Opium, phencyclidine, and crack cocaine smoking associations with lung and upper aerodigestive tract cancers: exploratory findings from a case-control study in Los Angeles County.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse
; 49(4): 440-449, 2023 07 04.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37433108
ABSTRACT
Background:
Illicit drug use has become a global epidemic, yet it is unclear if drug smoking increases the risk of tobacco-related cancers.Objectives:
We aimed to evaluate hypothesized associations between smoking three drugs - opium, phencyclidine (PCP) and crack cocaine and lung and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers.Methods:
A population-based case-control study with 611 lung cancer cases (50% male), 601 UADT cancers cases (76% male), and 1,040 controls (60% male) was conducted in Los Angeles County (1999-2004). Epidemiologic data including drug smoking histories were collected in face-to-face interviews. Associations were estimated with logistic regressions.Results:
Adjusting for potential confounders, ever vs. never crack smoking was positively associated with UADT cancers (aOR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.05, 2.33), and a dose-response relationship was observed for lifetime smoking frequency (p for trend = .024). Heavy (> median) vs. never crack smoking was associated with UADT cancers (aOR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.07, 3.08) and lung cancer (aOR = 1.58, 95% CI 0.88, 2.83). A positive association was also observed between heavy PCP smoking and UADT cancers (aOR = 2.29, 95% CI 0.91, 5.79). Little or no associations were found between opium smoking and lung cancer or UADT cancers.Conclusion:
The positive associations between illicit drug use and lung and/or UADT cancers suggest that smoking these drugs may increase the risk of tobacco-related cancers. Despite the low frequency of drug smoking and possible residual confounding, our findings may provide additional insights on the development of lung and UADT cancers.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Bases de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Drogas Ilícitas
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Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço
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Neoplasias Pulmonares
Tipo de estudo:
Diagnostic_studies
/
Etiology_studies
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Observational_studies
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Qualitative_research
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Female
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Humans
/
Male
País/Região como assunto:
America do norte
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse
Ano de publicação:
2023
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos