Wastewater-based epidemiology to assess the occurrence of new psychoactive substances and alcohol consumption in Slovakia.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
; 200: 110762, 2020 Sep 01.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-32450441
ABSTRACT
Consumption of alcohol and new psychoactive substances (NPS) in a population or during special events (music festivals) is usually monitored through individual questionnaires, forensic and toxicological data, and drug seizures. However, consumption estimates have some biases due mostly to the unknown composition of drug pills for NPS and stockpiling for alcohol. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the real use of alcohol and the occurrence of NPS in Slovakia by wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). Urban wastewater samples were collected from nine Slovak cities over two years (2017-2018) and during three music festivals. The study included about 20% of the Slovak population and 50 000 festival attendees. The urinary alcohol biomarker ethyl sulfate (EtS) and thirty NPS were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC - MS/MS). EtS concentrations were used for estimating the per capita alcohol consumption in each city. The average alcohol consumption in the selected cities and festivals in 2017-2018 ranged between 7 and 126 L/day/1000 inhabitants and increased during the weekends and music festivals. Five NPS belonging to the classes of synthetic cathinones (mephedrone, methcathinone, buphedrone and pentedrone) and phenethylamines (25-iP-NBoMe) were found in the low ng/L range. Methcathinone was the most frequently detected NPS, while the highest normalized mass load corresponded to mephedrone (3.1 mg/day/1000 inhabitants). Wastewater-based epidemiology can provide timely information on alcohol consumption and NPS occurrence at the community level that is complementary to epidemiology-based monitoring techniques (e.g. population surveys, police seizures, sales statistics).
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Bases de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Psicotrópicos
/
Ésteres do Ácido Sulfúrico
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Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas
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Etanol
/
Águas Residuárias
/
Vigilância Epidemiológica Baseada em Águas Residuárias
Tipo de estudo:
Risk_factors_studies
/
Screening_studies
Limite:
Humans
País/Região como assunto:
Europa
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
Ano de publicação:
2020
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Eslováquia