Trimethylamine N-oxide reduction is related to probiotic strain specificity: A systematic review.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the leading cause of death in individuals worldwide. Gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) can be metabolized from phosphatidylcholine, choline, and l-carnitine and may play an important role in CVD etiology. Thus, this systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotics to mitigate TMAO concentrations by gut microbiota modulation. A systematic review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis protocol from databases: PubMed, Web of Sciences, CENTRAL, and Scopus. Controlled intervention studies published until January 3, 2022, with a population at cardiovascular risk were included. The risk of bias was assessed by RoB 2.0 and SYRCLE's for humans and animals' studies, respectively. The search in the database returned 5389 studies, of which 8 matched all criteria to final qualitative analysis. Four studies were controlled trials with humans (total population = 115) and 4 were animal model studies. The body of evidence on the use of probiotics to reduce TMAO concentrations shows that only a few strains have this beneficial effect. This review can conclude that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG were the most efficient strains in reducing the plasma TMAO level in both humans and animals. In addition, it is worth mentioning the promising character of Lactobacillus plantarum ZDY04, Lactobacillus amylovorus LAM 1345, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP1145, and Enterobacter aerogenes ZDY01 for having had the same effect in animals.

Estado nutricional das crianças de 0 a 6 anos na Unidade Básica de Saúde do Jardim Uniäo da Vitória - Londrina, PR / Nutritional status of children from 0 to 6 years old in the Jardim Uniäo da Vitória, Health Basic Unit - Londrina, PR

Com o objetivo de determinar o estado nutricional das crianças de 0 a 6 anos do Jardim Uniäo da Vitória, Zona Sul de Londrina, analisou-se uma amostra de 241 crianças entre 0 a 6 anos de idade atendidas na Unidade Básica de Saúde Orlando Cestari, localizada no Jardim Uniäo da Vitória. Os dados antropométricos (peso e altura) e outros obtidos através de um questionário contendo informaçöes sobre o nível de escolaridade, renda familiar, realizaçäo de pré-natal pelas mäes, uso de drogas e tabaco na gravidez, baixo peso ao nascer, ocorrência de hospitalizaçäo por infecçäo nos últimos 12 meses, foram analisados estatisticamente pelo Teste do Qui- quadrado ou Teste Exato de Fisher. Os resultos obtidos demonstraram que 33 por cento das crianças apresentam desnutriçäo. Os fatores associados na determinaçäo da desnutriçäo da populaçäo estudada foram o baixo peso ao nascer em menores de 12 meses e maior número de hospitalizaçöes por infecçäo