Holmium laser enucleation and water vapor thermal therapy for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: A cost analysis.

PURPOSE: To perform a cost analysis of the current gold standard operation of Holmium Laser Enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) compared to the new technique of water vapor thermal therapy with the Rezum™ system for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between October 2017 and January 2020, consecutive patients with invalidating lower urinary tract symptoms due to BPH who underwent Rezum™ and HoLEP procedures from the Aix regional hospital were identified. The outcome of each technique was assessed in terms of cost from the institutional perspective. Detailed expense reports based were provided by the accounts department of the hospital. These were used to compare in-hospital costs for each procedure. RESULTS: A total of 53 and 94 consecutive patients underwent respectively water vapor thermal therapy and HoLEP. The median costs for the surgical procedure were €1344 (IQR 1331-1361) and €669 (IQR 584-824), respectively for Rezum™ and HoLEP (median difference €675; P<0.001). The median costs of the hospital stay were €869 (IQR 869-869) for Rezum™ and €1295 (IQR 1295-1330) for HoLEP (median difference €426; P<0.001). Finally, the median total costs per patient were lower for HoLEP (€2005 [IQR 1902-2150]) than for Rezum™ (€2228 [IQR 2209-2243]) procedure, and the median difference of €233 was significant (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: One of the anticipated benefits of Rezum™, reduced length of hospital stay with an associated reduction in cost, did not materialize within this study. The patient's clinical condition and expectations should also be taken into account when deciding between Rezum™ and standard therapies. LEVEL OF PROOF: 3.

Comparison of water vapor thermal therapy and prostate artery embolization for fragile patients with indwelling urinary catheters: Preliminary results from a multi-institutional study.

PURPOSE: To report our preliminary experience with water vapor thermal therapy with the Rezum™ System and Prostate Artery Embolization (PAE) for treatment of medically refractory, complete urinary retention to achieve successful cessation of catheter dependency in frail-patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A multi-institutional study was conducted including all patients who underwent Rezum™ procedure and PAE between October 2017 and June 2020. The included population focused on frail-patients unsuitable for conventional surgery with complete urinary retention. Rezum™ patients were identified and matched (1:1) with patients who underwent PAE. The matching criteria were age, Charlson score, prostate volume and duration of follow-up. The primary outcome was catheter-free survival, defined as spontaneous voiding and release from catheter dependence. RESULTS: Eleven patients from the Rezum™ group were matched to 11 embolized patients. PAE and Rezum™ patients were comparable in age (median: 77 vs. 75 years), Charlson score (median: 6 vs. 6) and prostate volume (74 vs. 60 cc). Procedures were significantly longer in the PAE group compared to the Rezum™ procedures (median: 148 vs. 8min, P<0.001). After a median follow-up of 12 months, spontaneous voiding was conserved in all cases (100%) after the Rezum™ procedure and in 5 cases (45.4%) after PAE (P=0.01). In catheter-free patients, the rate of benign prostatic hyperplasia medication use after procedure was 40% for PAE and 18.2% for Rezum™ patients (P=0.54). CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary experience for treatment of complete urinary retention in frail-patients shows the feasibility of PAE and Rezum™ to restore spontaneous urination without being associated with the occurrence of major complications. Early data suggests that Rezum™ may provide superior results in terms of cessation of catheter dependence. Future studies are needed to definitively assess which treatment would be best suited for each patient. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

[Radical cystectomy for urothelial bladder cancer: prognostic impact of lymph node metastasis and soft tissue surgical margins]. / Cystectomie totale pour cancer urothélial : impact pronostique de l'atteinte ganglionnaire et des marges chirurgicales positives.

PURPOSE: To assess the association of soft tissue surgical margins (STSM) and/or lymph node metatstasis (pN+) with characteristics and outcomes of patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC) for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively collected the data of 242 patients treated with RC and pelvic lymphadenectomy for UCB between January 2005 and June 2009. Different parameters were studied: age, PSAt, pathological stage of cystectomy specimen (pT and pN), tumor grade, number (nb) of nodes (N) in lymphadenectomy, nb of metastatic nodes (nb N+), bigger diameter of N+, ganglionic density, nb of N with capsular ruptur, associated CIS, associated prostate cancer, follow-up, global and specific survival, date and etiology of death. RESULTS: Positive STSM were identified in 22 patients (9.1%) and lymph node metastasis in 59 (24.4%). pN+ status was significantly associated with lower global (GS) and specific survival (SS) (P<0.003). So was it for patients with positive STSM R+ with actuarial 3-year GS and SS respectively of 5% and 25% versus 35% and 43.9% no STSM (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Positive soft tissue surgical margin and/or lymph node metatstasis on cystectomy specimen is a strong predictor of GS and SS from urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. So it is for capsular rupture, ganglionic density greater or equal to 0.10 and nb of N in lymphadenectomy less than 14 for pN+ patients.

[Role of surgery (cytoreductive nephrectomy and metastasectomy) in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a literature review]. / Place de la chirurgie (néphrectomie cytoréductrice et métastasectomie) dans la prise en charge du cancer du rein métastatique: revue de la littérature.

Cytoreductive nephrectomy is an established treatment option prior immunotherapy in well-selected patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. With the recent introduction of new targeted agents, the role of surgery has been source of controversy. This review examines the role of cytoreductive nephrectomy during the immunotherapy era, then in the new targeted therapies era. This review also summarizes the optimal timing of these treatments, the prognostic factors predicting outcome following cytoreductive nephrectomy, the role of metastasectomy, partial and laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy.

[Renal artery pseudoaneurysm following partial nephrectomy: a case report with a current literature review]. / Faux anévrisme rénal après chirurgie conservatrice du rein pour cancer : à propos d'un cas et revue de la littérature.

Renal artery pseudoaneurysm (RAP) is a well-documented complication of percutaneous urologic procedures (biopsy, nephrostomy, nephrolithotomy) and renal trauma. Only few cases occurring after partial nephrectomy for cancer have been reported in the literature. We describe the case of one patient who presented with postoperative haemorrhage due to a RAP after partial nephrectomy. He has been successfully treated by angiographic selective embolization. This complication is rare but potentially life threatening. We describe its clinical and radiological diagnosis, and its management along with the current medical literature.

[Carcinologic outcomes after radical prostatectomy in 81 high-risk patients]. / Résultats carcinologiques de la prostatectomie totale chez 81 patients à haut risque.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate carcinologic outcomes and biologic recurrence (BR) factor after radical prostatectomy (RP) for high-risk (HR) prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1996 and 2006, 81 consecutives RP (65 with standard lymphadenectomy) have been done by a single surgeon for HR cancer according to d'Amico classification. No patient received neo-adjuvant therapy. Minimum follow-up required was 2 years. The BR was defined by two consecutives PSA greater than 0.2 ng/ml. Forty patients required immediate adjuvant therapy. Thirty for patients required secondary therapy. A multivariate analysis have been done for the following factors: age at RP, TNM stage, pre- and postoperative PSA, Gleason score, number of positive core biopsy, number of HR factor, positive surgical margin and immediate adjuvant therapy. RESULTS: Mean age was 64 years. Median follow-up was 71 month. Forty-nine patients was pT3 (60.5 %), seven was pN+(8.7 %) and 40 had positive surgical margin (49.4 %). The 5 years biological recurrence free survival rate was 42 %. The Gleason score (p=0.003, RR=1.688, IC=1.193-2.387), the preoperative PSA (p=0.001, RR=1.06, IC=1.032-1.089) and the number of positive core biopsy (p=0.006, RR=5.316, IC=1.605-17.607) were significant independent prognostic factors for the BR. The number of HR factor, positive surgical margin and immediate adjuvant therapy were not significant independent prognostic factors for the BR. CONCLUSIONS: At 5 years, RP in HR prostate cancer allowed carcinologic control without BR in 34 patients (42 %). This result was not influenced by the number of HR factor, surgical positive margin and immediate adjuvant therapy.

[Bladder metastasis of malignant melanoma: a case report and review of literature]. / Métastases endovésicales de mélanome malin cutané : à propos d'un cas et revue de la littérature.

Metastatic malignant melanoma to the urinary bladder remains rare in clinical practice with less than 10 cases reported in the last 30 years in the literature. According to our knowledge, our case report is the first in french language.

[Value of percutaneous kidney biopsy in the management of solid renal tumours less or equal to 4 cm]. / Intérêts des ponctions biopsies rénales percutanées dans la prise en charge des tumeurs solides du rein inférieures ou égales à 4 cm.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of diagnostic percutaneous kidney biopsy of solid renal tumours less or equal to 4 cm and its impact on management. MATERIALS AND METHOD: From January 2001 to October 2006, all solid renal tumours less or equal to 4 cm were systematically assessed by CT-guided percutaneous biopsy: 66 tumours were biopsied in 65 patients (one bilateral tumour) and four patients had a second biopsy. A total of 70 biopsies were performed. RESULTS: Among the biopsies, 18% (12/66) were not contributive. Four were repeated and provided a diagnosis in 50% of cases. Two patients with non contributive biopsies were lost to follow-up. Seven benign tumours (10.9%) and 54 malignant tumours were diagnosed. The kidney biopsy diagnosed 91% (52/57) of malignant tumours and 57% (4/7) of benign tumours. The concordance between biopsy results and pathology results was 90.7% for histological type of tumour and 64% for Fuhrman nuclear grade. Histological type and tumour grade had no impact on the type of surgery performed (51 patients operated, 29 kidney-preserving procedures, by necessity in seven cases). Four patients (6.3%) in whom a benign tumour was diagnosed on biopsy were simply followed, thereby avoiding surgery. CONCLUSION: This series revealed 10.9% of benign tumours, only 57% of which were diagnosed by biopsy. Management was modified for only four patients (6.3%). Kidney biopsy remains an option in the pretreatment assessment of renal tumours less or equal to 4 cm, but cannot be proposed systematically.

[Conservative surgery for kidney cancer: Indications and results based on a review of 40 patients]. / Chirurgie conservatrice du rein pour cancer : indications et résultats. A propos d'une revue de 40 patients.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the oncological and functional results in patients treated by conservative surgery for kidney cancer and to study the intraoperative and postoperative morbidity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective, single-centre study based on 40 consecutive patients undergoing a conservative surgery for kidney cancer between March 1997 and July 2006. Patients had a mean age of 60 years (range: 26-81 years) and the surgical indication was elective in 75% of cases (n=30) and mandatory in 25% of cases (n=10). Preoperative mean creatinine and creatinine clearance were 101mol/l (53-237mol/l) and 80ml/min (35-147ml/min), respectively. Tumours were classified according to the TNM 2002 classification as stage T1a (75%), T1b (20%) and T2 (5%). Guided kidney aspiration biopsy was performed in 80% of patients. The main endpoints were positive surgical margins, local recurrence, intraoperative complications and postoperative renal function. Secondary endpoints were postoperative complications, need for blood transfusion, surgical revision, operating time and hospital stay, metastatic disease and overall and specific survival. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 13.0.1 software. RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 44 months (range: 15-134 months), one patient (2.5%) presented local recurrence. The positive surgical margin rate was 5% and overall and specific survivals were 97.5%. No metastases have been observed. Serum creatinine was increased and creatinine clearance was significantly decreased (P<0.05) after the operation, with no clinical consequences. The urinary fistula rate was 5%, blood transfusion and surgical revision were required in 5% of cases respectively, the mean operating time was 128minutes and the mean hospital stay was 8.1 days. CONCLUSION: Mandatory, relative or elective conservative kidney surgery gives functional and oncological results at least equivalent to those of radical nephrectomy, with the advantage of nephron-sparing surgery. It should be suggested as first-line procedure whenever possible, even when the contralateral kidney is healthy.

[Radical prostatectomy with bladder neck preservation: surgical margins and urinary continence]. / Prostatectomie radicale avec conservation du col vésical: marges chirurgicales et continence urinaire.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional and cancer results of radical prostatectomy with bladder neck preservation in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From January 2000 to March 2006, 194 consecutive patients underwent open retropubic radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. The bladder neck was technically preserved in 180 patients (93%). The mean age of these 180 patients was 63.2+/-6.1 years. The mean preoperative PSA was 9.38+/-6 ng/ml. The 180 patients were classified according to the Amico prognostic classification as low risk: 52.2%, intermediate risk: 37.8% and high risk: 10%. Operative specimens were examined by the same pathologist according to the Stanford technique. Positive surgical margin was defined as tumour tissue in contact with the ink of the operative specimen. For analysis of the functional results, patients were classified into three categories: continent without protection, stress incontinent, totally incontinent. Continence was evaluated at D10, one month, six months, one, two, three, four and five years. The mean follow-up was 44+/-25 months. RESULTS: This series of 180 operative specimens comprised 64 (35.6%) cases of positive surgical margins and 112 (62.2%) pT3 cancers. No positive margins were observed in the bladder neck, either alone or associated with another positive margin. Seventy-one percent of patients were continent on D10 and at one month, 85% were continent at six months and 89% were continent at one year. Two cases of anastomotic stenosis were observed (1.2%). CONCLUSION: Bladder neck preservation during open retropubic radical prostatectomy allows early continence in more than 70% of cases without increasing the risk of positive surgical margins.

Prostatic abscess due to Candida tropicalis.

Fungal urinary tract infection represents a high-risk event in severely ill patients. We report a case of a prostatic abscess due to Candida tropicalis with no systemic manifestations. In first time, a conservative treatment with antifungal treatment and transrectal ultrasound-guided drainage was performed without success. Transurethral resection was required for drainage with a favourable course.