The prevalence, risk factors, and complications of Clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary care center, western region, Saudi Arabia.
J Infect Public Health
; 15(10): 1037-1042, 2022 Oct.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-36041381
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic gram-positive spore-forming bacillus that is most commonly associated with nosocomial diarrhea. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and risk factors of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) at a tertiary health care center, Western region, Saudi Arabia. We also aimed to examine the duration of exposure to each risk factor prior CDI development, and to categorize CDI as severe and non-severe depending on the white blood cell (WBC) count. Various complications of the infection were also analyzed.METHODS:
We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients who had a positive nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) for Clostridium difficile toxin genes between October 2018 and October 2020.RESULTS:
The prevalence of CDI among the included patients was 9.1% (237 of 2611 patients). The mean age (standard deviation) was 56.86 (21) years, and the infection was more prevalent among men (52.74%) than among women (47.26%). The most common risk factor associated with CDI was recent antibiotic use (74.68%), followed by recent acid suppressant use (67.50%), malignancy (46%), and previous gastrointestinal surgery (6.30%). The CDI recurrence rate was 13.90%. Piperacillin-tazobactam was the most frequently used broad-spectrum antibiotic, and was used in 38.8% of the patients, followed by meropenem. The most common malignancy type was lymphoma (22.94%, n = 25), followed by leukemia (n = 23). The most common type of surgery was subtotal colectomy (n = 6). Three patients underwent transverse colon resection, and two underwent ileocecal resection. Hypotension was the most frequently recorded complication (28.40%) in the study population.CONCLUSION:
The prevalence rate of CDI among the study patients during the two-year study from October 2018 to October 2020 was 9.1%. Appropriate use of antibiotic and acid suppressants, and contact isolation measures can help in decreasing the number of CDI cases.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Bases de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Infecções por Clostridium
/
Neoplasias
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Female
/
Humans
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Male
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Middle aged
País/Região como assunto:
Asia
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Infect Public Health
Assunto da revista:
DOENCAS TRANSMISSIVEIS
/
SAUDE PUBLICA
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article