RESUMO
The article presents the results of a psychological study of patients with principal disabling pathologies that form the main structure of disability in the Russian Federation due to malignant neoplasms: diseases of the circulatory system; diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue; diseases of the endocrine system and metabolic disorders (diabetes mellitus of the first and second types). The article presents the results of studying a sample of patients by various psychological parameters, provides statistical comparisons of psychological characteristics of patients depending on the specifics of their social situation, in which patients either claim to be disabled and are under conditions of medical and social expertise, implying the possibility of changing social status, or patients of the same nosological categories, who do not claim to be disabled and who are rehabilitating on the basis of their own personal and socio-environmental resources outside of the "disabled" status. Psychological techniques are presented, the specificity of emotional and personal parameters is analyzed and characterized, including personality frustration and experience of the significance of the disease in the spheres of life, self-esteem indicators, identification characteristics, strategies that provide rehabilitation adherence, which characterize the activity of patients in the compared groups in many ways. The conceptual position that defines the activity of patients as «rehabilitative¼ has been substantiated. The results of the study revealed statistically significant differences in psychological indicators in the compared groups of patients rehabilitating outside the "disabled" status and patients claiming to be disabled. The indicators obtained in the study indicate that the personal self-regulation of patients rehabilitating outside the «disabled¼ status qualitatively differs from the self-regulation of patients claiming disability, in terms of stable self-esteem and belief in the ability to realize life in significant areas of social functioning, in the ability of perspective planning of the future, in active self-realization of social roles, active participation in interpersonal, leisure, professional, household and other spheres, high responsibility for one's health, against the background of stable emotional perception of the current social situation of the disease.
Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência , Neoplasias , Humanos , Federação Russa , Ajustamento SocialRESUMO
The aim of the study is to develop a predictive model of the probable contraction of psychosomatic disorders among specialists in the utilization of radioactive substances. The predictive model was developed in order to prevent occupational diseases and preserve the mental health of specialists. The development of the model was carried out on the basis of the results of empirical research focused on identifying biopsychosocial factors that determine or, on the contrary, block the development of vitality in specialists. The vitality is here understood by us as the ability to manage the internal personal resources in the professional situations of personal stress, thereby ensuring one`s professional health. 179 specialists in the utilization of radioactive substances were examined. The study was carried out using a set of specially selected techniques: Scale «Psychosomatic disorders¼ by V. V. Boyko, methods for studying psychophysiological status (data on the brain wave activity (EEG); assessment of the functional state of the nervous system based on a simple and complex visual motor reaction; the color test by M. Luscher), individual psychological characteristics (the method of colour metaphors by I. L. Solomin, diagnostics of latent motivation, the Mini-Mult questionnaire, «The dominant type of interpersonal relations¼ methodology) and social situation of life (the questionnaire by the authors). As a result of the study, there were identified 32 features that have a statistically significant relationship with indicators of psychosomatic disorders (p < 0.001). The identified features were included in multiple logistic regression analysis as independent variables. As a result of further processing of the empirical data, carried out with the help of the method of step-by-step exclusion of variables, a predictive model of the likelihood of psychosomatic disorders in radioactive waste utolozation specialists was constructed, which was based on a subjective assessment of the living standards, the presence of a distrustful-skeptical type in interpersonal relationships and manifestations of paranoia.