The conneXion between sex and immune responses.
Nat Rev Immunol
; 24(7): 487-502, 2024 Jul.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38383754
ABSTRACT
There are notable sex-based differences in immune responses to pathogens and self-antigens, with female individuals exhibiting increased susceptibility to various autoimmune diseases, and male individuals displaying preferential susceptibility to some viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal infections. Although sex hormones clearly contribute to sex differences in immune cell composition and function, the presence of two X chromosomes in female individuals suggests that differential gene expression of numerous X chromosome-linked immune-related genes may also influence sex-biased innate and adaptive immune cell function in health and disease. Here, we review the sex differences in immune system composition and function, examining how hormones and genetics influence the immune system. We focus on the genetic and epigenetic contributions responsible for altered X chromosome-linked gene expression, and how this impacts sex-biased immune responses in the context of pathogen infection and systemic autoimmunity.
Texto completo:
1
Bases de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Caracteres Sexuais
Limite:
Animals
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Nat Rev Immunol
/
Nat. rev. immunol
/
Nature reviews
Assunto da revista:
ALERGIA E IMUNOLOGIA
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos