The pyroptosis mediated biomarker pattern: an emerging diagnostic approach for Parkinson's disease.

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) affects 1% of people over 60, and long-term levodopa treatment can cause side effects. Early diagnosis is of great significance in slowing down the pathological process of PD. Multiple pieces of evidence showed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) could participate in the progression of PD pathology. Pyroptosis is known to be regulated by ncRNAs as a key pathological feature of PD. Therefore, evaluating ncRNAs and pyroptosis-related proteins in serum could be worthy biomarkers for early diagnosis of PD. METHODS: NcRNAs and pyroptosis/inflammation mRNA levels were measured with reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Luciferase assays were performed to confirm GSDME as a target of miR-675-5p and HMGB1 as a target of miR-1247-5p. In the serum of healthy controls (n = 106) and PD patients (n = 104), RT-qPCR was utilized to assess miR-675-5p, miR-1247-5p, and two related ncRNAs (circSLC8A1and lncH19) levels. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measured serum levels of pyroptosis-related proteins in controls (n = 54) and PD patients (n = 70). RESULTS: Our data demonstrated that miR-675-5p and miR-1247-5p significantly changed in PD neuron and animal models. Overexpressed miR-675-5p or downregulated miR-1247-5p could regulate pyroptosis and inflammation in PD neuron models. Using the random forest algorithm, we constructed a classifier based on PD neuron-pyroptosis pathology (four ncRNAs and six proteins) having better predictive power than single biomarkers (AUC = 92%). Additionally, we verified the performance of the classifier in early-stage PD patients (AUC ≥ 88%). CONCLUSION: Serum pyroptosis-related ncRNAs and proteins could serve as reliable, inexpensive, and non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for PD. LIMITATIONS: All participants were from the same region. Additionally, longitudinal studies in the aged population are required to explore the practical application value of the classifier.

Analysis of the primary factors influencing donor derived cell-free DNA testing in kidney transplantation.

The donor-derived cell-free DNA (ddcfDNA) is found in the plasma and urine of kidney transplant recipients and displays notable potential in diagnosing rejection, specifically antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). Nonetheless, the quantitative methods of ddcfDNA lacking standardization and diverse detection techniques can impact the test outcomes. Besides, both the fraction and absolute values of ddcfDNA have been reported as valuable markers for rejection diagnosis, but they carry distinct meanings and are special in various pathological conditions. Additionally, ddcfDNA is highly sensitive to kidney transplant injury. The various sampling times and combination with other diseases can indeed impact ddcfDNA detection values. This review comprehensively analyses the various factors affecting ddcfDNA detection in kidney transplantation, including the number of SNPs and sequencing depths. Furthermore, different pathological conditions, distinct sampling time points, and the presence of complex heterologous signals can influence ddcfDNA testing results in kidney transplantation. The review also provides insights into ddcfDNA testing on different platforms along with key considerations.

NT5E is associated with unfavorable prognosis and regulates cell proliferation and motility in gastric cancer.

Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (NT5E) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored cell surface protein, and has been suggested to be dysregulated in most types of human cancer including gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to present more evidence about the clinical and prognostic value of Ecto-5'-nucleotidase in gastric cancer patients, and preliminarily explore the biological function of Ecto-5'-nucleotidase in gastric cancer cells. In our study, high Ecto-5'-nucleotidase expression was observed in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines, respectively, compared with normal gastric mucosa tissues cells. Meanwhile, TCGA database also indicated that Ecto-5'-nucleotidase expression levels were notably elevated in gastric cancer tissues compared with normal gastric mucosa tissues. Furthermore, high-expression of Ecto-5'-nucleotidase was obviously associated with advanced clinical stage, deep tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis in gastric cancer patients. The survival analyses of TCGA database and our study consistent suggested high Ecto-5'-nucleotidase expression was negatively correlated with overall survival time in gastric cancer patients. The univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model showed high Ecto-5'-nucleotidase expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for gastric cancer patients. Moreover, silencing of Ecto-5'-nucleotidase expression suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro in gastric cancer. In conclusion, Ecto-5'-nucleotidase is a credible prognostic biomarker, and serves as a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer.