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1.
Am J Transplant ; 18(3): 731-736, 2018 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29116671

RESUMO

Zika virus (ZIKV) cases have been detected across the United States (US) and locally acquired cases have been reported in Florida. Currently, there are no ZIKV screening guidelines and no data on the incidence among organ donors in the US. This retrospective study was conducted at Jackson Memorial-Miami Transplant Institute. Positive ZIKV tests in local deceased organ donors were investigated from 6/2016 to 1/2017. We evaluated demographics and risk factors for ZIKV infection among organ donors and transplant outcomes among recipients of donors with positive ZIKV testing. One hundred forty-two donors were analyzed. Ten percent had traveled to ZIKV-endemic countries and 19% had outdoor occupations. Only 3% had positive ZIKV IGG. None had a positive ZIKV IGM or PCR. ZIKV-positive donors were more likely to have traveled to ZIKV-endemic countries (50% vs. 9%, P = .05). The kidneys from a ZIKV-positive donor were transplanted in our hospital with no 6-month rejection, graft failure, or death in the recipients. Our study demonstrated a low prevalence of ZIKV among deceased donors in our community. Despite local ZIKV transmission, ZIKV was more common in donors who traveled to ZIKV-endemic countries. This cohort demonstrated excellent outcomes in recipients of ZIKV IGG-positive donors. However, larger studies are needed.


Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue/provisão & distribuição , Seleção do Doador/normas , Programas de Rastreamento , Infecção por Zika virus/diagnóstico , Zika virus/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Feminino , Florida/epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RNA Viral/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Zika virus/genética , Zika virus/imunologia , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Infecção por Zika virus/virologia
2.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28416558

RESUMO

The management of infections with New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM)-producing bacteria remains clinically challenging given the multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype associated with these bacteria. Despite resistance in vitro, ceftazidime-avibactam previously demonstrated in vivo activity against NDM-positive Enterobacteriaceae Herein, we observed in vitro synergy with ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam against an MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring NDM. In vivo, humanized doses of ceftazidime-avibactam monotherapy resulted in >2 log10 CFU bacterial reduction; therefore, no in vivo synergy was observed.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Compostos Azabicíclicos/farmacologia , Aztreonam/farmacologia , Ceftazidima/farmacologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Compostos Azabicíclicos/uso terapêutico , Aztreonam/uso terapêutico , Ceftazidima/uso terapêutico , Combinação de Medicamentos , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Infecções por Klebsiella/tratamento farmacológico , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Inibidores de beta-Lactamases/farmacologia , Inibidores de beta-Lactamases/uso terapêutico
3.
Am J Transplant ; 16(8): 2463-72, 2016 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26953224

RESUMO

In current practice, human immunodeficiency virus-infected (HIV(+) ) candidates with CD4 >200 cells/mm(3) are eligible for kidney transplantation; however, the optimal pretransplant CD4 count above this threshold remains to be defined. We evaluated clinical outcomes in patients with baseline CD4 >350 and <350 cells/mm(3) among 38 anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)-treated HIV-negative to HIV(+) kidney transplants performed at our center between 2006 and 2013. Median follow-up was 2.6 years. Rates of acute rejection and patient and graft survival were not different between groups. Occurrence of severe CD4 lymphopenia (<200 cells/mm(3) ), however, was more common among patients with a baseline CD4 count 200-349 cells/mm(3) compared with those transplanted at higher counts (75% vs. 30% at 4 weeks [p = 0.04] and 71% vs. 5% at 52 weeks [p = 0.001], respectively, after transplant). After adjusting for age, baseline CD4 count of 200-349 cells/mm(3) was an independent predictor of severe CD4 lymphopenia at 4 weeks (relative risk [RR] 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-5.1) and 52 weeks (RR 14.3; 95% CI 2-100.4) after transplant. Patients with CD4 <200 cells/mm(3) at 4 weeks had higher probability of serious infections during first 6 months after transplant (19% vs. 50%; log-rank p = 0.05). These findings suggest that ATG must be used with caution in HIV(+) kidney allograft recipients with a pretransplant CD4 count <350 cells/mm(3) .


Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/etiologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/etiologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , HIV-1/imunologia , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Aloenxertos , Soro Antilinfocitário/uso terapêutico , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Feminino , Seguimentos , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Sobrevivência de Enxerto/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/terapia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Humanos , Testes de Função Renal , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
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