Autonomy support in physical education promotes autonomous motivation towards leisure-time physical activity: evidence from a sample of Chinese college students.

Based on the trans-contextual model, two studies aimed to test whether autonomy-supportive physical education (PE) promotes autonomous motivation towards leisure-time physical activity among Chinese college students. Study 1 was conducted in September 2015 and used a cross-sectional design. Participants were students who provided data on perceived autonomy support and motivation for physical activity. Regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Study 2 took place from September to December 2015 and employed an experimental design. Participants were PE teachers and their students. The teachers were randomized to either an intervention or a control group and those in the intervention group received a 3-month long autonomy-supportive intervention program. Their students provided data on motivation. The data were analyzed with repeated measurement analysis of variance. A total of 681 students aged 16-26 years participated in Study 1. Perceived autonomy support predicted autonomous motivation in PE (ß = 0.18, P = 0.001), which in turn predicted autonomous motivation towards leisure-time physical activity (ß = 0.51, P = 0.001). Ten PE teachers (28-53 years) and 258 students (16-26 years) participated in Study 2. Students who were educated by the intervention teachers had significantly stronger autonomous motivation towards leisure-time physical activity than students educated by the control teachers after the intervention, (F = 12.41, P = 0.001). The results suggest that PE may serve as an effective platform to promote an active lifestyle among Chinese college students when teachers provide students with an experience of autonomy.

Factors associated with the decline of psychological support in hospitalized patients with cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Many distressed cancer patients do not want or, finally, do not use psychological support. This study aimed at identifying factors associated with the decline of psychological support during hospital stay. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included inpatients with different cancer diagnoses. Distress was assessed using the short form of the Questionnaire on Stress in Cancer Patients-Revised (QSC-R10) and the Distress Thermometer (DT). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with decline. RESULTS: Of 925 patients, 71.6% (n = 662) declined psychological support. Male sex (OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.69-3.80), low psychosocial distress (OR = 3.76, CI = 2.50-5.67), not feeling depressed (OR = 1.93, CI = 1.24-2.99), perceived overload (OR = 3.37, CI = 2.19-5.20), no previous psychological treatment (OR = 1.88, CI = 1.25-2.83), and feeling well informed about psychological support (OR = 1.66, CI = 1.11-2.46) were associated with decline. Among the patients who indicated clinical distress (46.2%), 53.9% declined psychological support. Male sex (OR = 2.96, CI = 1.71-5.12), not feeling depressed (OR = 1.87, CI = 1.12-3.14), perceived overload (OR = 5.37, CI = 3.07-9.37), agreeableness (OR = 0.70, CI = 0.51-0.95), and feeling well informed about psychological support (OR = 1.81, CI = 1.07-3.07) were uniquely associated with decline in this subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: Decline of psychological support is primarily due to psychological factors. Feeling well informed about support emerged as a relevant factor associated with decline. Thus, design of informational material and education about available psychological services seem crucial.

Post-Traumatic Distress in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: an Under-Recognized Complication?

The stressful and potentially traumatic perception of repeated hospitalization, outpatient check-ups, and medical interventions places a high stress burden on patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). These experiences can lead to post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of PTSSs in adults with CHD (ACHDs) and to identify the associated risk factors. In this cross-sectional study, 234 ACHDs were recruited from November 2021 to August 2022 at a dedicated tertiary care center. Data were collected on general health, anxiety and depression, PTSSs, and on quality of life using validated and standardized questionnaires. In addition, the reasons for PTSSs were assessed using free-text responses. Overall, 17.1% to 20.5% (mean age: 35.2 ± 10.8 [18 to 66] years, 46.6% women) of the enrolled patients met the criteria for clinically relevant PTSSs related to their CHD or treatment. The associated risk factors (p <0.05) included preexisting mental distress (odds ratio [OR] 4.86), depression (OR 5.565) and anxiety (OR 3.36,), level of perceived mental distress during the traumatic event (OR 1.46), and number of medical procedures (OR 1.17). In addition, a worse clinical state was associated with more PTSSs (p = 0.018). Using free-text responses, the various reasons for PTSSs were identified, ranging from cardiac procedures to social stigma. In conclusion, the high prevalence of PTSSs calls for increased awareness of PTSSs in ACHDs in cardiovascular care. PTSSs and their associated disorder can adversely affect the manifestation and progression of cardiac disease. Thus, it is necessary to reflect upon psychocardiac prevention and intervention as an integral part of multidisciplinary cardiac care.

Individual vs. Team Sport Failure-Similarities, Differences, and Current Developments.

The construct of "choking under pressure" is concerned with the phenomenon of unexpected, sudden, and significant declines in individual athletes' performances in important situations and has received empirical attention in the field of sport psychology. Although a number of theories about the reasons for the occurrence of choking under pressure exist and several intervention approaches have been developed, underlying mechanisms of choking are still under debate and the effectiveness of existing interventions remains contested. These sudden performance declines also occur in team sport. "Collective sport team collapse," which describes the situation when an entire sport team underperforms significantly within an important competitive situation, has received less empirical attention, in comparison to individual choking research. While there are a few studies that have investigated causes of collective team collapse, understandably, there has been limited empirical investigation of preventative and intervention strategies. Although the two constructs appear to share several similar characteristics and mechanisms, research has not yet examined the conceptual, theoretical, empirical, and practical links between choking under pressure and collective sport team collapse. In this review article, we seek to examine these similarities and differences and identify new ways of thinking about future interventions. Furthermore, current empirical understandings in the field of choking under pressure and collective sport team collapse are presented and the most effective intervention approaches for both constructs are introduced. On the basis of this examination, we modestly make some initial recommendations for sport psychological practitioners and future research.

Does socioeconomic position and gender affect human-nature interactions?

Aim: The growing number of mental health problems worldwide is alarming. Encouraging human-nature interactions (HNIs) could help to tackle this issue. For this reason, the aim of the present research was to investigate certain components that promote HNI in two groups of students with different socioeconomic positions (SEPs) in Mexico. HNIs describe the direct relationship between humans and nature. HNIs are composed of elements such as connectedness to nature (CN) and commitment to the environment (CE), and are beneficial to both physical and mental health. However, the impact of CN and CE on people's lives seems to depend on their SEP, which has been investigated mainly in developed countries where SEP is less salient compared with developing countries. Methods: A survey was sent to students from two universities representing each group. A total of 210 surveys was collected. Results: The results showed no differences in CN (p = .480) and CE (p = .421) regarding SEP. However, gender differences were found with females from a low SEP showing higher levels of CN than men (p = .015) from the same SEP. For high SEP, no differences were found. In addition, men showed a higher CE than women, regardless of their SEP. Conclusion: Given the high vulnerability of women to mental health problems, it is of major importance to conduct more research considering the relationship between gender, HNI, SEP, and health in developing countries.

Psychosocial well-being in postpartum women with congenital heart disease.

Background: Improved treatment options for congenital heart disease (CHD) lead to a growing number of women with CHD at reproductive age. Due to physical and psychological burden, pregnancies in women with CHD often count for high-risk. Resulting emotional distress can adversely impact pregnancy, motherhood and fetal health. The present study aims to retrospectively investigate mental outcomes and indices of adjustment in women with CHD before, during and after pregnancy. The novel concept of illness identity is applied to explain how patients experience and integrate their CHD into their identities. Methods: Patient-reported outcome measures on mental functioning and illness identity were assessed in a sample of 121 postpartum women with CHD [mean age: 42.7±9.2 (range, 27-81) years] at the German Heart Centre Munich between August and November 2021 in a cross-sectional design. Descriptive analyses, correlations and linear regression models were calculated. Results: Retrospectively assessed prevalence of emotional distress before giving birth was high (47.0%) and peaked shortly after childbirth in terms of elevated symptoms of postpartum depression and trauma. During the course of maternity, emotional distress decreased significantly (24.1%, P<0.001). Overall, postpartum women demonstrated high scores in functional illness identity states (i.e., acceptance and enrichment) and low scores in dysfunctional states (i.e., rejection and engulfment). CHD severity was not directly associated with mental outcomes (P>0.05), whereas maternal cardiovascular risk, according to the WHO classification, was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of postpartum trauma (t=2.485, P=0.015). Conclusions: Postpartum mental health problems, such as (postpartum) depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress can become a serious burden which might be detrimental to the mother's well-being and her infant's development. Present findings emphasise the urgent need for a holistic approach focusing on pregnant women with CHD starting at the prepartum stage to prevent adverse consequences and promote maternal well-being. Illness identity might become an important target construct for clinical practice as it may positively and enduringly influence mental well-being of pregnant women with CHD.

Quality of life in patients with Fabry's disease: a cross-sectional study of 86 adults.

Background: Fabry disease (FD) is a multi-organ disorder associated with severe physical and psychological impairments, particularly in adulthood. To date, comprehensive data on the psychological burden of FD are lacking. The present study assessed quality of life (QOL) in a representative cohort of adults with FD. Methods: Patient-reported outcome measures were retrospectively analyzed in 86 adults with FD (49.6±16.6 years; 62.8% female) and compared to adults with congenital heart defects (ACHD) which is another lifelong disease and affliction. QOL was assessed using the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 5 Levels questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). Results: Subjects affected by FD reported an overall reduced QOL (EQ-VAS: 71.8±20.0). Most frequently reported complaints occurred within the dimensions pain/discomfort (69.7%), daily activities (48.9%) and anxiety/depression (45.4%). Compared to ACHD, individuals with FD scored significantly lower in the areas of pain/discomfort, usual activities and mobility (all P<0.05). Older age and female sex were particularly associated with diminished QOL (P=0.05). Conclusions: Patients with FD are at high risk for impaired QOL. They require additional support to cope with disease-related challenges. Increased attention should be directed towards improving their subjective well-being to potentially increase their QOL and long-term health outcomes.

Preventing a loss of accuracy of the tennis serve under pressure.

Dynamically squeezing the left hand (left hand dynamic handgrip) has been shown to be effective in preventing choking under pressure in right-handers in a variety of sports. The current study assessed the effectiveness of the left hand dynamic handgrip in preventing a loss of accuracy of tennis serves in competitive situations. Twenty right-handed highly skilled junior athletes performed eight tennis serves at a target without pressure (pre-test), followed by eight serves under pressure (post-test). Ten of the participants conducted the left hand dynamic handgrip prior to the post-test, while the other ten performed an equivalent handgrip with their right hand. The serving accuracy of the group performing the handgrip with their right hand decreased significantly from pre- to post-test, while the accuracy of the left hand dynamic handgrip group remained stable. The results indicate the left hand dynamic handgrip to be effective in preventing reduced accuracy of the tennis serve in competition situations as a form of choking under pressure. This technique could easily be integrated into tennis players' serving routines and promote stable match performance in competitions.

The Varying Effects of Dual Tasks on the Performance of Motor Skills across Practice.

Numerous previous studies using the dual-task methodology have indicated that the effect of attentional direction on the performance of motor skill differs as a function of skill levels. Whereas previous studies relied mostly on inter-individual comparisons, this study focused on how the effects of different attentional conditions change within individuals with practice. Participants were instructed to learn a short and a long keying sequence (three versus six keys) and then practiced under two block-wise alternating dual-task conditions. In each trial, a tone, either low- or high-pitched, was presented at one of the three/six keys and participants had to indicate either the pitch of the tone (extraneous dual task) or the key with which the tone was presented (skill-focused dual task) after finishing the execution of the keying sequence. Motor task performance was assessed by reaction time (RT) and movement duration (MD), and the concurrent cognitive task performance was assessed by the error rate. RT was faster in the skill-focused dual-task condition at the beginning of practice, whereas a generally shorter MD was found in the extraneous dual-task condition. The error rate in the extraneous dual task decreased with practice, whereas in the skill-focused dual task, it increased with practice. These results show that the effects of attentional direction differ not only as a function of the amount of practice but also as a function of the stage of information processing. Furthermore, our results indicate that the direction of attention alone does not explain the different patterns of performance at different skill levels seen across dual-task studies; rather, the skill levels, the nature of cognitive demands, the difficulty level of dual tasks, and the complexity of the motor skill could all drive performance differences.

Differentiating reactivity and regulation: Evidence for a role of prefrontal asymmetry in affect regulation.

Prefrontal asymmetry (PFA) has originally been referred to as "affective style" and is said to be associated with an individual's personality. Therefore, previous research has focused on finding a link between PFA and trait variables associated with affective processing, such as the behavioral activation and inhibition systems (BAS/BIS). However, recent evidence suggests that PFA might be involved in regulatory processes rather than initial affective reactions. Here, we investigated if failure-related action orientation (AOF), as a personality variable reflecting the ability to disengage from negative experiences, is related to PFA. Forty-seven participants completed two trait questionnaires to assess BAS/BIS and AOF, followed by 8 min of resting EEG measurement. Results showed that higher AOF scores predicted a higher relative left-hemispheric PFA when BAS/BIS was controlled for. The findings suggest that a suppression effect might account for the inconsistencies in the literature regarding the association between PFA and BAS/BIS.

Multisensory action effects facilitate the performance of motor sequences.

Research has shown that contingent, distinct action effects have a beneficial influence on motor sequence performance. Previous studies showed the beneficial influence of task-irrelevant action effects from one modality (auditory) on motor sequence performance, compared with no task-irrelevant action effects. The present study investigated the influence of task-irrelevant action effects on motor sequence performance from a multiple-modality perspective. We compared motor sequence performances of participants who received different task-irrelevant action effects in an auditory, visual, or audiovisual condition. In the auditory condition, key presses produced tones of a C-major scale that mapped to keys from left to right in ascending order. In the visual condition, key presses produced rectangles in different locations on the screen that mapped to keys from left to right in ascending order. In the audiovisual condition, both tone and rectangle effects were produced simultaneously by key presses. There were advantages for the audiovisual group in motor sequence initiation and execution. The results implied that, compared with unimodal action effects, action effects from multiple sensory modalities can prime an action faster and strengthen associations between successive actions, leading to faster motor sequence performance.

'Well-being paradox' revisited: a cross-sectional study of quality of life in over 4000 adults with congenital heart disease.

OBJECTIVE: The present cross-sectional study investigated quality of life (QOL) in a large cohort of German adults with congenital heart disease (ACHDs) in association with patient-related and clinical variables. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS: Between 2016 and 2019, a representative sample of 4014 adults with various forms of congenital heart defect (CHD) was retrospectively analysed. Inclusion criteria were confirmed diagnosis of CHD; participant aged 18 years and older; and necessary physical, cognitive and language capabilities to complete self-report questionnaires. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: QOL was assessed using the 5-level EQ-5D version (EQ-5D-5L). Sociodemographic and medical information was obtained by a self-devised questionnaire. Associations of QOL with patient-reported clinical and sociodemographic variables were quantified using multiple regression analysis and multiple ordinal logit models. RESULTS: Overall, ACHDs (41.8±17.2 years, 46.5% female) reported a good QOL comparable to German population norms. The most frequently reported complaints occurred in the dimensions pain/discomfort (mean: 16.3, SD: p<0.001) and anxiety/depression (mean: 14.3, p<0.001). QOL differed significantly within ACHD subgroups, with patients affected by pretricuspid shunt lesions indicating the most significant impairments (p<0.001). Older age, female sex, medication intake and the presence of comorbidities were associated with significant reductions in QOL (p<0.001). CHD severity was positively associated with QOL within the dimensions of self-care (OR 0.148, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.58) and mobility (OR 0.384, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Current findings temper widely held assumptions among clinicians and confirm that ACHDs experience a generally good QOL. However, specific subgroups may require additional support to cope with disease-related challenges. The negative correlation of QOL with age is especially alarming as the population of ACHDs is expected to grow older in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: DRKS00017699; Results.

Lessons from the short- and mid-term outcome of medical rehabilitation in adults with congenital heart disease.

BACKGROUND: The number of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) is steadily increasing. Over their life-time, many of the affected patients require medical rehabilitation after interventional or surgical treatment of residua, sequels or complications of their congenital heart defect (CHD). However, up to now only scarce data exist about indication, performance and outcomes of cardiac rehabilitation in ACHD. METHODS: The course and outcome of rehabilitation after previous interventional or surgical treatment in ACHD was analyzed in a retrospective cohort study. RESULTS: Two hundred and five ACHD {54% female; mean age 34±12 [16-68] years} with mild (23.9%), moderate (35.1%) or severe CHD (41.0%), of whom 32% had complex CHD, 21% right-ventricular outflow tract obstructions, 20% pre-tricuspid shunts, 18% left heart or aortic anomalies, 9% post-tricuspid shunts and 2% other congenital cardiac anomalies were included into analysis. The main indications for rehabilitation were a preceding surgical (92%) or interventional (3%) treatment of the underlying CHD immediately before rehabilitation. During rehabilitation, no severe complications occurred. The number of patients in function class I/II increased from 189 to 200 and decreased in class III/IV from 16 to 5. Cardiac medication could be reduced or stopped after rehabilitation in 194 patients, with the exception of ACE-inhibitors. There was an improvement in cardiovascular risk factors. While before medical treatment 77% (n=157) patients were capable of working, the number increased to 82% [168] at the end of rehabilitation. Throughout a follow-up 9.3% (n=19) of patients needed further cardiac interventions. CONCLUSIONS: The current study provided for the first time comprehensive data on the course of rehabilitation in a large cohort of ACHD after surgical or interventional treatment. The overall outcome of ACHD after rehabilitation was uneventful and favorable. Further research is required to assess the clinical long-term outcome, the impact of rehabilitation on the quality of life, disease coping and employment. The results of this study can serve as a benchmark for the development of specific rehabilitation programs in ACHD.

Quality of life in patients with Marfan syndrome: a cross-sectional study of 102 adult patients.

BACKGROUND: Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetically determined multiorgan disease that leads to severe physiological and psychological impairments in adult life. Little consensus exists regarding quality of life (QOL) in individuals with MFS. The present study sought to investigate QOL in a representative cohort of adults with MFS. METHODS: Patient-reported outcome measures from a representative sample of 102 adults with MFS (39.3±13.1 years of age; 40.2% female) were retrospectively analyzed and compared with those from adults with different congenital heart defects (CHD), at the German Heart Center Munich. QOL was assessed using the updated five-level version of the EQ-5D. RESULTS: Differences between both populations were analyzed. Subjects affected by MFS reported an overall reduced QOL. Compared to CHD patients, individuals with MFS scored significantly lower in the dimensions of pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression, mobility and usual activities (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with MFS are at high risk for impaired QOL, especially in mental and physical domains. Psychosocial consequences of MFS cost resources for both, patients and professionals. Current findings highlight the great importance of additional psychological support to cope with disease-related challenges. Increased attention should be directed towards enhancing their subjective wellbeing to potentially improve their QOL and long-term health outcomes.

The Testing of a Four-Dimensional Model of Athlete Leadership and Its Relation to Leadership Effectiveness.

Athlete leadership researchers have typically investigated three dimensions of athlete leadership behaviors, which include the meta-categories of task-, social-, and external-oriented leadership. More recently, motivational leadership was added as a fourth dimension. Researchers in organizational leadership have advanced another dimension, referred to as change-oriented leadership (Yukl, 2012). Therefore, in the present study, we tested a four-dimensional model that includes the dimensions of task-, social-, external-, and change-oriented leadership. Two samples of 161 athletes and 69 coaches rated every player on their team on the four-dimensional model and on perceived athlete leadership effectiveness. A multilevel regression analysis showed that all four dimensions of athlete leadership significantly predicted perceived athlete leadership effectiveness for players and three dimensions (i.e., social-, task-, and change-oriented leadership) for coaches. These results support the importance of change-oriented leadership in relation to athlete leadership.

Psychological Predictors for Depression and Burnout Among German Junior Elite Athletes.

There exists a strong need for research in clinical sport psychology which does not merely gather information on prevalence rates for psychological disorders and case studies of affected athletes. Rather, research should also uncover the underlying psychological variables which increase the risk for depression and burnout in elite athletes. Many studies gather general factors (e.g., gender, injury, sport discipline) and stay on a more descriptive level. Both constructs (burnout and depression) are based on a temporal, stress-related process model assuming the development of either syndrome results from unfavorable personal (e.g., dysfunctional attitudes, perfectionism, negative coping strategies) or environmental (e.g., cohesion) factors coexisting with severe stressors (i.e., chronic stress). Integrating this knowledge, we propose a shared model for depression and burnout in athletes: a sport specific diathesis-stress model. The present longitudinal study assesses data throughout one sporting season to analyze predictors for both constructs in junior elite athletes. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses resulted in six predictors for best model fit. The following factors demonstrated a significant impact on predicting (a) burnout or (b) depression scores at the end of the season: dysfunctional attitudes (a and b), coping strategies (a and b), perfectionism (a), recovery (b), stress (a) and the level of depression at onset (b). Variables such as cohesion or attributional style did not significantly predict depression or burnout. The study supports the structure of a process model (diathesis-stress model) for burnout and depression with the assumption of temporal progression. With some vulnerabilities and their temporal, developmental link identified, prevention can become athlete-specific, effective and economical.

Dealing with failure: Prefrontal asymmetry predicts affective recovery and cognitive performance.

Individuals differ in how they deal with their emotions after failure. While some stay in a negative mood for hours, others recover quickly. The present study investigates whether prefrontal alpha asymmetry (PFA) influences affective recovery and cognitive performance following failure. Forty-seven participants completed two mental rotation tasks separated by a short break and received negative feedback on their performance. Electroencephalographic (EEG) data was collected before the first task and affective and cognitive changes were tracked using visual analogue scales throughout the experiment. In participants that felt upset, higher right-hemispheric PFA was associated with a persistence of negative affect. These participants showed poor performance on the second task. The findings suggest that PFA is a vulnerability factor that prevents individuals from regaining their initial affective state and impairs their cognitive performance.

Effects of the unilateral dynamic handgrip on resting cortical activity levels: A replication and extension.

Previous studies have linked unilateral hand contractions to subsequent changes in hemispheric asymmetric activity, as reflected in the electroencephalographic alpha (8-12 Hz) range in each hemisphere. However, debate continues regarding the state of asymmetry induced by unilateral contractions. We have previously found a bilateral enhancement of alpha amplitude that occurs after contractions, reflecting cortical downregulation instead of changes in asymmetric activity. To corroborate our observations, we examined the effects of 45 s of unilateral dynamic handgrip contractions on subsequent resting alpha activity. Twenty-two right-handed participants were recruited (M = 25 years, 17 female). The study used a within-subjects design consisting of a pre- and post-test (2 min resting; eyes open) for the intervention (dynamic handgrip; at a self-determined pace of approximately twice a second for 45 s for each hand). Following the handgrip task, an increase in alpha amplitude above the baseline was observed over the entire cortex, which was greater after left-hand squeezing. This observation confirms our previous findings and we have extended them by adding more electrodes to gain further insights into the handgrip exercise as an external brain stimulator. Moreover, we grouped electrodes according to scalp regions to facilitate the visualization of the effects on the frequency spectrum. Our findings can be used to develop targeted interventions aimed at modifying behavioral outcomes affected by alpha activity.

Investigating cumulative effects of pre-performance routine interventions in beach volleyball serving.

Pre-performance routines (PPRs) can be used in certain sports to minimize the effects of choking under pressure. This study aimed to investigate the cumulative effectiveness of PPR interventions on the accuracy of beach volleyball serves. Fifty-four beach volleyball players were randomly assigned to one of three PPR intervention groups or a control group. Participants performed 10 serves at a target on the opposite side of the beach volleyball court (pretest), were educated on a PPR intervention, and then completed 10 serves at the target under pressure that was induced through videotaping and ego-relevant instructions (posttest). The results indicated no difference in post-test serving accuracy among the intervention groups and the wait-list control group and no difference in effectiveness between cumulative and isolated PPR use. A possible explanation may be the inefficiency of the pressure manipulation. However, the null results related to isolated and cumulative PPR use under general (i.e., no pressure) conditions are still an important research finding. Future research should investigate the effectiveness of cumulative and other PPRs in other sports in general and under pressure.

Corrigendum: Influence of Organized vs Non Organized Physical Activity on School Adaptation Behavior.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.550952.].