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Demographic analysis demonstrates systematic but independent spatial variation in abiotic and biotic stressors across 59 percent of a global species range.
Ruskin, Katharine J; Etterson, Matthew A; Hodgman, Thomas P; Borowske, Alyssa C; Cohen, Jonathan B; Elphick, Chris S; Field, Christopher R; Longenecker, Rebecca A; King, Erin; Kocek, Alison R; Kovach, Adrienne I; O'Brien, Kathleen M; Pau, Nancy; Shriver, W Gregory; Walsh, Jennifer; Olsen, Brian J.
Afiliação
  • Ruskin KJ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences Program and Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA.
  • Etterson MA; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
  • Hodgman TP; Bird Group, Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, Bangor, Maine, USA.
  • Borowske AC; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Center for Conservation and Biodiversity, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
  • Cohen JB; Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, USA.
  • Elphick CS; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Center for Conservation and Biodiversity, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
  • Field CR; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Center for Conservation and Biodiversity, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
  • Longenecker RA; Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA.
  • King E; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 5 Division of Natural Resources, Stewart B. McKinney National Wildlife Refuge, Westbrook, Connecticut, USA.
  • Kocek AR; Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, USA.
  • Kovach AI; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.
  • O'Brien KM; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge, Wells, Maine, USA.
  • Pau N; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Parker River National Wildlife Refuge, Newburyport, Massachusetts, USA.
  • Shriver WG; Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA.
  • Walsh J; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.
  • Olsen BJ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences Program and Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA.
Auk ; 134(4): 903-916, 2017 Oct 09.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37534301
ABSTRACT
The balance of abiotic and biotic stressors experienced by a species likely varies across its range, resulting in spatially heterogeneous limitations on the species' demographic rates. Support for spatial variation in stressors (often latitudinal gradients) has been found in many species, usually with physiological or correlative occupancy data, but it has rarely been estimated directly with demographic data. We collected demographic data from 23 sites spanning the majority of the Saltmarsh Sparrow (Ammodramus caudacutus) breeding range. Using data from 837 nests, we quantified the abiotic and biotic variables most important to nest survival, which is the dominant driver of both fecundity and population growth rate in this species. We separately estimated daily nest failure probability due to nest depredation (biotic stressor) and nest flooding (abiotic stressor), which collectively account for almost all nest failure in the species. Nest depredation decreased with latitude, whereas nest flooding was not related to latitude. Instead, nest flooding was best predicted by a combination of maximum high tide, extremity of rare flooding events, and date. For a single vital rate, we observed predictable variation in competing biotic and abiotic stressors across this species range. We observed that biotic and abiotic stressors were geographically independent, both on a large spatial scale and locally. Our results suggest that stressors on the fecundity of Saltmarsh Sparrow vary systematically across its range, but independently. The observed patterns of biotic and abiotic stress provide information for efforts to conserve the Saltmarsh Sparrow, which is considered threatened. Further, understanding the effects that different stressors, and their interactions, have on demographic rates is necessary to unravel the processes that govern species distributions and to effectively conserve biodiversity in the face of global change.
El balance de factores de estrés abióticos y bióticos para una especie probablemente varía a través de su rango, dando como resultado limitaciones espaciales heterogéneas en las tasas demográficas de la especie. Se ha verificado la existencia de variación espacial en los factores de estrés (usualmente gradientes latitudinales) para muchas especies, usualmente con datos fisiológicos o de ocupación correlativa, pero raramente se ha estimado directamente con datos demográficos. Colectamos datos demográficos de 23 sitios abarcando la mayoría del rango reproductivo de Ammodramus caudacutus. Usando datos de 837 nidos, cuantificamos las variables abióticas y bióticas más importantes para la supervivencia del nido, que es la variable que determina tanto la fecundidad como la tasa de crecimiento poblacional en esta especie. Por otra parte, estimamos la probabilidad de fracaso diario del nido debido a la depredación del nido (factor de estrés biótico) e inundación del nido (factor de estrés abiótico), que juntos representaron casi todos los fracasos del nido en esta especie. La depredación del nido disminuyó con la latitud mientras que la inundación del nido no se relacionó con la latitud. En cambio, la inundación del nido se predijo mejor por una combinación del máximo superior de la marea, la extremidad de los eventos de inundación raros y la fecha. Considerando una sola tasa vital, observamos variación predecible en los factores de estrés biótico y abiótico que compiten a través del rango de la especie. Observamos que los factores de estrés biótico y abiótico fueron geográficamente independientes tanto a una escala espacial grande como a la escala local. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los factores de estrés relacionados a la fecundidad de A. caudacutus varían sistemática pero independientemente a través de su rango. Los patrones observados de estrés biótico y abiótico brindan información para los esfuerzos de conservación de A. caudacutus, una especie considerada amenazada. Más aún, es necesario entender los efectos que los diferentes factores de estrés y sus interacciones tienen en las tasas demográficas para desenmarañar los procesos que gobiernan las distribuciones de las especies y para conservar la biodiversidad de manera eficiente en miras al cambio global.
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Texto completo: 1 Bases de dados: MEDLINE Tipo de estudo: Prognostic_studies Idioma: En Revista: Auk Ano de publicação: 2017 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Estados Unidos

Texto completo: 1 Bases de dados: MEDLINE Tipo de estudo: Prognostic_studies Idioma: En Revista: Auk Ano de publicação: 2017 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Estados Unidos