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1.
N Engl J Med ; 381(25): 2403-2415, 2019 12 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31562800

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Data are limited regarding the use of poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, such as veliparib, in combination with chemotherapy followed by maintenance as initial treatment in patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. METHODS: In an international, phase 3, placebo-controlled trial, we assessed the efficacy of veliparib added to first-line induction chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel and continued as maintenance monotherapy in patients with previously untreated stage III or IV high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive chemotherapy plus placebo followed by placebo maintenance (control), chemotherapy plus veliparib followed by placebo maintenance (veliparib combination only), or chemotherapy plus veliparib followed by veliparib maintenance (veliparib throughout). Cytoreductive surgery could be performed before initiation or after 3 cycles of trial treatment. Combination chemotherapy was 6 cycles, and maintenance therapy was 30 additional cycles. The primary end point was investigator-assessed progression-free survival in the veliparib-throughout group as compared with the control group, analyzed sequentially in the BRCA-mutation cohort, the cohort with homologous-recombination deficiency (HRD) (which included the BRCA-mutation cohort), and the intention-to-treat population. RESULTS: A total of 1140 patients underwent randomization. In the BRCA-mutation cohort, the median progression-free survival was 34.7 months in the veliparib-throughout group and 22.0 months in the control group (hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28 to 0.68; P<0.001); in the HRD cohort, it was 31.9 months and 20.5 months, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.57; 95 CI, 0.43 to 0.76; P<0.001); and in the intention-to-treat population, it was 23.5 months and 17.3 months (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.83; P<0.001). Veliparib led to a higher incidence of anemia and thrombocytopenia when combined with chemotherapy as well as of nausea and fatigue overall. CONCLUSIONS: Across all trial populations, a regimen of carboplatin, paclitaxel, and veliparib induction therapy followed by veliparib maintenance therapy led to significantly longer progression-free survival than carboplatin plus paclitaxel induction therapy alone. The independent value of adding veliparib during induction therapy without veliparib maintenance was less clear. (Funded by AbbVie; VELIA/GOG-3005 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02470585.).


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Benzimidazóis/uso terapêutico , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/uso terapêutico , Administração Oral , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Benzimidazóis/efeitos adversos , Carboplatina/administração & dosagem , Terapia Combinada , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/genética , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/cirurgia , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Genes BRCA1 , Genes BRCA2 , Humanos , Análise de Intenção de Tratamento , Quimioterapia de Manutenção , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/cirurgia , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/efeitos adversos , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Qualidade de Vida
2.
Br J Clin Pharmacol ; 88(7): 3182-3192, 2022 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35029306

RESUMO

AIMS: Patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) who progress after platinum-based chemotherapy have a poor prognosis, and there is a medical need to improve current treatment options. Ramucirumab plus docetaxel significantly improved progression-free survival but not overall survival (OS) in platinum-refractory advanced UC (RANGE trial; NCT02426125). Here, we report the exposure-response (ER) of ramucirumab plus docetaxel using data from the RANGE trial. METHODS: Pharmacokinetic (PK) samples were collected (cycle 1-3, 5, 9 [day 1] and 30 days from treatment discontinuation), and PK data were analysed using population PK (popPK) analysis. The minimum ramucirumab concentration after first dose administration (Cmin,1 , or trough concentration immediately prior to the second dose) was derived by popPK analysis and used as the exposure parameter for ER analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression models and matched case-control analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between Cmin,1 and OS. The Cmin,1 relationship with safety was assessed descriptively. RESULTS: Several poor prognostic factors (ECOG 1, haemoglobin concentration <100 g/L, presence of liver metastases) appeared more frequently in the lower exposure quartiles, suggesting a possible disease-PK interaction. A significant association was identified between Cmin,1 and OS (P = .0108). Higher exposure quartiles were associated with longer survival and smaller hazard ratios compared to placebo. No new exposure-safety trends were observed within the exposure range (ramucirumab 10 mg/kg once every 3 weeks). CONCLUSIONS: This prespecified ER analyses suggests a positive relationship between efficacy and ramucirumab exposure, with an imbalance associated with disease prognostic factors. Further investigation may elucidate a possible disease-PK relationship.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células de Transição , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/tratamento farmacológico , Docetaxel , Humanos , Platina/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Ramucirumab
3.
Invest New Drugs ; 39(6): 1613-1623, 2021 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34264412

RESUMO

Background We report a Phase 1 study of LY3076226, an antibody-drug conjugate composed of human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against the human FGFR3 attached with a cleavable linker to the maytansine derivative DM4 in patients with advanced or metastatic cancer. Methods This study was comprised of two parts: (A) dose escalation in patients with advanced or metastatic cancer and (B) dose expansion in patients with urothelial carcinoma with locally determined FGFR3 alterations. The dose range of LY3076226 tested was 0.2-5.0 mg/kg as an intravenous infusion on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle. The primary objective was to determine a recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). Results Twenty-five patients were enrolled (Part A: 22, Part B: 3) and received ≥ 1 dose of LY3076226. No dose-limiting toxicities were reported. LY3076226 was generally well tolerated; most of the toxicities were Grade 1 or 2. Two patients experienced treatment-related Grade 3 toxicity (embolism and decreased platelet count). Four patients experienced serious adverse events (not treatment-related), all in Part A. Dose-proportional exposure was observed, with an estimated half-life of 2-7 days. No responses were seen with LY3076226 treatment. Stable disease persisting for > 6 months was observed in 1 patient receiving 3.2 mg/kg of LY3076226. Conclusion The study demonstrates acceptable safety and tolerability of LY3076226 up to the 5.0 mg/kg dose. Recruitment was stopped due to pipeline prioritization. Dose escalation of LY3076226 beyond 5.0 mg/kg in patients with advanced tumors may be possible. The trial was registered on August 19, 2015 under identifier NCT02529553 with ClinicalTrials.gov.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Antineoplásicos , Imunoconjugados , Maitansina , Neoplasias , Receptor Tipo 3 de Fator de Crescimento de Fibroblastos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Área Sob a Curva , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Meia-Vida , Imunoconjugados/administração & dosagem , Imunoconjugados/efeitos adversos , Imunoconjugados/farmacocinética , Imunoconjugados/uso terapêutico , Dose Máxima Tolerável , Maitansina/administração & dosagem , Maitansina/efeitos adversos , Maitansina/farmacocinética , Taxa de Depuração Metabólica , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/patologia , Receptor Tipo 3 de Fator de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias Urológicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Urológicas/patologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/farmacocinética
4.
Gynecol Oncol ; 161(2): 512-515, 2021 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33610319

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate how women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), dichotomized by BRCA status, tolerate intravenous (IV) or intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy given with veliparib and bevacizumab (bev) on a GOG phase I study (GOG 9923, NCT00989651). METHODS: This is an unplanned, post hoc analysis of an IRB approved, multi-institutional, prospective study (GOG 9923). Clinical characteristics and toxicity data based on BRCA status were evaluated and descriptive statistics were used to summarize baseline patient characteristics and toxicities. The Kaplan Meier method was used to generate survival estimates. RESULTS: Four hundred twenty-four patients were evaluable. Patients were treated with IV carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bev every 21 days (regimen 1), weekly IV paclitaxel with carboplatin and bev (regimen 2) or IV paclitaxel and bev with IP cisplatin (regimen 3). Bev was continued as maintenance in all arms. Within each of these regimens, veliparib was given either twice daily for the entirety of each cycle (continuous) or on days -2 to 5 (intermittent). Ten percent of patients treated on regimen 1, 12% on regimen 2, and 19.8% on regimen 3 had BRCA-associated tumors. Patients with BRCA-associated tumors, when compared to wild type, experienced similar rates of anemia, febrile neutropenia (, abdominal pain, colonic perforation, nausea, vomiting, and peripheral sensory neuropathy. Median progression free survival (PFS) was not significantly different between BRCA-associated and wild type cancers (HR 0.96, CI 0.65-1.42), though this study's primary aim was not to evaluate outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Germline BRCA mutations positively affect chemosensitivity in EOC, but whether differences in toxicities among BRCA-associated and BRCA wild type tumors existed was previously not reported. In this population with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer no differences in reported toxicity between the two groups was observed.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Benzimidazóis/administração & dosagem , Benzimidazóis/efeitos adversos , Bevacizumab/administração & dosagem , Bevacizumab/efeitos adversos , Carboplatina/administração & dosagem , Carboplatina/efeitos adversos , Ensaios Clínicos Fase I como Assunto , Feminino , Genes BRCA1 , Genes BRCA2 , Doenças Hematológicas/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Hematológicas/genética , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Paclitaxel/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos
5.
Lancet Oncol ; 21(1): 105-120, 2020 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31753727

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Ramucirumab-an IgG1 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 antagonist-plus docetaxel was previously reported to improve progression-free survival in platinum-refractory, advanced urothelial carcinoma. Here, we report the secondary endpoint of overall survival results for the RANGE trial. METHODS: We did a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial in patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who progressed during or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients were enrolled from 124 investigative sites (hospitals, clinics, and academic centres) in 23 countries. Previous treatment with one immune checkpoint inhibitor was permitted. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) using an interactive web response system to receive intravenous ramucirumab 10 mg/kg or placebo 10 mg/kg volume equivalent followed by intravenous docetaxel 75 mg/m2 (60 mg/m2 in Korea, Taiwan, and Japan) on day 1 of a 21-day cycle. Treatment continued until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or other discontinuation criteria were met. Randomisation was stratified by geographical region, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status at baseline, and visceral metastasis. Progression-free survival (the primary endpoint) and overall survival (a key secondary endpoint) were assessed in the intention-to-treat population. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02426125; patient enrolment is complete and the last patient on treatment is being followed up for safety issues. FINDINGS: Between July 20, 2015, and April 4, 2017, 530 patients were randomly allocated to ramucirumab plus docetaxel (n=263) or placebo plus docetaxel (n=267) and comprised the intention-to-treat population. At database lock (March 21, 2018) for the final overall survival analysis, median follow-up was 7·4 months (IQR 3·5-13·9). In our sensitivity analysis of investigator-assessed progression-free survival at the overall survival database lock, median progression-free survival remained significantly improved with ramucirumab compared with placebo (4·1 months [95% CI 3·3-4·8] vs 2·8 months [2·6-2·9]; HR 0·696 [95% CI 0·573-0·845]; p=0·0002). Median overall survival was 9·4 months (95% CI 7·9-11·4) in the ramucirumab group versus 7·9 months (7·0-9·3) in the placebo group (stratified HR 0·887 [95% CI 0·724-1·086]; p=0·25). Grade 3 or worse treatment-related treatment-emergent adverse events in 5% or more of patients and with an incidence more than 2% higher with ramucirumab than with placebo were febrile neutropenia (24 [9%] of 258 patients in the ramucirumab group vs 16 [6%] of 265 patients in the placebo group) and neutropenia (17 [7%] of 258 vs six [2%] of 265). Serious adverse events were similar between groups (112 [43%] of 258 patients in the ramucirumab group vs 107 [40%] of 265 patients in the placebo group). Adverse events related to study treatment and leading to death occurred in eight (3%) patients in the ramucirumab group versus five (2%) patients in the placebo group. INTERPRETATION: Additional follow-up supports that ramucirumab plus docetaxel significantly improves progression-free survival, without a significant improvement in overall survival, for patients with platinum-refractory advanced urothelial carcinoma. Clinically meaningful benefit might be restricted in an unselected population. FUNDING: Eli Lilly and Company.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/mortalidade , Terapia de Salvação , Neoplasias Urológicas/mortalidade , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/secundário , Docetaxel/administração & dosagem , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica , Metástase Neoplásica , Platina/administração & dosagem , Prognóstico , Taxa de Sobrevida , Neoplasias Urológicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Urológicas/patologia , Ramucirumab
6.
Invest New Drugs ; 38(4): 1145-1155, 2020 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31707688

RESUMO

Purpose The primary objective was to determine the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor, prexasertib, in combination with the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, ralimetinib, which may be safely administered to patients with advanced cancer. Methods This Phase 1, nonrandomized, open-label, dose-escalation study of prexasertib+ralimetinib included patients with advanced and/or metastatic cancer, followed by a planned cohort expansion in patients with colorectal or non-small-cell lung cancer with KRAS and/or BRAF mutations. Intravenous prexasertib was administered at 60 mg/m2 (days 1 and 15 of a 28-day cycle), together with oral ralimetinib every 12 h (days 1 to 14 at 100 mg [Cohort 1, n = 3] or 200 mg [Cohort 2, n = 6]). Dose escalations for each agent were planned using a model-based 3 + 3 escalation paradigm. Safety was assessed using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.0X. Tumor response was determined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1. Results Nine patients were treated; 3 experienced dose-limiting toxicities, all in Cohort 2, prohibiting further dose escalation. The most common ≥Grade 3 adverse event was neutrophil count decreased; other reported ≥Grade 3 hematological toxicities included febrile neutropenia and anemia. The pharmacokinetics of prexasertib+ralimetinib was comparable to the monotherapy population profile for each agent. One patient achieved a best overall response of stable disease (for 2 cycles); there were no complete/partial responses. Conclusions This study did not achieve its primary objective of establishing an RP2D of combination prexasertib + ralimetinib that could be safely administered to patients with advanced cancer.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Quinase 1 do Ponto de Checagem/antagonistas & inibidores , Imidazóis/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/administração & dosagem , Pirazinas/administração & dosagem , Pirazóis/administração & dosagem , Piridinas/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Adulto , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacocinética , Feminino , Humanos , Imidazóis/farmacocinética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Biológicos , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Pirazinas/farmacocinética , Pirazóis/farmacocinética , Piridinas/farmacocinética , Resultado do Tratamento
7.
Gynecol Oncol ; 156(1): 13-22, 2020 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31708167

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Improvements in disease free survival for epithelial ovarian, peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer (EOC) will only come with improved primary therapy. Incorporation of poly-ADP-ribose inhibitors (PARPi) in the frontline setting may represent one strategy. This study sought to determine the maximum tolerated and feasible doses of the PARPi veliparib in combination with chemotherapy for EOC. METHODS: A phase I, 3 + 3 dose escalation evaluated dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) in cycles 1-2. Once <2/6 patients experienced a DLT, that dose level expanded to evaluate feasibility over 4 cycles. This study opened 10/2009 and closed 8/2016. Eligible patients had untreated, stage II-IV EOC. Veliparib was added either continuous (day 1-21) or intermittent (day - 2 to 5) during 6 cycles of chemotherapy. Three chemotherapy backbones were evaluated (2 intravenous (q3week and weekly) and 1 intraperitoneal (IP)) all inclusive of bevacizumab with and as maintenance to 22 cycles. FINDINGS: Dose evaluations for 424 treated patients were available. Regimen 1 (q3 week), continuous (Reg1c) the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 250 mg veliparib BID and feasible dose was 150 mg BID. For regimen 1, intermittent (Reg1i) the MTD and feasible dose were 400 and 250 mg BID. For Reg2c (weekly paclitaxel) the MTD and feasible dose were 150 mg BID. For Reg2i the MTD and feasible dose were 250 and 150 mg BID. For Reg3c (IP) the MTD and feasible dose were 150 mg BID and for Reg3i (IP), the MTD and feasible dose were 400 mg and 300 mg BID. INTERPRETATION: The feasible dose for Reg1c, 2c, 2i and 3c was 150 mg po BID. For Reg1i and 3i the dose was pushed to 250 and 300 mg po BID respectively. There is no apparent difference in efficacy between continuous and intermittent dosing indicating that the higher doses achieved in intermittent dosing may not be needed. (NCT00989651). FUNDING: National Cancer Institute.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias das Tubas Uterinas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Peritoneais/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Benzimidazóis/administração & dosagem , Benzimidazóis/efeitos adversos , Bevacizumab/administração & dosagem , Bevacizumab/efeitos adversos , Carboplatina/administração & dosagem , Carboplatina/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário/patologia , Cisplatino/administração & dosagem , Cisplatino/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Coortes , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Neoplasias das Tubas Uterinas/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Injeções Intravenosas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Paclitaxel/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Peritoneais/patologia , Intervalo Livre de Progressão
8.
Gynecol Oncol ; 156(1): 23-31, 2020 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31791552

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This phase 1b/2 clinical trial (NCT01663857) evaluated the efficacy of ralimetinib in combination with gemcitabine (G) and carboplatin (C), followed by maintenance ralimetinib, for patients with recurrent platinum-sensitive epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS: Phase 1b was to determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of ralimetinib administered Q12H on Days 1-10 (q21d) in combination with G (1000 mg/m2, Days 3 and 10) and C (AUC 4, Day 3) for six cycles. In phase 2, patients were randomized double-blind 1:1 to ralimetinib (R)+GC or placebo (P)+GC, for six cycles, followed by ralimetinib 300 mg Q12H or placebo on Days 1-14, q28d. RESULTS: 118 patients received at least one dose of ralimetinib or placebo; eight in phase 1b and 110 in phase 2 (R+GC, N = 58; P+GC, N = 52). The RP2D for R+GC was 200 mg Q12H. The study met its primary objective of a statistically significant difference in PFS (median: R+GC, 10.3 mo vs. P+GC, 7.9 mo; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.773, P = 0.2464, against a two-sided false positive rate of 0.4). Secondary objectives were not statistically significant for median overall survival (R+GC, 29.2 mo vs. P+GC, 25.1 mo; HR = 0.827, P = 0.4686) or overall response rate (R+GC 46.6% vs. P+GC, 46.2%; P = 0.9667). The safety profile of R+GC therapy was mainly consistent with safety of the chemotherapy backbone alone. Grade 3/4 elevated alanine aminotransferase was more common in the ralimetinib arm. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of ralimetinib to GC resulted in a modest improvement in PFS.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário/tratamento farmacológico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Carboplatina/administração & dosagem , Carboplatina/efeitos adversos , Desoxicitidina/administração & dosagem , Desoxicitidina/efeitos adversos , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Imidazóis/administração & dosagem , Imidazóis/efeitos adversos , Quimioterapia de Manutenção , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Piridinas/administração & dosagem , Piridinas/efeitos adversos , Adulto Jovem , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Gencitabina
9.
BMC Urol ; 20(1): 181, 2020 Nov 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33160359

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: To evaluate patient-reported outcomes with ramucirumab plus docetaxel, a regimen which improved progression-free survival in platinum-refractory advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC). METHODS: RANGE-a randomized, double-blinded, phase 3 trial in patients with platinum-refractory aUC. Ramucirumab (10 mg/kg) plus docetaxel (75 mg/m2) or placebo plus docetaxel were administered every 21 days until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients received maximum 10 cycles of docetaxel. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and EuroQoL five-dimensions (EQ-5D-5L) were administered at baseline, start of each cycle, and 30-day follow-up visit. A ≥ 10-point change in QLQ-C30 scores was considered meaningful. Rates of improved/stable scores were compared between treatment arms using Fisher's exact test. Time to deterioration (TtD) was estimated and compared using Kaplan-Meier estimation and log-rank test. RESULTS: Of the 530 patients, ~ 97% patients in each arm provided baseline QLQ-C30 data. On-treatment compliance was ≥ 88% for first 8 cycles. Mean baseline QLQ-C30 scores were similar between arms, with global quality of life (QoL), fatigue, pain, and insomnia having greatest impairment. Postbaseline rates of improved/stable QLQ-C30 scores were similar between treatment arms except for greater improvement in pain score with ramucirumab. TtD of QLQ-C30 scales favored ramucirumab arm. Baseline EQ-5D-5L index and visual analogue scale scores were similar between arms, followed by relatively stable on-treatment scores. EQ-5D-5L scores worsened at post-discontinuation follow-up visit. CONCLUSIONS: Ramucirumab plus docetaxel did not negatively impact QoL compared with docetaxel alone in platinum-refractory aUC. Improved TtD and tumor associated rates of pain favored ramucirumab treatment. CLINICAL TRAIL REGISTRATION: NCT02426125. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02426125 . Date of registration: April 24th 2015.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/tratamento farmacológico , Docetaxel/administração & dosagem , Qualidade de Vida , Neoplasias Urológicas/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/patologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Urológicas/patologia , Ramucirumab
10.
Genes Dev ; 25(23): 2465-79, 2011 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22156207

RESUMO

The microenvironment is known to critically modulate tumor progression, yet its role in regulating treatment response is poorly understood. Here we found increased macrophage infiltration and cathepsin protease levels in mammary tumors following paclitaxel (Taxol) chemotherapy. Cathepsin-expressing macrophages protected against Taxol-induced tumor cell death in coculture, an effect fully reversed by cathepsin inhibition and mediated partially by cathepsins B and S. Macrophages were also found to protect against tumor cell death induced by additional chemotherapeutics, specifically etoposide and doxorubicin. Combining Taxol with cathepsin inhibition in vivo significantly enhanced efficacy against primary and metastatic tumors, supporting the therapeutic relevance of this effect. Additionally incorporating continuous low-dose cyclophosphamide dramatically impaired tumor growth and metastasis and improved survival. This study highlights the importance of integrated targeting of the tumor and its microenvironment and implicates macrophages and cathepsins in blunting chemotherapeutic response.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Catepsinas/metabolismo , Macrófagos/patologia , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/tratamento farmacológico , Paclitaxel/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Interações Medicamentosas , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Etoposídeo/farmacologia , Etoposídeo/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Neoplasias Pulmonares/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/enzimologia , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Invasividade Neoplásica , Paclitaxel/uso terapêutico
11.
Lancet ; 390(10109): 2266-2277, 2017 Nov 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28916371

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Few treatments with a distinct mechanism of action are available for patients with platinum-refractory advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. We assessed the efficacy and safety of treatment with docetaxel plus either ramucirumab-a human IgG1 VEGFR-2 antagonist-or placebo in this patient population. METHODS: We did a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial in patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who progressed during or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients were enrolled from 124 sites in 23 countries. Previous treatment with one immune-checkpoint inhibitor was permitted. Patients were randomised (1:1) using an interactive web response system to receive intravenous docetaxel 75 mg/m2 plus either intravenous ramucirumab 10 mg/kg or matching placebo on day 1 of repeating 21-day cycles, until disease progression or other discontinuation criteria were met. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival, analysed by intention-to-treat in the first 437 randomised patients. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02426125. FINDINGS: Between July, 2015, and April, 2017, 530 patients were randomly allocated either ramucirumab plus docetaxel (n=263) or placebo plus docetaxel (n=267). Progression-free survival was prolonged significantly in patients allocated ramucirumab plus docetaxel versus placebo plus docetaxel (median 4·07 months [95% CI 2·96-4·47] vs 2·76 months [2·60-2·96]; hazard ratio [HR] 0·757, 95% CI 0·607-0·943; p=0·0118). A blinded independent central analysis was consistent with these results. An objective response was achieved by 53 (24·5%, 95% CI 18·8-30·3) of 216 patients allocated ramucirumab and 31 (14·0%, 9·4-18·6) of 221 assigned placebo. The most frequently reported treatment-emergent adverse events, regardless of causality, in either treatment group (any grade) were fatigue, alopecia, diarrhoea, decreased appetite, and nausea. These events occurred predominantly at grade 1-2 severity. The frequency of grade 3 or worse adverse events was similar for patients allocated ramucirumab and placebo (156 [60%] of 258 vs 163 [62%] of 265 had an adverse event), with no unexpected toxic effects. 63 (24%) of 258 patients allocated ramucirumab and 54 (20%) of 265 assigned placebo had a serious adverse event that was judged by the investigator to be related to treatment. 38 (15%) of 258 patients allocated ramucirumab and 43 (16%) of 265 assigned placebo died on treatment or within 30 days of discontinuation, of which eight (3%) and five (2%) deaths were deemed related to treatment by the investigator. Sepsis was the most common adverse event leading to death on treatment (four [2%] vs none [0%]). One fatal event of neutropenic sepsis was reported in a patient allocated ramucirumab. INTERPRETATION: To the best of our knowledge, ramucirumab plus docetaxel is the first regimen in a phase 3 study to show superior progression-free survival over chemotherapy in patients with platinum-refractory advanced urothelial carcinoma. These data validate inhibition of VEGFR-2 signalling as a potential new therapeutic treatment option for patients with urothelial carcinoma. FUNDING: Eli Lilly and Company.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/patologia , Taxoides/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/mortalidade , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Docetaxel , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Internacionalidade , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Neoadjuvante/métodos , Invasividade Neoplásica/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Medição de Risco , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/mortalidade , Ramucirumab
12.
Invest New Drugs ; 36(6): 1016-1025, 2018 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29611022

RESUMO

Background We sought to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) and schedule of GSK2141795, an oral pan-AKT kinase inhibitor. Patients and Methods Patients with solid tumors were enrolled in the dose-escalation phase. Pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis after a single dose (Cycle 0) informed dose escalation using accelerated dose titration. Once one grade 2 toxicity or dose-limiting toxicity was observed in Cycle 1, the accelerated dose titration was terminated and a 3 + 3 dose escalation was started. Continuous daily dosing was evaluated along with two intermittent regimens (7 days on/7 days off and 3 times per week). In the expansion phase at RP2D, patients with endometrial or prostate cancer, as well as those with select tumor types with a PIK3CA mutation, AKT mutation or PTEN loss, were enrolled. Patients were evaluated for adverse events (AEs), PK parameters, blood glucose and insulin levels, and tumor response. Results The RP2D of GSK2141795 for once-daily dosing is 75 mg. The most common (>10%) treatment-related AEs included diarrhea, fatigue, vomiting, and decreased appetite. Most AEs were low grade. The frequency of hyperglycemia increased with dose; however, at the RP2D, grade 3 hyperglycemia was only reported in 4% of patients and no grade 4 events were observed. PK characteristics were favorable, with a prolonged half-life and low peak-to-trough ratio. There were two partial responses at the RP2D in patients with either a PIK3CA mutation or PTEN loss. Conclusion GSK2141795 was safe and well-tolerated, with clinical activity seen as monotherapy at the RP2D of 75 mg daily. NCT00920257.


Assuntos
Diaminas/farmacocinética , Diaminas/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirazóis/farmacocinética , Pirazóis/uso terapêutico , Administração Oral , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Coortes , Diaminas/administração & dosagem , Diaminas/efeitos adversos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação/genética , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/administração & dosagem , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/efeitos adversos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Pirazóis/administração & dosagem , Pirazóis/efeitos adversos
13.
Gynecol Oncol ; 148(3): 507-514, 2018 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29352572

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of veliparib combined with carboplatin and gemcitabine in patients with advanced ovarian cancer and other nonhematologic malignancies. METHODS: In this phase I study, patients with metastatic or unresectable solid tumors and ≤2 prior chemotherapy regimens received veliparib combined with carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) 4 on day 1 and gemcitabine 800mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle for maximum 10cycles, followed by optional veliparib maintenance therapy. Veliparib dosing commenced twice-daily (BID) continuously on day 1 of cycle 2; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was permitted. Dose escalation used a Bayesian continual reassessment method. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy were evaluated. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients were enrolled (ovarian cancer, n=54; breast cancer, n=12). Thirty-six patients with ovarian cancer (67%) had known germline BRCA mutations. Most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs; ≥60%) were thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, nausea, and anemia. Most common grade 3/4 TRAEs (≥40%) were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Dose-limiting toxicities were thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. The MTD/RP2D was established at veliparib 250mg with carboplatin AUC 4 plus gemcitabine 800mg/m2. Responses were observed in 69% of patients with BRCA-deficient ovarian cancer (45% partial, 24% complete responses). Five patients remained on veliparib (80-310mg BID) for >34cycles. CONCLUSIONS: Veliparib plus carboplatin/gemcitabine is tolerated, with a safety profile similar to carboplatin and gemcitabine alone. Combination therapy demonstrated promising preliminary antitumor activity in platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer patients with germline BRCA mutations. Trial registration ID: NCT01063816.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anemia/induzido quimicamente , Área Sob a Curva , Teorema de Bayes , Benzimidazóis/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carboplatina/administração & dosagem , Carcinoma Basocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/tratamento farmacológico , Colangiocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Desoxicitidina/administração & dosagem , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Feminino , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Genes BRCA1 , Genes BRCA2 , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Humanos , Quimioterapia de Indução , Neoplasias Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Pelve Renal , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Quimioterapia de Manutenção , Masculino , Dose Máxima Tolerável , Mesotelioma/tratamento farmacológico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Náusea/induzido quimicamente , Metástase Neoplásica , Neutropenia/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Trombocitopenia/induzido quimicamente , Resultado do Tratamento , Gencitabina
14.
Lancet Oncol ; 18(1): 75-87, 2017 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27908594

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have activity in ovarian carcinomas with homologous recombination deficiency. Along with BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) mutations genomic loss of heterozygosity (LOH) might also represent homologous recombination deficiency. In ARIEL2, we assessed the ability of tumour genomic LOH, quantified with a next-generation sequencing assay, to predict response to rucaparib, an oral PARP inhibitor. METHODS: ARIEL2 is an international, multicentre, two-part, phase 2, open-label study done at 49 hospitals and cancer centres in Australia, Canada, France, Spain, the UK, and the USA. In ARIEL2 Part 1, patients with recurrent, platinum-sensitive, high-grade ovarian carcinoma were classified into one of three predefined homologous recombination deficiency subgroups on the basis of tumour mutational analysis: BRCA mutant (deleterious germline or somatic), BRCA wild-type and LOH high (LOH high group), or BRCA wild-type and LOH low (LOH low group). We prespecified a cutoff of 14% or more genomic LOH for LOH high. Patients began treatment with oral rucaparib at 600 mg twice per day for continuous 28 day cycles until disease progression or any other reason for discontinuation. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival. All patients treated with at least one dose of rucaparib were included in the safety analyses and all treated patients who were classified were included in the primary endpoint analysis. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01891344. Enrolment into ARIEL2 Part 1 is complete, although an extension (Part 2) is ongoing. FINDINGS: 256 patients were screened and 206 were enrolled between Oct 30, 2013, and Dec 19, 2014. At the data cutoff date (Jan 18, 2016), 204 patients had received rucaparib, with 28 patients remaining in the study. 192 patients could be classified into one of the three predefined homologous recombination deficiency subgroups: BRCA mutant (n=40), LOH high (n=82), or LOH low (n=70). Tumours from 12 patients were established as BRCA wild-type, but could not be classified for LOH, because of insufficient neoplastic nuclei in the sample. The median duration of treatment for the 204 patients was 5·7 months (IQR 2·8-10·1). 24 patients in the BRCA mutant subgroup, 56 patients in the LOH high subgroup, and 59 patients in the LOH low subgroup had disease progression or died. Median progression-free survival after rucaparib treatment was 12·8 months (95% CI 9·0-14·7) in the BRCA mutant subgroup, 5·7 months (5·3-7·6) in the LOH high subgroup, and 5·2 months (3·6-5·5) in the LOH low subgroup. Progression-free survival was significantly longer in the BRCA mutant (hazard ratio 0·27, 95% CI 0·16-0·44, p<0·0001) and LOH high (0·62, 0·42-0·90, p=0·011) subgroups compared with the LOH low subgroup. The most common grade 3 or worse treatment-emergent adverse events were anaemia or decreased haemoglobin (45 [22%] patients), and elevations in alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase (25 [12%]). Common serious adverse events included small intestinal obstruction (10 [5%] of 204 patients), malignant neoplasm progression (10 [5%]), and anaemia (nine [4%]). Three patients died during the study (two because of disease progression and one because of sepsis and disease progression). No treatment-related deaths occurred. INTERPRETATION: In patients with BRCA mutant or BRCA wild-type and LOH high platinum-sensitive ovarian carcinomas treated with rucaparib, progression-free survival was longer than in patients with BRCA wild-type LOH low carcinomas. Our results suggest that assessment of tumour LOH can be used to identify patients with BRCA wild-type platinum-sensitive ovarian cancers who might benefit from rucaparib. These results extend the potential usefulness of PARP inhibitors in the treatment setting beyond BRCA mutant tumours. FUNDING: Clovis Oncology, US Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Research Program, Stand Up To Cancer-Ovarian Cancer Research Fund Alliance-National Ovarian Cancer Coalition Dream Team Translational Research Grant, and V Foundation Translational Award.


Assuntos
Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias das Tubas Uterinas/tratamento farmacológico , Indóis/uso terapêutico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Peritoneais/tratamento farmacológico , Platina/farmacologia , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário , Neoplasias das Tubas Uterinas/genética , Neoplasias das Tubas Uterinas/patologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa/genética , Humanos , Agências Internacionais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/genética , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/genética , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Neoplasias Peritoneais/genética , Neoplasias Peritoneais/patologia , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/uso terapêutico , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/química , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Terapia de Salvação , Taxa de Sobrevida
15.
Gynecol Oncol ; 147(2): 267-275, 2017 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28882436

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: An integrated analysis was undertaken to characterize the antitumor activity and safety profile of the oral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor rucaparib in patients with relapsed high-grade ovarian carcinoma (HGOC). METHODS: Eligible patients from Study 10 (NCT01482715) and ARIEL2 (NCT01891344) who received a starting dose of oral rucaparib 600mg twice daily (BID) with or without food were included in these analyses. The integrated efficacy population included patients with HGOC and a deleterious germline or somatic BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutation who received at least two prior chemotherapies and were sensitive, resistant, or refractory to platinum-based chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed confirmed objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included duration of response (DOR) and progression-free survival (PFS). The integrated safety population included patients with HGOC who received at least one dose of rucaparib 600mg BID, irrespective of BRCA1/2 mutation status and prior treatments. RESULTS: In the efficacy population (n=106), ORR was 53.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43.8-63.5); 8.5% and 45.3% of patients achieved complete and partial responses, respectively. Median DOR was 9.2months (95% CI, 6.6-11.6). In the safety population (n=377), the most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) were nausea, asthenia/fatigue, vomiting, and anemia/hemoglobin decreased. The most common grade ≥3 treatment-emergent AE was anemia/hemoglobin decreased. Treatment-emergent AEs led to treatment interruption, dose reduction, and treatment discontinuation in 58.6%, 45.9%, and 9.8% of patients, respectively. No treatment-related deaths occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Rucaparib has antitumor activity in advanced BRCA1/2-mutated HGOC and a manageable safety profile.


Assuntos
Genes BRCA1 , Genes BRCA2 , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Indóis/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário , Feminino , Humanos , Indóis/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/efeitos adversos
16.
Int J Gynecol Cancer ; 26(2): 255-60, 2016 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26745694

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the activity and tolerability of iniparib monotherapy in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2-associated advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eligible patients had advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer, germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, measurable disease, and at least 1 previous treatment regimen of platinum/taxane chemotherapy. Patients received iniparib 8 mg/kg intravenously on days 1 and 4 weekly, with imaging every 8 weeks. Treatment continued until disease progression or adverse events (AEs) prohibited further therapy. Common Terminology Criteria for AEs v3.0 was used to grade AEs. The primary endpoint was tumor response. The study was conducted with a Simon 2-stage design with 12 and 23 patients planned in the first and second stage, respectively. The study was designed to distinguish between 10% and 30% responding with types 1 and 2 error of 0.10. RESULTS: Twelve patients were treated on study, with median exposure to iniparib of 7.5 weeks. The median number of previous chemotherapeutic regimens was 7. Treatment-related AEs (≥10%) included asthenia (83.3%), constipation (25%), diarrhea (25%), nausea (25%), abdominal pain (16.7%), and decreased hemoglobin (16.7%). All treatment-related AEs were grades 1 or 2 with the following 2 exceptions: 1 grade 3 diarrhea and 1 grade 3 hypertension. One patient had stable disease lasting 2 cycles; the remaining 11 patients had progressive disease. The study did not proceed to second stage enrollment. CONCLUSIONS: Iniparib did not show significant activity in this heavily pretreated ovarian cancer population, all of whom had BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.


Assuntos
Benzamidas/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias das Tubas Uterinas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Peritoneais/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma/genética , Feminino , Genes BRCA1 , Genes BRCA2 , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
17.
Gynecol Oncol ; 137(3): 386-91, 2015 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25818403

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Veliparib is a potent small molecule inhibitor of PARP-1/2, which is cytotoxic in tumor cells with deficiencies in BRCA1 or BRCA2. We studied the clinical activity and toxicity of veliparib in ovarian cancer patients carrying a germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation (gBRCA). METHODS: Eligibility included three or fewer prior chemotherapy regimens, measurable disease and no prior use of a PARP inhibitor. Veliparib was administered at 400mg orally BID with one cycle being 28days. The two-stage Simon design was capable of detecting a 25% response probability with 90% power while controlling alpha=10% (at a 10% assumed null response probability). RESULTS: The median age of the 50 eligible patients was 57years (range 37-94) and 14, 18, and 18 patients had 1, 2, and 3 prior therapies respectively. Thirty patients (60%) were platinum-resistant. The median number of cycles administered was 6 (1-27). There was one grade 4 thrombocytopenia. Grade 3 adverse events were: fatigue (n=3), nausea (2), leukopenia (1), neutropenia (1), dehydration (1), and ALT (1). Grade 2 events >10% were: nausea (46%), fatigue (26%), vomiting (18%), and anemia (14%). The proportion responding was 26% (90% CI: 16%-38%, CR: 2, PR: 11); for platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive patients the proportion responding was 20% and 35%, respectively. The most common reason for treatment discontinuation was progression (62%). Twenty-nine patients are alive; two with SD remain on veliparib. The median PFS is 8.18months. CONCLUSIONS: The single agent efficacy and tolerability of veliparib for BRCA mutation-associated recurrent ovarian cancer warrants further investigation.


Assuntos
Benzimidazóis/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias das Tubas Uterinas/tratamento farmacológico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Peritoneais/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Benzimidazóis/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário , Neoplasias das Tubas Uterinas/genética , Feminino , Genes BRCA1 , Genes BRCA2 , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/genética , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Neoplasias Peritoneais/genética
18.
J Clin Oncol ; 41(1): 107-116, 2023 01 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35867965

RESUMO

PURPOSE: In VELIA trial, veliparib combined with carboplatin-paclitaxel, followed by maintenance (veliparib-throughout) was associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with carboplatin-paclitaxel alone in patients with high-grade ovarian carcinomas. We explored the prognostic value of the modeled cancer antigen (CA)-125 elimination rate constant K (KELIM), which is known to be an indicator of the intrinsic tumor chemosensitivity (the faster the rate of CA-125 decline, the higher the KELIM and the higher the chemosensitivity), and its association with benefit from veliparib. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Individual KELIM values were estimated from longitudinal CA-125 kinetics. Patients were categorized as having favorable (≥ median) or unfavorable (< median) KELIM. The prognostic value of KELIM for veliparib-related PFS benefit was explored in cohorts treated with primary or interval debulking surgery, according to the surgery completeness, the disease progression risk group, and the homologous recombination (HR) status (BRCA mutation, HR deficiency [HRD], or HR proficiency [HRP]). RESULTS: The data from 854 of 1,140 enrolled patients were analyzed (primary debulking surgery, n = 700; interval debulking surgery, n = 154). Increasing KELIM values were associated with higher benefit from veliparib in HRD cancer, as were decreasing KELIM values in HRP cancer. The highest PFS benefit from veliparib was observed in patients with both favorable KELIM and BRCA mutation (hazard ratio, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.61) or BRCA wild-type HRD cancer (hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.70), consistent with the association between poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor efficacy and platinum sensitivity. In contrast, seventy-four percent of patients with a BRCA mutation and unfavorable KELIM progressed within 18 months while on veliparib. The patients with HRP cancer and unfavorable KELIM might have benefited from the veliparib chemosensitizing effect. CONCLUSION: In addition to HRD/BRCA status, the tumor primary chemosensitivity observed during the first-line chemotherapy might be another complementary determinant of poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor efficacy.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Ovarianas , Ribose , Feminino , Humanos , Carboplatina/uso terapêutico , Ribose/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Paclitaxel , Difosfato de Adenosina/uso terapêutico
19.
Commun Med (Lond) ; 3(1): 154, 2023 Oct 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37880389

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: MCL-1 is a prosurvival B-cell lymphoma 2 family protein that plays a critical role in tumor maintenance and survival and can act as a resistance factor to multiple anticancer therapies. Herein, we describe the generation and characterization of the highly potent and selective MCL-1 inhibitor ABBV-467 and present findings from a first-in-human trial that included patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (NCT04178902). METHODS: Binding of ABBV-467 to human MCL-1 was assessed in multiple cell lines. The ability of ABBV-467 to induce tumor growth inhibition was investigated in xenograft models of human multiple myeloma and acute myelogenous leukemia. The first-in-human study was a multicenter, open-label, dose-escalation study assessing safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of ABBV-467 monotherapy. RESULTS: Here we show that administration of ABBV-467 to MCL-1-dependent tumor cell lines triggers rapid and mechanism-based apoptosis. In vivo, intermittent dosing of ABBV-467 as monotherapy or in combination with venetoclax inhibits the growth of xenografts from human hematologic cancers. Results from a clinical trial evaluating ABBV-467 in patients with multiple myeloma based on these preclinical data indicate that treatment with ABBV-467 can result in disease control (seen in 1 patient), but may also cause increases in cardiac troponin levels in the plasma in some patients (seen in 4 of 8 patients), without other corresponding cardiac findings. CONCLUSIONS: The selectivity of ABBV-467 suggests that treatment-induced troponin release is a consequence of MCL-1 inhibition and therefore may represent a class effect of MCL-1 inhibitors in human patients.


Apoptosis is a type of cell death that removes abnormal cells from the body. Cancer cells can have increased levels of MCL-1, a protein that helps cells survive and prevents apoptosis. ABBV-467 is a new drug that blocks the action of MCL-1 (an MCL-1 inhibitor) and could promote apoptosis. In animal models, ABBV-467 led to cancer cell death and delayed tumor growth. ABBV-467 was also studied in a clinical trial in 8 patients with multiple myeloma, a blood cancer. In 1 patient, ABBV-467 treatment prevented the cancer from getting any worse for 8 months. However, in 4 out of 8 patients ABBV-467 increased the levels of troponin, a protein associated with damage to the heart. This concerning side effect may impact the future development of MCL-1 inhibitors as anticancer drugs.

20.
Gynecol Oncol ; 125(3): 621-4, 2012 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22446622

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: GOG study 172 demonstrated improved progression-free (PFS) and overall (OS) survival for patients with stage III optimally debulked ovarian and peritoneal carcinoma treated with IV/IP paclitaxel and IP cisplatin compared to standard IV therapy. The inpatient administration, toxicity profile, and limited completion rate have been blamed for the lack of acceptance and widespread use of this regimen. We sought to evaluate the PFS, OS, toxicity, and completion rate of a modified outpatient IP regimen. METHODS: Using a prospectively maintained database, we evaluated the outcomes of patients who underwent primary optimal cytoreduction for stage III ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal carcinoma followed by IV/IP chemotherapy from 1/05-3/09. Our modified regimen was as follows: IV paclitaxel (135 mg/m(2)) over 3h on day 1, IP cisplatin (75 mg/m(2)) on day 2, and IP paclitaxel (60 mg/m(2)) on day 8, given every 21 days for 6 cycles. RESULTS: We identified 102 patients who initiated the modified IV/IP regimen and completed chemotherapy. The median follow-up was 43 months. The median age at diagnosis was 57 years (range, 23-76). Primary disease site was: ovary, 77 (75%); fallopian tube, 13 (13%); peritoneum, 12 (12%). FIGO stage was: IIIA, 8 (8%); IIIB, 4 (4%); IIIC, 90 (88%). Residual disease after cytoreduction was: none, 58 (57%); ≤ 1 cm, 44 (43%). The most frequent grade 3/4 toxicities were: neutropenia, 12 (12%); gastrointestinal, 8 (8%); neurologic, 6 (6%). Eighty-two (80%) of 102 patients completed 4 or more cycles of IV/IP therapy; 56 (55%) completed all 6 cycles. The median PFS and OS were 29 and 67 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: By modifying the GOG 172 treatment regimen, convenience, toxicity, and tolerability appear improved, with survival outcomes similar to those of GOG 172. This modified IV/IP regimen warrants further study.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias das Tubas Uterinas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Peritoneais/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Assistência Ambulatorial/métodos , Cisplatino/administração & dosagem , Terapia Combinada , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Esquema de Medicação , Neoplasias das Tubas Uterinas/patologia , Neoplasias das Tubas Uterinas/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Infusões Parenterais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/cirurgia , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Peritoneais/patologia , Neoplasias Peritoneais/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
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