Toxicokinetics Explain Differential Freshwater Ecotoxicity of Nanoencapsulated Imidacloprid Compared to Its Conventional Active Ingredient.
Environ Sci Technol
; 58(22): 9548-9558, 2024 Jun 04.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38778038
ABSTRACT
Agricultural applications of nanotechnologies necessitate addressing safety concerns associated with nanopesticides, yet research has not adequately elucidated potential environmental risks between nanopesticides and their conventional counterparts. To address this gap, we investigated the risk of nanopesticides by comparing the ecotoxicity of nanoencapsulated imidacloprid (nano-IMI) with its active ingredient to nontarget freshwater organisms (embryonic Danio rerio, Daphnia magna, and Chironomus kiinensis). Nano-IMI elicited approximately 5 times higher toxicity than IMI to zebrafish embryos with and without chorion, while no significant difference was observed between the two invertebrates. Toxicokinetics further explained the differential toxicity patterns of the two IMI analogues. One-compartmental two-phase toxicokinetic modeling showed that nano-IMI exhibited significantly slower elimination and subsequently higher bioaccumulation potential than IMI in zebrafish embryos (dechorinated), while no disparity in toxicokinetics was observed between nano-IMI and IMI in D. magna and C. kiinensis. A two-compartmental toxicokinetic model successfully simulated the slow elimination of IMI from C. kiinensis and confirmed that both analogues of IMI reached toxicologically relevant targets at similar levels. Although nanopesticides exhibit comparable or elevated toxicity, future work is of utmost importance to properly understand the life cycle risks from production to end-of-life exposures, which helps establish optimal management measures before their widespread applications.
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Texto completo:
1
Bases de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Peixe-Zebra
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Toxicocinética
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Água Doce
Limite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Environ Sci Technol
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
China