Sex and gender differences in cognitive resilience to aging and Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimers Dement
; 20(8): 5695-5719, 2024 08.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38967222
ABSTRACT
Sex and gender-biological and social constructs-significantly impact the prevalence of protective and risk factors, influencing the burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD; amyloid beta and tau) and other pathologies (e.g., cerebrovascular disease) which ultimately shape cognitive trajectories. Understanding the interplay of these factors is central to understanding resilience and resistance mechanisms explaining maintained cognitive function and reduced pathology accumulation in aging and AD. In this narrative review, the ADDRESS! Special Interest Group (Alzheimer's Association) adopted a multidisciplinary approach to provide the foundations and recommendations for future research into sex- and gender-specific drivers of resilience, including a sex/gender-oriented review of risk factors, genetics, AD and non-AD pathologies, brain structure and function, and animal research. We urge the field to adopt a sex/gender-aware approach to resilience to advance our understanding of the intricate interplay of biological and social determinants and consider sex/gender-specific resilience throughout disease stages. HIGHLIGHTS Sex differences in resilience to cognitive decline vary by age and cognitive status. Initial evidence supports sex-specific distinctions in brain pathology. Findings suggest sex differences in the impact of pathology on cognition. There is a sex-specific change in resilience in the transition to clinical stages. Gender and sex factors warrant study modifiable, immune, inflammatory, and vascular.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Bases de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Envelhecimento
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Caracteres Sexuais
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Doença de Alzheimer
Limite:
Animals
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Female
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Humans
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Male
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Alzheimer's & dementia
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Alzheimers Dement
/
Alzheimers dememt
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Espanha