RESUMO
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Sc) belongs to the medicinal plants with an important source of phenolic compounds. Sc has been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Methylmercury (MeHg), a highly toxic environmental pollutant, induces oxidative stress and dysfunction in many cell types. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous seed extract of Sc (ASc) on MeHg-induced toxicity in rats. Two-day-old rats (P2) received a single dose of MeHg (10 mg/kg) and two doses of ASc (0.9 mg/kg) per os. After two days, the effects of the treatment were investigated in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, kidney, liver and urine samples. Our results demonstrated that N-acetyl-ß-D: -glucosaminidase (NAG) activity in the kidney and urine, the lipid peroxidation levels in the liver and kidney samples, as well as the adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in the hippocampus, kidney and liver were higher in MeHg-group when compared to the control group. The administration of ASc reverted the toxic effects of MeHg. It is noteworthy to observe that the main compounds present in the ASc, as gallic acid (the major component), chlorogenic acid and rutin, might be the responsible for such benefit, since they were found to display antioxidant properties.
Assuntos
Compostos de Metilmercúrio/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sementes/química , Syzygium/química , Adenosina Desaminase/metabolismo , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Cerebral/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Cerebral/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Ratos , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMO
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a syndrome associated with administration of antipsychotics drugs and may be a consequence of a free radical increase. Ilex paraguariensis (IP), rich in polyphenols, is used to prepare a tea-like beverage, the "mate", and has been investigated for its antioxidant action. Here, we examined the aqueous extract of IP on in vitro TBARS production and in vivo study, using two behavioral models, i.e., haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia (evaluated measuring vacuous chewing movements, VCMs) and memory dysfunction, evaluated in a water-maze task. In vitro, we examine different concentrations of IP against the basal, Fe(II) and sodium nitruproside-induced TBARS production in rat brain homogenate. IP extract was able to prevent the basal formation of TBARS (IC50 = 6.6 mg/ml) and TBARS induced by SNP (IC50 = 3.7 mg/ml) and Fe(II) (IC50= 4.8 mg/ml). Haloperidol administration (12 mg/kg/week, im, x4 weeks) increased VCMs (p <0.001). Rats treated with mate (50 g/l, ad libitum, 60 days) did not exhibit the increase in VCMs observed in control rats treated with haloperidol (p <0.001). In the water maze task, haloperidol treated animals displayed an impairment in memory acquisition (p <0.05) compared to rats treated with vehicle. The "mate" prevented the effects of haloperidol in this behavioral paradigm. Our results indicate that IP exhibits an antioxidant role probably related to the presence of polyphenols. The benefit of IP is possibly related to an indirect modulation of oxidative stress.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Ilex paraguariensis , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos dos Movimentos/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Animais , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Haloperidol/efeitos adversos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos da Memória/induzido quimicamente , Movimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos dos Movimentos/etiologia , Preparações de Plantas , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Ilex paraguariensis is used in Brazil as a stimulating beverage called "mate". Leaves and immature fruit extracts of Ilex paraguariensis were evaluated for their radical scavenging capacity, total methylxanthine and polyphenol contents. Antimicrobial activity of two enriched saponin fractions obtained from the fruits were also evaluated. The radical scavenging activity of the fractioned extracts was determined spectrophotometrically using 1,1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH). The IC50o of L-ascorbic acid, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions from the leaves and ethyl acetate fraction from the fruits were 6.48 microg/mL, 13.26 microg/mL, 27.22 microg/mL, and 285.78 microg/mL, respectively. Total methylxanthine content was 1.16 +/- 0.06 mg/g dry weight in the fruits and 8.78 +/- 0.01 mg/g in the leaves. Total polyphenol content varied from 86.82 +/- 3 x 10(-4) to 199.91 +/- 3 x 10(-3) mg/g in leaf fractions and from 54.25 +/- 1 x 10(-3) to 110.36 +/- 4 x 10(-4) mg/g in fruit fractions. Enriched saponin fractions from the fruits showed no antimicrobial activity. To our knowledge, this are the first data available on the antioxidant/antimicrobial activities and polyphenol/methylxanthine contents of Ilex paraguariensis fruits.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/química , Flavonoides/química , Frutas/química , Ilex paraguariensis/química , Fenóis/química , Xantinas/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Compostos de Bifenilo , Brasil , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fenóis/farmacologia , Picratos/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Polifenóis , Saponinas/química , Saponinas/farmacologia , Xantinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the repellent effect of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) and andiroba (Carapa guianensis) essential oils on two species of flies (Haemotobia irritans and Chrysomya megacephala). For the in vitro studies, free-living adult flies were captured and reared in the laboratory. To verify the repellency effect, an apparatus was constructed where H. irritans and C. megacephala were exposed to andiroba and tea tree oils (5.0%), as well as to a known repellent (citronella, 5.0%) to validate the test. The study demonstrated that all three oils used showed in vitro repellent effect against both species of flies. It is possible to conclude that the essential oils (tea tree and andiroba) have repellent effect on these species of flies used in this study.
Assuntos
Dípteros/efeitos dos fármacos , Repelentes de Insetos/farmacologia , Melaleuca/química , Meliaceae/química , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Animais , Repelentes de Insetos/isolamento & purificação , Óleos de Plantas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Caffeine and theobromine were identified and quantified in leaf epicuticular waxes of Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. (Aquifoliaceae). The total epicuticular leaf wax content was ca. 0.5% on average of dry leaf weight. Epicuticular caffeine and theobromine contents varied from 0.16 to 127.6 microg/mg and from 0 to 9.5 microg/mg of wax, respectively. For some selected samples, the intracellular methylxanthine concentration was also determined. A positive correlation was found between inner and epicuticular caffeine contents.
Assuntos
Cafeína/isolamento & purificação , Teobromina/isolamento & purificação , Cafeína/química , Calibragem , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Teobromina/químicaRESUMO
Resveratrol and curcumin are natural antioxidants found in the human diet that have been used in the prevention and treatment of different diseases associated with oxidative stress. Aiming to improve the antioxidant effects of resveratrol and curcumin, lipid-core nanocapsules containing the combination of both polyphenols were developed. Physicochemical characteristics were evaluated and compared to the formulations containing each polyphenol individually. Co-encapsulation did not influence nanotechnological characteristics, and all formulations presented mean diameter around 200 nm, low polydispersity index, and encapsulation efficiency close to 100%. Nanoencapsulation increases the photostability of resveratrol and curcumin, and co-encapsulation improves resveratrol photostability. The in vitro antioxidant activity of polyphenols against HO radicals was enhanced by nanoencapsulation, and a better effect was observed after their co-nanoencapsulation. Also, nanocapsules exhibited controlled release profile, for both polyphenols. The results showed that the strategy to co-encapsulate resveratrol and curcumin is a promising approach to improve the performance of medicines used to prevent and treat diseases associated with oxidative stress.
Assuntos
Curcumina/administração & dosagem , Lipídeos/química , Nanocápsulas/química , Estilbenos/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Radicais Livres , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Inflamação , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Nanopartículas/química , Nanotecnologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Tamanho da Partícula , Polifenóis/química , ResveratrolRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Sandpaper [Ficus exasperata Vahl (Moraceae)] leaf has been reportedly used in folklore for the management/treatment of cardiovascular diseases with little/or no scientific basis for their action. This study sought to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of sandpaper leaf on angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) activity in hypercholesterolemia as well as the effect of their phenolic extract on this enzyme in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The phenolic extract was prepared, then, the inhibitory effect of the leaf extract on ACE was determined in vitro. Thereafter, the effect of dietary supplementation of sandpaper leaf on angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) activity in high cholesterol diet fed rats for 14 days was evaluated as well as some biochemical parameters. RESULTS: The result revealed that under in vitro condition, the phenolic extract inhibited ACE (IC50=14.7µg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner (0-10µg/mL). Feeding high cholesterol diets to rats caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in the ACE activity. However, there was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the ACE activity as a result of supplementation with the sand paper leaves. Furthermore, there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in the plasma lipid profile with a concomitant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content in rat liver and heart tissues. However, supplementing the diet with sandpaper leaf (either 10% or 20%) caused a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (LDL-C), and in MDA content in the tissues. Conversely, supplementation caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level when compared with the control diet. Reversed phase HPLC analysis of the extract revealed Quercitrin (43.7mg/g), chlorogenic acid (42.8mg/g) and caffeic acid (33.9mg/g) as the major phenolics in the leaf. CONCLUSION: The inhibition of ACE activity and prevention of hypercholesterolemia by sandpaper leaf could be part of the possible mechanism underlying its anti-hypertensive property which could lay credence to its use in folk medicine. However, these activities may be directly/indirectly attributed to the polyphenolics present.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/farmacologia , Hipercolesterolemia/tratamento farmacológico , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/administração & dosagem , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Colesterol na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ficus/química , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Lipídeos/sangue , Medicina Tradicional , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenóis/administração & dosagem , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Folhas de Planta , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
In addition to phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, alkaloids and condensed tannins, our tests identified the antioxidant and genotoxic properties in the crude extract (CE) and fractions of Urera baccifera (Urticaceae) roots and leaves. Oxalic acid (OA) content was determined by HPLC-DAD, which presented high values in the roots (1.82 ± 0.21, 1.79 ± 0.22 and 1.38 ± 0.15 mg/g in butanolic, CE and ethyl acetate fraction, respectively). OA caused a 30.7% reduction in the leucocyte proliferation, followed by butanolic fractions of roots (24.15%) and leaves (23.28%). The mitotic index was lower in butanolic fractions of leaves (8.7%) and roots (8.3%), similar to the OA index, which was 6.0%. The DNA damage index in cultured leukocytes was observed for OA (19.33) and butanol fraction treatments (22.67 and 16, respectively, for leaves and roots). Antioxidant capacity (DPPH and TBARS) was moderated, which was confirmed by the low phenolic, flavonol and flavonoid contents in both parts of the plant.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Fenóis/farmacologia , Urticaceae/química , Antioxidantes/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Flavonoides/química , Leucócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Fenóis/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Raízes de Plantas/químicaRESUMO
This study is designed to examine the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from Buddleja thyrsoides Lam leaves from south Brazil. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis resulted in the detection of 12 components, representing 91.4% of the total oil composition. Germacrene D (27.16%), 1,10-di-epi-Cubenol (13.37%), α-Cadinol (12.95%), Bicyclogermacrene (9.00%), Globulol (8.59%) and caryophylene E (5.26%) were the main components. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the composition of essential oil of the B. thyrsoides collected in Brazil.
Assuntos
Buddleja/química , Óleos Voláteis/análise , Folhas de Planta/química , Óleos de Plantas/análise , Sesquiterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Destilação , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Sesquiterpenos/químicaRESUMO
The species Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze (Amaranthaceae) is a perennial herbaceous plant widely distributed in Brazil's eastern beaches and certain Amazonian regions. Crude ethanolic (70%) extract, fractions (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanolic) and the mixture isolated were investigated regarding their content of total phenolic compounds by Folin-Ciocalteau assay. Total phenolic contents varied from 29.0 to 56.6 mg/g (dry fraction). The scavenging capacity of the extract, fractions and mixture isolated was characterised by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method. Only ethyl acetate fraction exhibited a modest scavenging capacity (SC50 = 163.00 µg/mL and SC% = 64.29% at 250 µg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner. Crude extract, dichloromethane and butanolic fractions presented a very weak scavenging capacity (SC% ≤ 40% at 250 µg/mL). A correlation between the antioxidant activity and the total phenolic contents could not be observed. The fractionation and purification of dichloromethane fraction evidenced the presence of a mixture of ß-sitosterol, stigmasterol and spinasterol, which was identified by NMR methods and compared with literature data. Results of this study demonstrated for the first time the antioxidant activity of A. brasiliana.
Assuntos
Amaranthaceae/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Triterpenos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Fenóis/químicaRESUMO
The antioxidant effects of the hydro-alcoholic guaraná extract (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis Mart.) on nitric oxide (NO) and other compounds generated from the degradation of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in an embryonic fibroblast culture (NIH-3T3 cells) were evaluated. The guaraná bioactive compounds were initially determined by high-performance liquid chromatography: caffeine=12.240 mg/g, theobromine=6.733 mg/g and total catechins=4.336 mg/g. Cells were exposed to 10 µM SNP during a 6 h period because the cells exhibited >90% mortality at this concentration. Guaraná was added to the cultures in five concentrations (0.5, 1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL). The guaraná antioxidant effect was evaluated by viability assays, biochemical oxidation [lipid peroxidation, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity] and genotoxicity (DNA Comet assay) analysis. Additionally, oxidative stress was evaluated by a 2,7-dihydrodichlorofluorescein diacetate fluorescence assay. Guaraná reverted the SNP toxicity mainly at lower concentrations (<5 mg), which decreased cell mortality, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and cell oxidative stress as well as increased the SOD levels. These results demonstrate that guaraná has an antioxidant effect on NO metabolism in situations with higher cellular NO levels.
Assuntos
Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Nitroprussiato/efeitos adversos , Paullinia/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Cafeína/análise , Cafeína/farmacologia , Catequina/análise , Catequina/farmacologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Ensaio Cometa , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibroblastos/citologia , Fluoresceínas/análise , Camundongos , Células NIH 3T3 , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Teobromina/análise , Teobromina/farmacologiaRESUMO
In this study we examined the acute in vivo effect and short- and long-term in vitro effects of samples from native and commercial Ilex paraguariensis on glucose homeostasis. Also, the potential effect of I. paraguariensis on serum insulin secretion was investigated. The chemical identification and quantification of methyl xanthines and polyphenols in CH2Cl2, EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions of native I. paraguariensis as well as infusions of green and roasted I. paraguariensis from a commercial source was verified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results for the serum glucose-lowering indicated that both fractions and both infusions were able to improve significantly the oral glucose tolerance curve. Additionally, both the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions induced-insulin secretion, but EtOAc induced an early (at 15 min) and late (at 60 min) biphasic peak of insulin secretion similar to glipizide stimulatory effect. Both fractions increased liver glycogen content compared with fasted normal rats. Also, EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions inhibited in vitro disaccharidases activities after an acute treatment. The maximum inhibitory effect of the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions on maltase activity (at 5 min) was around 35%. The evident reduction of protein glycation by glucose or fructose with EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions increased from 7 to 28 days of in vitro incubation. Inhibition of bovine serum albumin glycation by glucose and fructose, by around 50% and 90%, respectively, was observed. Additionally, the green and roasted mate infusions reduced the formation of AGEs in a characteristic long-term effect. In conclusion, this study shows that I. paraguariensis has an anti-hyperglycemic potential role able to improve the diabetic status and is probably a source of multiple hypoglycemic compounds.
Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Ilex paraguariensis/química , Insulina/sangue , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Xantinas/farmacologia , Animais , Bebidas , Brasil , Bovinos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Comércio , Dissacaridases/metabolismo , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Frutose/metabolismo , Glipizida/farmacologia , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/metabolismo , Glicogênio/metabolismo , Glicosilação , Homeostase/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipoglicemiantes/análise , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/química , Polifenóis/análise , Proteínas/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Valores de Referência , Albumina Sérica/metabolismo , Tempo , Xantinas/análise , alfa-Glucosidases/metabolismoRESUMO
Free radicals production and oxidative stress play a central role in injuries caused by ethanol (EtOH) on gastric mucosal. Thus, strategies to counteract EtOH toxicity are highly desirable. This study was aimed at evaluating whether Vernonia cognata extract would reduce EtOH effects in rats. Rats received Vernonia cognata extract (0, 1 and 2 g/kg bw, by gavage) 1 hour after EtOH had been administered (0 or 70%, 0.5 mL/100 g bw, by gavage) and were killed 1 hour after Vernonia cognata extract administration. The stomach was removed for macroscopic and histopathological evaluation, as well as, oxidative stress markers such as lipoperoxidation (LPO) and non-protein thiol groups (NPSH) levels and catalase (CAT) activity. EtOH acute exposure increased LPO and decreased NPSH levels and CAT activity along with macroscopic and microscopic lesions in gastric tissue, confirming the involvement of oxidative stress in EtOH toxicity. Vernonia cognata extract attenuated oxidative and histopathological features induced by EtOH at all evaluated doses. Moreover, both studied doses of Vernonia cognata extract caused an increase in NPSH levels per se. However, only the dose of 2 g/kg reverted all macroscopic changes caused by EtOH toxicity. The protective effect of the extract could be attributed to antioxidant molecules present in the extract, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, which were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thus, an antioxidant effect of the extract leads to a protection on gastric tissue. Our results indicate that Vernonia cognata hydroethanolic extract could have a beneficial role against EtOH toxicity by preventing oxidative stress and gastric tissue injury.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Etanol/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Solventes/toxicidade , Vernonia/química , Animais , Catalase/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Estômago/efeitos dos fármacos , Estômago/patologia , Gastropatias/metabolismo , Gastropatias/patologia , Gastropatias/prevenção & controleRESUMO
ABSTRACT The plant Calendula officinalis L. is widely applied due to its medicinal properties, which are mainly dermatological and ornamental. The goal of this study is to assess the phytochemical components in a hydroethanolic extract (HECO) from the leaves of Calendula officinalis L. using UV-VIS spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography (TLC), as well as to identify and quantify the components related to its antioxidant capacity employing high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC). The antioxidant capacity evaluation was performed using the DPPH method for superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. The photo-protective capacity was evaluated by UVspectrophotometry in order to determine the in vitro Sun Protection Factor(SPF). The results show the plant’s strong antioxidant activity (DPPH and hydroxyl methods), which we believe to be related to the presence of flavonoids (24.67 mg/g), polyphenols (33.90 mg/g), condensed tannins (27.30 mg/g), and the amount of rutin (37.25 mg/g), and quercetin (6.09 mg/g) found during the study. The HECO presented a good antioxidant capacity, most likely due to the polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins in its contents. However, the obtained SPF of 1.89 ± 0.05 does not allow the plant to be classified as a stand-alone sunscreen, and more studies are needed in order to test its ability to enhance sunscreens in existing cosmetic formulations.
RESUMO A Calendula officinalis L. é uma planta amplamente utilizada por suas propriedades medicinais, principalmente dermatológica e ornamental. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar constituintes fitoquímicos do extrato hidroetanólico das folhas de Calêndula officinalis L. (HECO) por espectrofotometria UV-visível e cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD), bem como detectar e quantificar os componentes relacionados com a capacidade antioxidante por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). Posteriormente, foi avaliada a capacidade antioxidante pelo método do DPPH, radicais superóxido e hidroxila. Além disso, a capacidade fotoprotetora foi avaliada através de espectrofotometria UV para determinação do Fator de Proteção Solar in vitro (FPS). Os resultados evidenciaram que a planta apresentou uma excelente atividade antioxidante para o método do DPPH e do radical hidroxila, o que pode estar relacionada com a presença de flavonoides (24,67 mg/g), polifenóis (33,90 mg/g) e taninos condensados (27,30 mg/g) e da quantidade de rutina (37,25 mg/g) e quercetina (6,09 mg/g) encontrados neste estudo. O HECO apresentou uma notável capacidade antioxidante, provavelmente devido à presença de polifenóis, flavonoides e taninos. O valor do FPS encontrado (1,89 ± 0,05), não classifica a planta como um protetor solar isolado. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários para testar a capacidade de potencializar filtros solares em formulações cosméticas.
Assuntos
Calendula/classificação , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Protetores Solares , Compostos Fenólicos/análiseRESUMO
Recombinant human albumin expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was compared with native human serum albumin in its physicochemical properties and in its use as a stabilizer in lyophilized preparations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), interleukin 15 (IL-15) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Advantages of recombinant albumin include its lack of potential human contaminants and infectious agents. When used at concentrations of 0.1-0.2% (w/v), recombinant albumin was equivalent to native serum albumin in its capacity to protect immunological, biological and biochemical properties of TSH, IL-15 and G-CSF. Physicochemical characteristics of the two forms of albumin including their binding to fatty acids were also similar. The recombinant form of albumin used in this study should be considered as a suitable stabilizer in the preparation of lyophilized products and reference reagents.