Effect and Optimal Timing of Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Intervention to Patients With Spasticity After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy as well as the optimal intervention timing for extracorporeal shock wave therapy for patients with spasticity after stroke. DESIGN: A search of randomized controlled trials was conducted in different electronic databases. We performed a meta-analysis to measure the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy versus sham interventions on spasticity and limb functionality. The meta-regression analysis was performed to determine the adequate intervention timing of extracorporeal shock wave therapy. The follow-up period of the outcomes was divided into the short (<2 wks), mid (>2 wks and ≤4 wks), and long (>4 wks and ≤3 mos) terms. RESULTS: Thirteen studies with 677 participants were evaluated. Spasticity significantly improved throughout the follow-up duration. Limb functionality significantly improved in the short-term follow-up period. The meta-regression analysis showed that patients with stroke duration less than 45 mos may be benefited from extracorporeal shock wave therapy in improving limb function in all follow-up periods. CONCLUSIONS: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy is an effective method for reducing spasticity in patients with stroke, and the effect could be maintained for up to 3 mos. Its effects on limb functionality could persist for at least 2 wks. Patients who had stroke for less than 45 mos may have significant benefit from extracorporeal shock wave therapy in all follow-up periods.