Short anogenital distance is associated with testicular germ cell tumour development.
Andrology
; 8(6): 1770-1778, 2020 11.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-32683775
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Testicular germ cell tumour is a multifactorial disease in which various genetic and environmental factors play a role. Testicular germ cell tumour is part of the testicular dysgenesis syndrome which includes also cryptorchidism, hypospadias, oligo/azoospermia and short anogenital distance.OBJECTIVES:
The primary objective was to examine anogenital distance in testicular germ cell tumour cases and healthy fertile controls. The secondary objective was to assess the (CAG)n polymorphism of the Androgen Receptor gene in relationship with anogenital distances and testicular germ cell tumour development. MATERIAL ANDMETHODS:
156 testicular germ cell tumour patients and 110 tumour-free normozoospermic controls of Spanish origin. All subjects underwent full andrological workup (including semen and hormone analysis) and genetic analysis (Androgen Receptor (CAG)n). The main outcome measures were the anopenile distance (AGDap), the anoscrotal distance (AGDas) and AR(CAG)n.RESULT:
We observed significantly shorter anogenital distances in the group of testicular germ cell tumour patients in respect to controls (P < .001) independently from sperm count and testis histology. Threshold values, applicable only to our cohort, were calculated for anogenital distances with the best sensitivity and specificity. Subjects with AGDap and AGDas below threshold showed a significantly increased risk for testicular germ cell tumour (OR = 4.97, 95% CI = 2.01-12.33, P = .001 and OR = 4.11, 95% CI = 1.89-8.92, P ≤ .001, respectively). No significant correlation was observed between AR(CAG)n polymorphism and anogenital distances. The median values of the AR(CAG)n were similar between cases and controls, excluding a major role for this polymorphism in the etiopathogenesis of these testicular dysgenesis syndrome components.CONCLUSIONS:
Ours is the first study focusing on anogenital distances in testicular germ cell tumour patients. We identified short anogenital distances (which is a surrogate biomarker of androgen action during foetal life) as a significant risk factor for this disease. After further validation of our preliminary data, anogenital distance measurement could become part of testicular germ cell tumour screening in order to better define those individuals who would benefit from long-term active follow-up.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Bases de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Canal Anal
/
Escroto
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Neoplasias Testiculares
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Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas
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Criptorquidismo
/
Hipospadia
Tipo de estudo:
Observational_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Adult
/
Humans
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Male
País/Região como assunto:
Europa
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Andrology
Ano de publicação:
2020
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Espanha