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1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2007975

RESUMO

In Italy, drug abusers are the major risk category for HIV infection, representing 67% of all the reported cases of AIDS. This can in part explain the higher incidence of the infection observed in Italian females (17.7%) in comparison with the data reported in Europe (11.5%) or in the U.S. (8.5%). Therefore, anti-HIV screening in newborns reflects the serologic pattern of the respective mothers and can provide a useful tool in evaluating the incidence of the infection in a relatively unselected population. Furthermore, the data collected can provide a good predictive parameter for the rate at which pediatric AIDS will develop. Blood samples were collected on filter paper for routine screenings from 39,102 consecutive newborns in 92 hospital nurseries, from eight different Italian regions, during the period June 1988-April 1989. Blood-saturated disks were screened for anti-HIV antibodies (HIV Ab) using an ELISA; positive results were confirmed using a Western blot. Among the 39,102 blood samples tested, 51 (0.00130, 95% confidence intervals, Poisson distribution of 0.00097-0.00171) were found to be positive for HIV Ab. The distribution pattern of the positive samples among the different regions correlates to the cumulative AIDS incidence rate, with a higher prevalence in urban and industrialized areas.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Western Blotting , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Itália/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Prevalência , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/complicações
2.
Biomed Pharmacother ; 46(4): 167-9, 1992.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1330051

RESUMO

A PCR protocol has been developed using inosine-containing primers for human papilloma virus (HPV) detection. The HPV16 L1 region from CaSki-positive cells was efficiently amplified by a single reaction and directly analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The method was found to be sensitive and reproducible, and it easy to use for HPV typing and screening.


Assuntos
Inosina/química , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Sequência de Bases , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro
3.
Biomed Pharmacother ; 45(10): 451-4, 1991.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1820176

RESUMO

A clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) electrophoresis allowing the separation of DNA molecules in the range of 200 to 3000 kb in size was used to study the biological effects of electric and magnetic fields (EMFs). The results obtained did not show any detectable genomic damage on Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


Assuntos
DNA Bacteriano/genética , Campos Eletromagnéticos , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado/métodos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Dano ao DNA/genética , Genoma Bacteriano
4.
Pediatr Med Chir ; 16(5): 445-8, 1994.
Artigo em Italiano | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7885953

RESUMO

Cystic fibrosis (C.F.), a congenital lethal disease involving many organs, is responsible of chronic pulmonary disease and maldigestion. At the beginning symptoms can be feeble and diagnosis is often delayed, especially in those cases with an isolated pulmonary expression. It is demonstrated that early diagnosis and immediate prophylaxis of pulmonary infections and maldigestion improves survival. Thus a neonatal screening test is required. Although various attempts have been done, dating from 1968, there is no evidence, up to now, of a real utility of neonatal screening tests in C.F. The only test with a minor frequency of false negatives and positives is the RIA trypsin serum dosage to be executed within 3-5 days of life.


Assuntos
Fibrose Cística/prevenção & controle , Triagem Neonatal , Fibrose Cística/diagnóstico , Fibrose Cística/genética , Reações Falso-Negativas , Reações Falso-Positivas , Aconselhamento Genético , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Triagem Neonatal/métodos
7.
Boll Ist Sieroter Milan ; 68(1): 28-33, 1989.
Artigo em Italiano | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2518810

RESUMO

The incidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis is 10% of post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH), and more than 30% of this occurrence could be prevented with SGPT screening. We have been studying from 1984 this surrogate test in order to prevent non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis. Reported data suggest this screening in all blood donors.


Assuntos
Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Doadores de Sangue , Hepatite C/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Transfusão de Sangue/normas , Feminino , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Hepatite C/enzimologia , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Humanos , Itália/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Reação Transfusional
8.
Plant Cell Rep ; 11(10): 519-21, 1992 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24213160

RESUMO

Plants were regenerated from leaf explants of Centrosema brasilianum cultured in vitro. Callus and buds were produced on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS), 0.8% agar, 0.1 mg/l NAA and 1 mg/l BAP. Regeneration of multiple shoots was achieved by transferring callus onto fresh medium containing 0.01 and 1 mg/l of NAA and BAP, respectively. Shoots formed roots upon transfer to MS with 0.01 mg/l NAA. Plantlets were succesfully transferred to soil. Leaf-derived calli of Centrosema arenarium, C. macrocarpum, C. pascuorum, C. pubescens, and C. virginianum did not produce shoots when cultured in vitro.

9.
Biomater Artif Cells Artif Organs ; 16(1-3): 197-204, 1988.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3179464

RESUMO

Under physiological conditions of pH and [Cl-] ions the oxygen affinity of bovine hemoglobin is lower than that of human hemoglobin. The difference tends to disappear at low ionic strength, while it increases at high ionic strength. In the presence of Cl- ions bovine hemoglobin is not sensitive to 2,3-DPG, while in the absence of Cl- ions human and bovine hemoglobin respond to 2,3-DPG in a similar way. This is due to a high preferential binding of halogens by the deoxy-conformation in the bovine system. Reaction of deoxy-bovine hemoglobin with 2,3-dibromo-salycyl-fumarate results in a decreased oxygen affinity. Compounds can be purified by anion exchange chromatography which have the sedimentation velocity of tetrameric hemoglobins. They fail to dissociate into dimers at acid pH because of the presence of intramolecular crosslinks. Reverse phase chromatography shows that both kind of subunits are modified by the reaction. The half time of retention in rats of these tetramers is near 5 h. Bovine red cells do not contain 2,3-DPG, therefore they can be stored in the cold in saline for at least 2 months without significant modifications of their oxygen affinity. The oxygen affinity of bovine red cells can be modulated by addition and subtraction of Cl- ions from and by changing the pH of the media.


Assuntos
Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Oxigênio/metabolismo , 2,3-Difosfoglicerato , Animais , Ânions , Aspirina/análogos & derivados , Bovinos , Cloretos/farmacologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cromatografia por Troca Iônica , Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas , Ácidos Difosfoglicéricos/farmacologia , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Liofilização , Humanos , Substâncias Macromoleculares , Concentração Osmolar , Ratos
10.
Anthropol Anz ; 48(1): 15-23, 1990 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2334145

RESUMO

Microfilter absorbed whole blood samples from 223 Tanzanian babies and 189 adults from Cameroon have been examined. Blood specimens are difficult to obtain from African suburban and rural areas, and lack of storage and transportation facilities can prevent the collection of samples. We evaluated some microassays employing whole blood collected on filter paper. This method is a well established technique in neonatal screening for endocrinometabolic diseases. We also developed microassays for whole dried blood spots to type AB0 blood groups and HIV disease using commercial reagents. Phenotype and gene frequencies for AB0 and hemoglobin systems as well as our results concerning the typings of thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are reported.


Assuntos
Sistema ABO de Grupos Sanguíneos/genética , Coleta de Amostras Sanguíneas/métodos , Manchas de Sangue , Comparação Transcultural , Genética Populacional , Hemoglobina Falciforme/genética , Adulto , Camarões , Frequência do Gene/genética , Variação Genética/genética , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/análise , Soroprevalência de HIV , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/análise , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Tanzânia
11.
J Med Virol ; 28(4): 209-14, 1989 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2778444

RESUMO

We have investigated the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by using in situ hybridization on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from seronegative regular sexual partners of HIV-infected subjects. The cells were hybridized with a 9 kilobase (kb) Sstl-Sstl lambda BH 10 probe, which was able to recognize both viral mRNA and proviral cDNA. Labeling was done by chemical insertion of an antigenic sulfone group in cytosine moieties and was visualized by a double-antibody immunohistochemical reaction. In all the subjects studied, the HIV genome was present. The HIV infected cells showed morphological aspects consistent with that of lymphocytes and monocytes. Our data suggest that the anti-HIV seronegative individuals who are regular sexual partners of HIV-infected subjects may be HIV-infected.


Assuntos
Bissexualidade , Genes Virais , Soropositividade para HIV/diagnóstico , HIV-1/genética , Leucócitos Mononucleares/análise , Feminino , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/análise , Soropositividade para HIV/genética , Soropositividade para HIV/psicologia , HIV-1/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/análise , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/análise , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/genética , Antígenos E da Hepatite B/análise , Antígenos E da Hepatite B/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Fatores de Risco , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias
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