A Complex Case of Idiopathic Purulent Pericarditis in an Immunocompetent Adult.

Acute purulent pericarditis is a fatal complication of bacterial pericarditis. Purulent pericarditis usually arises secondary to an infection that spreads directly or hematogenously. The mortality rate reaches 100% in untreated purulent pericarditis. We present a case of complex idiopathic purulent pericarditis caused by Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). In this report a 39-year-old male presented with shortness of breath, cough and chest pain. He was diagnosed with pericardial effusion with signs of cardiac tamponade. He underwent pericardiocentesis and aspirated pericardial fluid grew Staphylococcus aureus. He was started on IV antibiotics. However, he had a recollection of pericardial fluid and thus a pericardial window and removal of fibrinous material was done. He was treated with IV antibiotics for a total of seven weeks. High clinical suspicion is needed in diagnosing purulent pericarditis and prompt treatment helps in achieving favorable outcomes for the patient as demonstrated in our case.

Is fat-free mass-based gentamicin dosing regimen preferable than whole-body weight in neonates?

Importance: Body fluid dynamics and renal maturation status vary during the neonatal period. We hypothesized that differences in peak and trough gentamicin concentrations could be expected. Objective: To predict the peak and trough gentamicin concentrations in critically ill neonates and to predict the changes in the predicted peak plasma concentrations of gentamicin following fat-free mass dosing. Methods: Critically ill neonates that received gentamicin and have gentamicin concentration measured were recruited. Fat mass was estimated using skinfold thicknesses. Changes in the peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) using whole-body weight (estimated using the current dosing regimen) and predicted concentrations following the fat-free mass-based dosing were the outcome measures. Results: Eighty-nine critically ill neonates were recruited. Sub-therapeutic Cmax was estimated using the current dosing regimen in 32.6%, and 22.5% neonates following the first and second doses of gentamicin. Preterm neonates had significantly higher fat mass compared to term neonates. All except one had Cmax above 12 µg/ml after the first dose and all had after the second gentamicin dose following the predicted fat-free mass-based gentamicin dosing. The recommended doses are as follows: extreme preterm: 7.95 mg/kg every 48 h; very preterm: 7.30 mg/kg every 36-48 h; late preterm: 5.90 mg/kg every 36-48 h; and term neonates at 5.10 mg/kg every 24 h. Interpretation: Fat-free mass dosing may be considered for obtaining optimal therapeutic effects in the neonatal population.