[Approximation analysis in the study of the epidemiology of the epistaxis]. / Approksimatsionnyi analiz v izuchenii epidemiologii nosovykh krovotechenii.

Epistaxis or nosebleeds (NB) are the most common emergency pathology that otorhinolaryngologists have to deal with. Purpose of the work: to study the prevalence of patients with NB in the otorhinolaryngological departments of hospitals in Moscow from 2003 to 2019. The reports of the heads of the ENT departments of the city clinical hospitals in Moscow were studied. Inclusion criteria were hospitals working with an adult contingent of patients. An approximation analysis was carried out and trend indicators of the prevalence of NB were studied. RESULTS: 2003 to 2019 the total number of patients treated in ENT hospitals was 563 189 people, 20 623 (3.7%) patients were treated with NB, of which 52 (0.25%) died. The average age of the deceased was 64.7 years, men are 73.7% more prevalent than women. In 96.2% of patients, epistaxis was a complication of the underlying disease, and in 3.8%, it was regarded as a concomitant condition. In 30.8% of the deceased, NB recurred with the background of malignant lesions of the nose and nasopharynx, in 69.2% - posthemorrhagic anemia aggravated diseases of other organs and systems. Over the past 17 years, there has been a tendency for the growth of treated patients with diseases of ENT organs and patients with nosebleeds by 58.5% and 51.1%, respectively. The studied approximation of the relative prevalence and mortality rates in patients with NB showed that for the period from 2003 to 2019. trend values are practically at the same level with the minimum multidirectional linear dynamics - -0.24% and +0.04%, respectively.

[Sintopy of the distal end of the nasolacrimal duct detected by means of the vector analysis of the CT-identified anatomical features of the nasal cavity]. / Sintopiia distal'nogo kontsa nososleznogo kanala po dannym vektornogo analiza KT-anatomii polosti nosa.

The objective of the present work was to study syntopy of the distal end of the nasolacrimal duct based on the results of the vector analysis of the CT-identified anatomical features of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses in 102 patients (204 nasolacrimal channels). The main criterion for inclusion in the study was the absence of traumatic injuries and inflammatory changes in the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses. X-ray studies of the distal end of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD), turbinate crest (crista conchalis), the edge of the nasal aperture, and the floor of the nasal cavity were carried out. The vector and angle measurements were made with respect to the bottom of the nasal cavity in the perpendicular and parallel planes. The study has demonstrated that the distal end of the nasolacrimal duct was located 3.49 mm above the level of crista conchalis of the maxillary bone 19.77 mm and 22.04 mm apart from the edge of the aperture of the nose in the individuals younger than 20 years and in the older subjects respectively. Syntopy of the distal end of NLD relative to the bottom of the nasal cavity did not depend on the sex and age of the patients and was localized at a depth of 13.93 mm from the edge of the aperture of the bone and 11.86 mm above the bottom of the nose.

[The clinical observation of NK/T-cell lymphoma of the nasal type]. / Klinicheskoe nabliudenie NK/T-kletochnoi limfomy nazal'nogo tipa.

The objective of the present work was to present the results of the clinical analysis of the patient presenting with natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma of the nasal type. We undertook the analysis of the medical documentation concerning the case of interest. It was shown that the development of progressive perforation of the nasal septum and the pronounced destructive changes in the intranasal and adjacent structures following the endonasal surgical interventions made necessary differential diagnostics between the condition under consideration and certain latent disorders (such as Wegener's granulomatosis, leprosy, syphilis, leishmaniasis, dirofilariasis tuberculosis, etc.). The study has demonstrated that the negative results of the analysis imply the necessity of special attention to the possibility of development of oncological diseases including hematological disorders (e.g. NK/T-cell lymphoma) and the repeat careful follow-up examination of the patients by the experienced experts.