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INTRODUCTION: Biologics have improved the treatment of rheumatic diseases, resulting in better outcomes. However, their high cost limits access for many patients in both North America and Latin America. Following patent expiration for biologicals, the availability of biosimilars, which typically are less expensive due to lower development costs, provides additional treatment options for patients with rheumatic diseases. The availability of biosimilars in North American and Latin American countries is evolving, with differing regulations and clinical indications. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to present the consensus statement on biosimilars in rheumatology developed by Pan American League of Associations for Rheumatology (PANLAR). METHODS: Using a modified Delphi process approach, the following topics were addressed: regulation, efficacy and safety, extrapolation of indications, interchangeability, automatic substitution, pharmacovigilance, risk management, naming, traceability, registries, economic aspects, and biomimics. Consensus was achieved when there was agreement among 80% or more of the panel members. Three Delphi rounds were conducted to reach consensus. Questionnaires were sent electronically to panel members and comments about each question were solicited. RESULTS: Eight recommendations were formulated regarding regulation, pharmacovigilance, risk management, naming, traceability, registries, economic aspects, and biomimics. CONCLUSION: The recommendations highlighted that, after receiving regulatory approval, pharmacovigilance is a fundamental strategy to ensure safety of all medications. Registries should be employed to monitor use of biosimilars and to identify potential adverse effects. The price of biosimilars should be significantly lower than that of reference products to enhance patient access. Biomimics are not biosimilars and, if they are to be marketed, they must first be evaluated and approved according to established regulatory pathways for novel biopharmaceuticals. KEY POINTS: ⢠Biologics have improved the treatment of rheumatic diseases. ⢠Their high cost limits access for many patients in both North America and Latin America. ⢠Biosimilars typically are less expensive, providing additional treatment options for patients with rheumatic diseases. ⢠PANLAR presents its consensus on biosimilars in rheumatology.
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Medicamentos Biossimilares/uso terapêutico , Doenças Reumáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Medicamentos Biossimilares/efeitos adversos , Consenso , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiologia , América do Norte , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Reumatologia , Sociedades MédicasRESUMO
The two co-authors of the mentioned above article were incorrect. The correct are authors should have been "P. A. Beltrán" instead of "P. A. B. Roa" and "J. F. Diaz-Coto" instead of "L. Diaz Soto".
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OBJECTIVE: To validate a Spanish version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in Mexican patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Thirty-five patients with RA seen in our outpatient clinic were included. A semistructured psychiatric interview was applied, and the following instruments were administered: the BDI, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), and the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index. Diagnostic properties of the BDI for both full-length and smaller versions taking out somatic items were compared against a gold standard. The gold standard for comparison was the diagnosis of depression according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised Criteria. RESULTS: Thirty-seven percent of RA patients had a diagnosis related to depression, most of which were major depression or dysthymia. The original BDI showed a high sensitivity (92%) and a high correlation with the HAD (r = 0.83). Exclusion of somatic items in modified versions of the BDI had a similar performance. CONCLUSIONS: The original BDI is a suitable instrument to detect depression in Mexican RA patients. Nevertheless, shorter versions without some of the somatic items also show an adequate performance.
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Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Artrite Reumatoide/psicologia , Depressão/etnologia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/normas , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesAssuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Algoritmos , Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos , Antirreumáticos/administração & dosagem , Contraindicações , Esquema de Medicação , Humanos , América Latina , Seleção de Pacientes , Rituximab , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
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