RESUMO
Preincubation of Sendai virus with ceruloplasmin induced in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) fragments the synthesis of a population with decreased infectivity and high haemagglutinating (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) activities, whereas preincubation with solubilized virus envelopes led to the production of a viral population with the same infectivity as the control, but with lower HA and NA activities. Preincubation of the virus with a mixture of ceruloplasmin and solubilized envelopes depressed the overall virus synthesis; the resulting population had a low infectivity and high HA and NA activities. The variation in the HA/NA ratio indicates a modification in the envelope structure.
Assuntos
Ceruloplasmina/farmacologia , Vírus da Parainfluenza 1 Humana/efeitos dos fármacos , Vírus da Parainfluenza 1 Humana/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas Virais/farmacologia , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Embrião de Galinha , Técnicas de Cultura , Membranas Extraembrionárias , Hemaglutininas Virais/análise , Neuraminidase/análise , Vírus da Parainfluenza 1 Humana/imunologiaRESUMO
The presence of interferon and type A immunoglobulins (IgA) was followed up in the nasopharyngeal washings collected from volunteers immunized intranasally with an inactivated influenza vaccine [strain A/Rom 1/73 (H3N2)]. Interferon was detected 24 hours after vaccine administration, its incidence being similar to that in the course of acute infection. Intranasal administration of inactivated influenza vaccine stimulated the production of secretory IgA in 3 of 10 samples collected 12 days after vaccination. At the same time, IgA were found in 4 samples collected before vaccination, and inhibited in certain cases the stimulation of interferon synthesis. The practical importance of the route of influenza vaccine administration is discussed.
Assuntos
Imunoglobulina A/análise , Vacinas contra Influenza , Interferons/análise , Nasofaringe/imunologia , Administração Intranasal , Líquidos Corporais/imunologia , Líquidos Corporais/metabolismo , Humanos , Imunização , Indutores de Interferon , Interferons/biossíntese , Nasofaringe/metabolismo , Orthomyxoviridae , Vacinas AtenuadasRESUMO
Some physico-chemical and biological properties of egg-cultivated Sendai (egg-Sendai) virus particles with altered haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein were studied. These particles were obtained accidentally from purified egg-Sendai virus stored at +4 degrees C. Egg-Sendai with altered HN protein was not infectious for cultured cells, but could still infect embryonated eggs. Though egg-Sendai virus with altered HN protein and glycoproteins had no haemagglutination activity, it unexpectedly possessed a relatively high neuraminidase (NA) activity representing about 70% of the activity of normal particles. Since polyacrylamide gel and rocket immunoelectrophoresis indicated that the altered particles contained only F protein, possibly the native HN was converted into a molecule of the same molecular mass as F protein.
Assuntos
Vírus da Parainfluenza 1 Humana/fisiologia , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/fisiologia , Vírion/fisiologia , Antígenos Virais/análise , Proteína HN , Hemaglutinação por Vírus , Peso Molecular , Neuraminidase/metabolismo , Vírus da Parainfluenza 1 Humana/enzimologia , Vírus da Parainfluenza 1 Humana/imunologia , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/análise , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Virais de Fusão , Vírion/enzimologiaRESUMO
Anthracycline antibiotics violamycin BI (VBI) and adriamycin (Adr) strongly inhibited the neuraminidase (NA) activity of Sendai virus and of its isolated glycoproteins, occurring either in solution or associated in liposome-like particles. NA did not exhibit the classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics: the plot of reaction velocity versus substrate concentration was sigmoidal, while Hill's plotting indicated that the enzyme has at least two binding sites for the substrate. The reaction kinetics obtained suggested that Sendai virus NA acts as an allosteric enzyme, when its material support, the HN is located on the virus surface. The inhibitory effect of the anthracycline antibiotics in question on the NA activity seemed to be similar to that of negative effectors.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Neuraminidase/antagonistas & inibidores , Vírus da Parainfluenza 1 Humana/efeitos dos fármacos , Sítio Alostérico , Aminoglicosídeos/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Etídio , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Proteína HN , Cinética , Neuraminidase/metabolismo , Vírus da Parainfluenza 1 Humana/enzimologia , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/metabolismo , Proteínas Virais/metabolismoRESUMO
Persistent infection with measles virus established in a calf kidney cell line differed in some features from other measles virus carrier systems. After a variable life span, ranging from 50 to 1100 days, six of the chronically infected cell lines showed an evolution towards lytic infection. Only one of these lines, the K-2 cell line, exhibited marked morphological, growth and chromosomal alterations suggesting in vitro cellular transformation. The transformed K-2 cells released infectious measles virus with several modified biological parameters. Persistent infection was not due to the accumulation of thermosensitive mutants or defective particles. The role of the host-cell factor and of the selection of the virus population during its passage in RV cells are discussed.
Assuntos
Transformação Celular Viral , Efeito Citopatogênico Viral , Vírus do Sarampo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Bovinos , Divisão Celular , Linhagem Celular , Cariotipagem , Rim , Vírus do Sarampo/patogenicidade , Vírus do Sarampo/fisiologiaRESUMO
As evaluated by light scattering at 90 degrees, natural organic oligocations such as putrescine, spermidine and spermine interfered with myxovirus aggregates which were induced by the histone H2A and strongly amplified by shaking during incubation. In contrast, the synthetic oligocation 1.7-diamino heptane itself aggregated the virus particles, its action being unmodified by adding polycationic H2A in abundance. When human chromosome preparations treated with protamine solution and shaked during incubation were covered with a stable polycationic molecular layer, the chromosomes had become unstainable by the Giemsa method even if the dye was used in excess. Nevertheless, the affinity of influenza virus particles for protamine was so high that they were able to dissociate the protamine molecules from the preformed complexes reconstituting the affinity of chromosome preparations to Giemsa stain. The virus-caused shift in the staining ability of chromosomes did not occur when bacterial suspension was added instead of the viral one. The model of oligocationic relaxation and of polycation condensation accounting for the modulatory effects of polyamines is discussed.
Assuntos
Cátions/farmacologia , Vírus da Influenza A/efeitos dos fármacos , Vírus da Parainfluenza 1 Humana/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromossomos/fisiologia , Histonas/farmacologia , Luz , Poliaminas/farmacologia , Polieletrólitos , Polímeros/farmacologia , Espalhamento de RadiaçãoAssuntos
Genitália/microbiologia , Herpes Simples/microbiologia , Simplexvirus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estomatite Aftosa/microbiologia , Animais , Antígenos Virais/análise , Linhagem Celular , Núcleo Celular , Embrião de Galinha , Efeito Citopatogênico Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Dextranos/farmacologia , Fibroblastos , Temperatura Alta , Humanos , Pulmão/embriologia , Camundongos , Testes de Neutralização , Protaminas/farmacologia , Simplexvirus/imunologia , Simplexvirus/patogenicidade , Ensaio de Placa Viral , Virulência , Replicação ViralAssuntos
Enterovirus Humano B/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fibroblastos/microbiologia , Guanidinas/farmacologia , Animais , Células Cultivadas/microbiologia , Técnicas de Cultura , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Embrião de Mamíferos , Enterovirus Humano B/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterovirus Humano B/metabolismo , Variação Genética , Genética Microbiana , Genótipo , Guanidinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Soros Imunes , Fenótipo , Coelhos/imunologia , Replicação ViralRESUMO
Introduction. Principles of the Modern Diagnosis in Virology--isolation of the causative agent;--histologic and electronoptical diagnosis;--serologic. Efficiency of the viral diagnosis. Modern and Rapid Diagnostic Methods--progress in the technology of cell cultures and immunofluorescence;--new serologic methods.
Assuntos
Viroses/diagnóstico , Humanos , Técnicas Imunológicas , Microscopia Eletrônica , Testes Sorológicos , Vírus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Situation and main characteristics of the AIDS epidemics in Romania are analysed. Prevention measures, among which it is worth mentioning a correct information of the population, are proposed.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Previsões , HIV-1 , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , Fatores Etários , Criança , Soropositividade para HIV/epidemiologia , Soroprevalência de HIV/tendências , Humanos , Incidência , Romênia/epidemiologia , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
The high number of AIDS cases diagnosed in different European countries imposed to reconsider the opinion that European epidemic is just reflecting the American epidemic. The whole morbidity des not point out the peculiar elements of HIV infection propagation in Europe. The exponential rise of reported case number during 1987 imposes to analyse the new epidemiological situation.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Sistema de Registros , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The genetic diversity of viruses and the genetic constitution (polygenic configuration) of susceptible organisms participate together in the determination of a virus disease and of its clinical forms. Genes of sensitivity to viral infection, genes of nonspecific defense (encoding for interferons, complement factors), immune response regulating genes and immunoglobulin genes would form the background of an intrinsic polygenic group involved in viral infection pathology.
Assuntos
Genes Virais , Genes , Viroses/genética , Alelos , Animais , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Elementos de DNA Transponíveis , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Genes MHC da Classe II , Antígenos HLA , Humanos , Imunidade Inata , Imunoglobulinas/genética , Mutação , Oncogenes , Recombinação Genética , Viroses/imunologiaRESUMO
Anti-albumin antibodies previously described by different authors in viral hepatitis were also investigated in patients with other diseases. Significant titers of such antibodies could be detected -- by passive hemagglutination reactions using a system of bovine serum albumin-coated sheep red blood cells and human sera -- not only in viral hepatitis, but also in infectious mononucleosis cases and in patients with different forms of cancer. Onto-phylogenetic considerations on the significance of these antibodies for different stages of the process of cell de-differentiation or for disorders of intercellular contacts under the action of some viral agents are discussed.
Assuntos
Anticorpos/análise , Hepatite Viral Humana/imunologia , Mononucleose Infecciosa/imunologia , Neoplasias/imunologia , Albumina Sérica/imunologia , HumanosRESUMO
A limited number of passages (up to 10) in human diploid cells (HDC) does not lead to changes in the phenotypic markers indicating the degree of attenuation of the vaccine strains of measles virus (Schwarz, Leningrad-16, Edmonston-Zagreb). At the same time, the increase in virus titer and the acquiring of immunogenicity when administered by nonparenteral (conjunctival, nasal) routes represent the prerequisites of a convenient form of application of the measles vaccine prepared in HDC.
Assuntos
Vacina contra Sarampo/administração & dosagem , Sarampo/prevenção & controle , Administração Intranasal , Administração Oral , Epitélio/microbiologia , Hemaglutinação por Vírus , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Interferons/imunologia , Linfócitos/microbiologia , Vacina contra Sarampo/imunologia , Vírus do Sarampo/imunologia , Vírus do Sarampo/patogenicidade , Monócitos/microbiologia , Técnicas de Cultura de Órgãos , Temperatura , Vacinas Atenuadas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologia , Ensaio de Placa Viral , Replicação ViralRESUMO
An experimental latent herpes infection was established by intradermal inoculation of the mouse ear or of the footpad with a wild strain and a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of herpes virus type 2. The wild strain was latency-positive irrespective of the inoculation site; the ts mutant induced latent ganglionic infection only when inoculated in the footpad. Neutralizing antibodies could be detected only after inoculation of the wild strain. The establishment of latency was not prevented by the presence of either a humoral or a cell-mediated immune response.
Assuntos
Herpes Simples/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Formação de Anticorpos , Imunidade Celular , Interferon gama/análise , Fatores Inibidores da Migração de Macrófagos/análise , Camundongos , Mutação , Testes de Neutralização , Simplexvirus/imunologia , Simplexvirus/patogenicidade , Baço/imunologiaRESUMO
The authors discuss different aspects of the rapid diagnosis of viral infections: its necessity, its characteristics, the recent advances having allowed the development of modern techniques. Further, the main categories of procedures used in rapid viral diagnosis are reviewed: 1) electron microscopy, 2) immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques; 3) solid-phase systems with labelled reactants; 4) agglutination with supporting particles; 5) counterimmunoelectrophoresis; 6) rapid/early serological diagnosis. Data are discussed as regards the possibility of the large-scale application of rapid viral diagnosis procedures in Romania.
Assuntos
Viroses/diagnóstico , Testes de Aglutinação , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Antígenos Virais/análise , Contraimunoeletroforese , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Imunofluorescência , Testes de Hemaglutinação , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Imunoglobulina M/análise , Testes de Fixação do Látex , Microscopia Eletrônica , Radioimunoensaio , Romênia , Testes SorológicosRESUMO
A rapid, easy-to-perform and specific technique for the visualization of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-induced cell surface antigens is described. The technique consists in the incubation of HSV-infected cells with hyperimmune HSV antiserum and formation of rosettes with FITC-labelled Cowan strain staphylococci containing protein A. The "nonspecific background" of the reaction can be estimated by comparison with the rate of bacteria binding by control cells not incubated with HSV antiserum.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Superfície/análise , Simplexvirus/imunologia , Proteína Estafilocócica A/imunologia , Células Cultivadas , Embrião de Mamíferos , Imunofluorescência , Células HeLa , Humanos , Formação de RosetaRESUMO
The biological characteristics of a measles virus strain (Co-69/pi) isolated from a selected chronically infected calf kidney cell line (K-2) are studied in comparison with those of thw wild parental CO-69 and of the attenuated Schwarz measles virus strain. Co-69/pi is a variant of the parental Co-69 virus and has characteristics of an attenuated strain. Some of the characteristics acquired by the Co-69/pi strain (cytopathogenicity, size of plaques) proved to be stable in the course of passages on a simian substrate. The mechanism having led to the appearance of this variant in the chronically infected cell line are discussed.
Assuntos
Vírus do Sarampo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Linhagem Celular , Efeito Citopatogênico Viral , Variação Genética , Hemaglutinação por Vírus , Temperatura Alta , Vírus do Sarampo/imunologia , Replicação ViralRESUMO
The NIVGRIP inactivated influenza vaccine prepared in the "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology has proved its efficacy in the specific prophylaxis of influenza. The vaccine can be administered by nasal and/or oral route and has a very low reactogenicity. Application of the NIVGRIP vaccine results in seroconversion rates of 50-70% and in rises in the levels of local neutralizing antibodies in 75-80% of the vaccines. Numerous epidemiological surveys have ascertained that the protection rate obtained by nasal administration of the NIVGRIP vaccine ranges from 50 to 90%, being comparable with that of other commercially available vaccines. The advantages of the use of an inactivated, whole virus vaccine applicable by nonparenteral routes are discussed.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Administração Intranasal , Administração Oral , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Antivirais/biossíntese , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Influenza Humana/microbiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Respiratórias/microbiologia , VacinaçãoRESUMO
Human gamma type interferon (IFN) preparations were obtained through phytohemagglutinin stimulation of leukocytes from the peripheral blood. Biological value of these preparations varied between 160 u and 800 u/ml, depending on leukocyte incubation medium, culture system and inductor conservation. The rising of the antiviral activity through association between gamma (3 u) and alpha (27 u) interferons was revealed by the virus quantity reduction (in this case the vesicular stomatitis virus was used) during a 24-hour multiplication cycle. The protection ensured by the mixture of the two types of interferon was about ten times higher than the additive effect of the two preparations. Study of the antiproliferative activity of a gamma interferon preparation was conducted on two human cell lines of tumoral origin (T-10 from a glioblastoma, and HEp-2) and revealed the difficulties to quantify precisely this property of the crude gamma interferon preparations.