Open-label trial of a single-day induction onto buprenorphine extended-release injection for users of heroin and fentanyl.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Fentanyl and other highly potent synthetic opioids are the leading cause of opioid overdose deaths in the United States. METHODS: This study was an open-label, uncontrolled 12-week outpatient clinical trial to test the feasibility of a single-day induction onto extended-release buprenorphine (BXR) injection treatment for five adults (N = 5) with opioid use disorder using heroin-containing fentanyl. Participants were planned to receive three monthly BXR injections (300, 300, and 100 mg). RESULTS: After receiving 24 mg sublingual buprenorphine (SL-BUP), all five participants received the BXR 300 mg injection on the first day of induction. All five participants were retained for the full 3-month study period postinduction and received all three scheduled BXR injections. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the feasibility of inducting users of heroin-containing fentanyl onto BXR 300 mg in a single day. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: The ability to administer a long-acting injection of BXR that assures therapeutic serum levels for a month on the first day of treatment contact is a promising development for the treatment of OUD.