The novel C268A variant of BMP2 is linked to the reproductive performance of Awassi and Hamdani sheep.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Prolificacy-associated genetic markers can be utilized to enhance litter size in the sheep breeding industry. Sheep reproduction is influenced by a multitude of genes, including bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). This study aimed to explore the potential relationship between variability in the BMP2 gene and reproductive performance in Awassi and Hamdani ewes. METHODS AND RESULTS: The genomic DNA was extracted from 99 single-progeny ewes and 101 twin ewes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to produce an amplicon consisting of four sequence fragments 277 bp, 251 bp, 331 bp, and 340 bp, from exons 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the BMP2 gene, respectively. Three genotypes were identified for amplicons in exon 4 with 340-bp lengths CC, CA, and AA. Upon analyzing the sequence of the CA genotype 382 C > A, a novel mutation was discovered in this genotype. A robust association was identified between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) 382 C > A and reproductive performance through statistical analysis. An important distinction was discovered between ewes carrying SNP 382 C > A and those carrying CC in terms of litter sizes, twinning rates, lambing rates, and days to lambing. An analysis of logistic regression revealed a significant association between litter size and the 382 C > A SNP. There was a decrease in lamb production among ewes with the CC genotype compared to those with the CA and AA genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the SNP variant 382 C > A has a positive influence on the reproductive performance of Awassi and Hamdani sheep. Sheep carrying the 382 C > A SNP exhibit increased litter size and overall productivity compared to those without the SNP.