Metabolomic biomarkers of low BMD: a systematic review.

Due to the metabolic nature of osteoporosis, this study was conducted to identify metabolomic studies investigating the metabolic profile of low bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis. A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases up to April 08, 2020, to identify observational studies with cross-sectional or case-control designs investigating the metabolic profile of low BMD in adults using biofluid specimen via metabolomic platform. The quality assessment panel specified for the "omics"-based diagnostic research (QUADOMICS) tool was used to estimate the methodologic quality of the included studies. Ten untargeted and one targeted approach metabolomic studies investigating biomarkers in different biofluids through mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance platforms were included in the systematic review. Some metabolite panels, rather than individual metabolites, showed promising results in differentiating low BMD from normal. Candidate metabolites were of different categories including amino acids, followed by lipids and carbohydrates. Besides, certain pathways were suggested by some of the studies to be involved. This systematic review suggested that metabolic profiling could improve the diagnosis of low BMD. Despite valuable findings attained from each of these studies, there was great heterogeneity regarding the ethnicity and age of participants, samples, and the metabolomic platform. Further longitudinal studies are needed to validate the results and confirm the predictive role of metabolic profile on low BMD and fracture. It is also mandatory to address and minimize the heterogeneity in future studies by using reliable quantitative methods. Summary: Due to the metabolic nature of osteoporosis, researchers have considered metabolomic studies recently. This systematic review showed that metabolic profiling including different categories of metabolites could improve the diagnosis of low BMD. However, great heterogeneity was observed and it is mandatory to address and minimize the heterogeneity in future studies.

Histologic analyses of different concentrations of TritonX-100 and Sodium dodecyl sulfate detergent in lung decellularization.

Pulmonary diseases cusecs a large portion of mortality in the world. There is no more cure for pulmonary diseases and many approaches are needed for finding ways to cure. Nowadays, implantation and drugs are only ways for curing those people who are facing with these diseases. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have been appeared as multidisciplinary field and also, they presents new therapeutic approaches for pulmonary diseases. One of these therapeutic approaches is decellularization which removes cellular but leaves intact important extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and three-dimensional (3D) architecture and also, this approach has been studied for in-vitro and ex-vivo. In this study, we aimed to investigate a comparison of different concentrations of Triton X-100 and Sodium dodecyl sulfate detergents in lung decellularization in order to evaluate the effects of different concentrations and times of mentioned detergents on three dimensional and ECM proteins lung. Two detergents (Triton-X100 and Sodium dodecyl sulfat) were used with different concentrations for decellularizing rat lungs for maintaining of three-dimensional lung architecture and ECM protein compositions which have significant roles in differentiation and migration of stem cells. Results showed that SDS 0.05%, 0.1% and Triton-X100 0.1% could maintain 3D, elastin and collagen better than other concentrations in 24 and 48 h- decellularization. We concluded that these approaches can help to achieve three-dimensional architecture and extracellular matrix of lung with minimum destruction for next step such as recellularization and in-vivo study.

Rat lung decellularization using chemical detergents for lung tissue engineering.

Although pulmonary diseases account for a large number of deaths in the world, most have no treatment other than transplantation. New therapeutic methods for lung treatment include lung tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Lung decellularization has been used to produce an appropriate scaffold for recellularization and implantation. We investigated 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton X-100 detergents for effecting rat lung decellularization. We evaluated using conventional histology, immunofluorescence staining and SEM methods for removing nuclear material while leaving intact extracellular matrix proteins and three-dimensional architecture. We investigated different concentrations of CHAPS, SDS and Triton X-100 for different periods. We found that 2 mM CHAPS + 0/1% SDS for 48 h was the best among the treatments investigated. Our method can be used to produce an appropriate scaffold for recellularization by stem cells and for investigations ex vivo and in vivo.

Comparative study of depression and consent among brain death families in donor and nondonor groups from March 2001 to December 2002 in Tehran.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research was to study the relationship between depression and organ donation among families of brain death cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional study included a sample of first-degree relatives of brain death cases: 54 relatives among 27 organ donor families and 104 relatives among 58 nonorgan donor families participated in the research by the counting method. All families were questioned about their willingness for organ donation and at least 3 months had passed from their relative's death to the time we performed the research. Data were collected via a demographic questionnaire and Beck depression inventory (BDI) with a cutoff point of 16; persons with scores over 16 were considered depressed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Student t test, and chi-square test. RESULTS: Depression was observed in 20.4% of donor families and 17.3% of nondonor families; there was no significant difference between them. There were no significant differences in the frequency of depression between parents, spouses, and children of the 2 groups. The organ donors' relatives reported the effectiveness of organ donation to alleviate their grief: 66% completely and 32% partially. CONCLUSION: Organ donation does not have a significant effect on the course of grief and later depression among relatives of brain death cases.

Knowledge and attitude of donor cardholders toward organ and tissue donation and transplantation in an Iranian tissue bank: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Cadaveric organ shortage is the most important obstacle to more widespread provision of transplants. Many factors influence the donation rate: social factors, religion, familial relations, and especially knowledge and attitudes toward organ and tissue donation and transplantation. Increasing public awareness can reform the incorrect beliefs and myths about donation and transplantation. This study investigated knowledge and attitudes of donor cardholders toward organ and tissue donation as well as transplantation. METHODS: This case-control study was performed in 2006 among 178 donor cardholders and the same number of a control group who completed a questionnaire including 23 questions and demographic information. FINDINGS: Knowledge and attitude among the cardholder was significantly greater than the control group (P < .05). We observed a inverse correlation between age and a positive attitude toward donation and transplantation among cardholders. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that the main reasons for refusal to donate organ and tissue were insufficient knowledge and negative attitudes due to misinformation regarding donation and transplantation. We believe that educating and motivating the public via the mass media can increase the rate of consent for organ and tissue donation and transplantation.