[Complications after osteosynthesis of the proximal femur]. / Komplikationen nach Osteosynthese des proximalen Femurs.

BACKGROUND: Fractures of the proximal femur are among the most common fractures of all bones. Currently nearly every trauma surgeon has to be able to treat proximal femur fractures either with osteosynthesis or with a prosthesis. An increase of 200-300 % of fractures of the proximal femur is expected within the next 30 years. In addition an increase of periprosthetic fractures of the proximal and distal femur can be observed. The correct treatment of these complications is a challenging objective for the trauma surgeon. OBJECTIVES: This article provides an overview on complications after osteosynthesis of the proximal femur. It contributes treatment options depending on the implant, the patient specific risk factors and the special problems of postoperative care. METHODS: A selective review of the literature using Pubmed under consideration of experiences gained in the treatment of complications after osteosynthesis of the proximal femur was performed. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the increasing incidence of fractures of the proximal femur on the one hand and complications after operative treatment of these fractures on the other, the trauma surgeon must provide differentiated therapy concepts depending on the individual risk factors of different patients. Moreover, trauma surgeons must know how to treat the potential complications of these procedures.

Evaluation of IGF-1 levels in cats with transient and permanent diabetes mellitus.

It was investigated if IGF-1 levels in cats which experience diabetic remission (i.e. transient diabetes mellitus) differ from those in cats with permanent disease. Thirteen of 32 diabetic cats showed remission within 16 weeks after initiating insulin therapy, 19 cats continued to need insulin therapy. IGF-1 concentrations were measured before (t(0)), 1-3 (t(1)) and 4-8 (t(2)) weeks after initiating insulin therapy. No difference in IGF-1 levels was found between cats with transient and permanent diabetes at any point in time. In both groups of cats IGF-1 concentrations were significantly lower compared to those of controls before insulin administration. After starting insulin therapy IGF-1 increased significantly in both groups. In cats with transient diabetes IGF-1 levels were not different from controls already at t(1), whereas in cats with permanent diabetes it took until t(2). Although IGF-1 levels seem to normalize faster in cats with transient diabetes mellitus, measurement is not helpful to predict the course of the disease.

Correlation of environmental mite levels & the symptoms of allergic rhinitis regarding the efficacy of preventive education / Correlacion de los niveles de acaros en el ambiente y los síntomas de rinitis alérgica con respecto a la eficacia de la educación para la prevención

Allergic rhinitis is still a commonly investigated disease all over the world. Allergens are usually in the nature of glycoprotein or protein which interact with antibodies resulting in the formation of specific Ig E in the body 1. It is presumed that some environmental factors play an important role in their clinics. In allergic rhinitis, symptoms usually occur after the interaction of nasal mucosa with allergens. Allergens may be indoors, outdoors or in both environments. House-dust contains most of the indoor allergens. Mites are the most egregious allergen in house dust. D. pteronyssinus is commonly seen in European countries, D. farinae is mostly seen in North America. House-dust mites play an important role in allergic sensitization of individuals in Turkey. Perennial allergic rhinitis is a common chronic disorder that results most frequently from sensitivity to house-dust mites. National and international guidelines for the management of allergic rhinitis recommend that house and dust mite avoidance measures be considered for all patients with house-dust mite provoked rhinitis. Symptoms of allergic rhinitis are related to the environmental mite level in which patients live. The aim of this study is to show the relationship between mite levels and symptoms of allergic rhinitis diagnosed patients and the change of mite levels in the environment after appropriate education

La rinitis alérgica es una enfermedad sobre la que todavía se investiga en todo el mundo. Los alergenos por lo común son de naturaleza glicoproteica o proteica, que interactúan con anticuerpos IgE específicos producidos por el paciente. Se supone que los factores ambientales juegan un papel importante en la clínica. Los síntomas de rinitis alérgica por lo general tienen lugar tras la interacción de la mucosa nasal con los alergenos. Los alergenos pueden ser domiciliarios, del exterior o de ambos ambientes. El polvo de casa contiene muchos de los alergenos domiciliarios. Los ácaros son los alergenos más destacados del polvo doméstico. El D. pteronyssinus es el más común en los países europeos, mientras que el D. farinae es el más abundante en Norte- américa. En Turquía los ácaros del polvo juegan un papel destacado en la sensibilización alérgica. La rinitis alérgica perenne es una enfermedad crónica común debida con más frecuencia a la sensibilización a los ácaros del polvo doméstico. Las guías nacional e internacionales para el tratamiento de la rinitis alérgica recomiendan establecer medidas para evitar los ácaros del polvo doméstico a todos los pacientes con rinitis causada por los ácaros. Los síntomas de rinitis alérgica están relacionados con el nivel de ácaros del ambiente en que vive el paciente. El objetivo de este estudio es mostrar la relación entre el nivel de ácaros y los síntomas en los pacientes diagnosticados de rinitis alérgica y el cambio de la concentración de ácaros en el ambiente después de una educación apropiada