Architecture of the cancellous bone in human proximal tibia based on P45 sectional plastinated specimens.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To reveal differences in the pattern of trabecular architecture in the epiphysis and metaphysis of the proximal tibia. METHODS: The trabecular architecture of the proximal tibia was observed in 27 P45 plastinated knee specimens. RESULTS: In the medial and lateral condyles, under the articular cartilage surrounded by the medial or lateral meniscus, the cancellous bone is formed by thick and dense trabecular bands, which run longitudinally in the epiphysis and then pass through the epiphyseal line to terminate on the slanted cortex of the metaphysis. In the intercondylar eminence, the trabeculae are arranged basically in a network. In the central portion of the tibial metaphysis, cancellous bone consists of fine arcuate trabeculae, which extend to the anterior and posterior cortices, respectively. These trabeculae are intersected sparsely and form trusses over the medullary cavity. Near the areas of attachment of the iliotibial tract, tibial collateral ligament, anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, and patellar ligament, the cancellous bone is locally reinforced with patchy trabeculae, dense radiating trabeculae, or two orthotropic trabecular bands. CONCLUSION: This study provides further accurate anatomical information on the trabeculae of the proximal tibia. The soft structures of knee joint, including the articular cartilage, menisci, and ligaments, and the slanted cortices of the metaphysis are important landmarks for the location of different arrangements of the cancellous architecture. The present results are beneficial for clinical diagnosis and treatment of pathologies of the knee joint, or the establishment of a finite element analysis model of the knee joint.