[Validation of the Adolescent Victimization through Mobile Phone and Internet Scale]. / Validación de la Escala de Victimización entre Adolescentes a Través del Teléfono Móvil y de Internet.

OBJECTIVE: To validate the adolescent victimization through mobile phone and internet scale (CYBVIC) through analysis of its psychometric properties. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which two independent samples of adolescents aged 11-19, both male and female, participated. The first sample was comprised of 1 934 Spanish adolescents, and the second sample, 1 483 Mexican adolescents. An exploratory factor analysis of the scale was done with the first sample and a confirmatory factor analysis with the second. Multigroup and reliability analyses, as well as an analysis of the correlation of the scale's dimensions with various external variables related to psychological adjustment (depressive symptomatology, perceived stress, loneliness, satisfaction with life, and traditional victimization), were also conducted. Results. Two factors, called cybmóvil [cyber mobile] and cybinternet [cyber internet], were found, which together explained 52% of the variance. These factors were consistent with the original hypothesis. The confirmatory factor analysis showed the model's adequate fit to two correlated factors. The data indicated the factorial invariance of the questionnaire between the Spanish and Mexican samples. The reliability analysis confirmed that the scale has sufficient internal consistency. Significant correlations were found between the cybmóvil/cybinternet factors and the external variables with which they were related. CONCLUSIONS: The CYBVIC scale has adequate psychometric properties and can be used as a valid and reliable measure in new research, which could expand knowledge about the growing international problem of cyberbullying among adolescents.

Peer Victimization and Dating Violence Victimization: The Mediating Role of Loneliness, Depressed Mood, and Life Satisfaction.

Peer victimization and dating violence victimization have serious negative effects on adolescents' health, and they seem to be related. However, the mediating processes in this relationship have not been sufficiently analyzed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the direct and indirect relationships between peer victimization and dating violence victimization, considering the possible mediator role of loneliness, depressed mood, and life satisfaction. These relationships are analyzed in boys and girls, and in early and middle adolescence. From an initial sample of 1,038 Spanish adolescents, those who had or had had in the past 12 months a dating relationship (647 adolescents; 49.1% boys, M = 14.38, SD = 1.43) were included in this study. Multigroup structural equation modeling was used to test a double mediation model simultaneously for boys and girls, testing the invariance of the relationships among variables across genders. The same technique was used to test the model simultaneously for early and middle adolescence, testing the invariance of the relationships among variables across age groups. Results revealed a positive direct relationship between peer victimization and dating violence victimization, as well as the partial mediating role of loneliness and life satisfaction in this relationship. The mediator role of depressed mood was not supported. The same mediational model was confirmed in boys and girls, and in early and middle adolescence. These results highlight the important role of loneliness and life satisfaction to explain the link between peer victimization and dating violence victimization in adolescence. These findings may be useful for developing intervention programs aimed at preventing situations of multiple victimization during adolescence.

[Cyberbullying: adolescent victimization through mobile phone and internet]. / Cyberbullying: victimización entre adolescentes a través del teléfono móvil y de Internet.

The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of victimization through mobile phone and internet. The differences of gender and academic year in the type of electronic aggression were also examined. The sample comprised 2001 adolescents of both genders and ages between 11 and 17 years. Results indicated that 24.6% of the adolescents had been bullied by mobile phone during the last year, and 29% through internet. In most of the electronic aggressions, girls were more bullied than boys. It was also observed that students attending the first two years of secondary education tended to be more victimized.

Relations among Romantic Myths, Offline Dating Violence Victimization and Cyber Dating Violence Victimization in Adolescents.

Cyber dating violence is an increasing problem with serious negative consequences for adolescents. Further knowledge about related variables is necessary to develop preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlations among cyber dating violence victimization (cyber-control and cyber-aggression), offline dating violence victimization (physical, verbal-emotional, and relational) and adolescents' beliefs in myths of romantic love; and to examine possible differences in cyber-control victimization, cyber-aggression victimization and offline dating violence victimization (relational, physical and verbal-emotional) according to adolescents' levels of belief (low vs. high) in myths of romantic love. The role of offline dating violence victimization (physical, verbal-emotional and relational) and romantic myths as predictor variables of cyber-control and cyber-aggression victimization was also explored. All these analyses were carried out separately with boys and girls. Of an initial sample of 919 adolescents, those who have had a dating relationship in the past year (492 adolescents, M = 15.10, SD = 1.59) were included. The regression analyses revealed that offline dating violence victimization and romantic myths were significant predictors of cyber-control and cyber-aggression victimization for both boys and girls, but explained variance was higher for girls. Verbal-emotional offline dating violence victimization was the main predictor of cyber-control victimization, and physical and relational offline dating violence victimizations were the main predictors of cyber-aggression victimization. These results can be useful for developing more effective offline and cyber dating violence prevention programs.

Loneliness, Depressive Mood and Cyberbullying Victimization in Adolescent Victims of Cyber Dating Violence.

Currently, cyber dating violence (CDV) is a serious health problem among adolescents due to their frequent use of communication technologies in their romantic relationships including the use of these technologies to perpetrate dating violence. However, research on this topic is recent and more studies about victims' psychosocial adjustment are needed. The objectives of this study were to analyze the prevalence of CDV victimization according to frequency (occasional and frequent) and type (cyber control and cyber-aggression) and to explore their relations with loneliness, depressive mood and cyberbullying victimization. A total of 604 adolescents (M age = 14.32, SD = 1.67) who had a dating relationship at the time or in the past 12 months, participated in this study. The results showed a higher prevalence for cyber-control than cyber-aggression victimization, and positive correlations of CDV victimization with depressive mood and cyberbullying victimization in boys and girls. Positive correlations with loneliness were also observed for girls. The average effect size of the aforementioned correlations was large for girls and medium for boys. Both boys and girls who were frequent victims of CDV also suffered more cyberbullying by peers than those who were never, and occasionally, cyber victimized by their partners. Girls who were frequent victims of CDV also reported higher scores for loneliness and depressive mood, with a small average effect size. All these results highlight close relations between cyberbullying and CDV in adolescents, being necessary to pay greater attention to possible experiences of poly-victimization, and a worse psychosocial adjustment in frequently victimized girls than boys. These findings may be useful for developing more effective intervention programs.

Cyberbullying among Adolescents: Psychometric Properties of the CYB-AGS Cyber-Aggressor Scale.

The present study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the revised version of the Adolescent Cyber-Aggressor scale (CYB-AGS). This scale is composed of 18 items that measure direct and indirect cyberbullying. A cross-sectional study was conducted using two independent samples of adolescents. The first sample included 1318 adolescents (52.6% girls) from 12 to 16 years old (M = 13.89, SD = 1.32). The second sample included 1188 adolescents (48.5% boys) from 12 to 16 years old (M = 14.19, SD = 1.80). First, to study the psychometric properties of the CYB-AGS, exploratory factor analysis was performed on Sample 1. Results indicated a two-factor structure: direct cyber-aggression and indirect cyber-aggression. Second, to verify the structure of the CYB-AGS, we selected Sample 2 to conduct confirmatory factor analysis and test the scale's convergent validity with theoretically-related measures. Results confirmed the reliability and validity of the two-dimensional model. Moreover, measurement invariance was established. Finally, regarding convergent validity, positive correlations were obtained between cyberbullying and aggressive behaviors in school, anger expression, negative attitudes towards school, and transgression of norms. Furthermore, negative correlations were found between cyberbullying and attitudes towards institutional authority.

Parents' Willingness and Perception of Children's Autonomy as Predictors of Greater Independent Mobility to School.

The present study aimed to examine the factors associated with different forms of independent mobility (IM) to school (IM one way and IM both ways) according to their parents' opinions. To do so, several variables were evaluated: how parents assess their children's autonomy, the difficulty they perceive for IM to school, reasons for IM/no IM to school, parents' willingness for IM to school, frequency of children's IM for leisure activities, children having house keys and dangers perceived in the neighborhood. Family-related socio-demographic variables were also assessed: number of children, position occupied by them in the family, family composition, living with both parents or just one, and each parent's nationality, level of education and job status. This study examined the data collected from 1450 parents (mothers and fathers) with children studying Primary Education years 4, 5 and 6 (M age = 10.53, SD = 0.90). The results showed that 42.3% of the schoolchildren did not practice IM to school, 18.1% practiced IM one way (they went to or from school alone), and 39.5% practiced IM both way (they went to/from school alone). These findings underline the importance of parents' willingness for IM to school, and how the balance between how they perceive their children's autonomy and difficulty for IM is relevant for greater IM to school.

Effects of Intervention Program Prev@cib on Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying.

Due to the negative consequences of being bullied and the increase in cyberbullying among adolescents, there is a need for evidence-based programs to prevent and intervene in these types of peer violence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Prev@cib bullying and cyberbullying program, drawing on three theoretical frameworks: the ecological model, empowerment theory, and the model of personal and social responsibility. The Prev@cib program was evaluated using a repeated-measures pre-post-test design with an experimental group and a control group. The sample consisted of 660 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old (M = 13.58, SD = 1.26), randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Repeated-measures ANOVA of pre-post-test scores were conducted. Results showed a significant decrease in bullying and victimization and cyberbullying and cybervictimization in the experimental group, compared to the control group, indicating that the Prev@cib program is effective in reducing bullying and cyberbullying. Taking into account the harmful effects of these types of violence, the results have important implications in the prevention of these behaviors because they provide scientific evidence of the program's effectiveness.

Reduction of sexist attitudes, romantic myths, and aggressive behaviors in adolescents: Efficacy of the DARSI program.

BACKGROUND: The DARSI program (Developing Healthy and Egalitarian Adolescent Relationships) aims to prevent peer aggressive behaviors inside and outside social networks and educate adolescents on gender equality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the program on the reduction of sexist attitudes, myths of romantic love and aggressive behaviors in adolescents. METHOD: 191 adolescents, aged 12 to 17 years (53.93% girls), assigned to an experimental group (3 classrooms) and two control groups (6 classrooms in two educational centers) participated in this study. A quasi-experimental design with control group was used and the effectiveness of the program was evaluated using a repeated measures factorial design. RESULTS: Findings showed a significant decrease in the experimental group in hostile sexism, benevolent sexism, myths of romantic love, direct aggression, relational aggression, and cyber-aggression. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of the evaluated program and the viability of joint interventions in the prevention of peer violence and teen dating violence are observed.

[Differences in protective factors of substance use in early and middle adolescence]. / Diferencias en factores de protección del consumo de sustancias en la adolescencia temprana y media.

This study focuses on possible differences in protective factors of substance use in early and middle adolescence. These possible differences are analysed by means of the same structural equation model applied to two different samples of adolescents: the first sample is made up of 450 adolescents, ages 12 to 14 years, and second of 203 adolescents, ages 15 to 17 years. The results indicate that adequate family communication is a protective factor in both samples, whereas high social self-esteem is proposed as a risk factor in middle adolescence. The adolescent's family self-esteem and attitudes towards authority are also relevant factors in both samples. These results may have important implications in the development of future intervention programmes.

Análisis de los diferentes roles de violencia de pareja en la victimización y agresión entre iguales / Analysis of the Different Roles of Intimate Partner Violence in Peer Victimization and Aggression

Diferentes estudios evidencian la relación entre la violencia entre iguales y de pareja en adolescentes. Sin embargo, se precisa mayor conocimiento sobre ellas. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar posibles diferencias en violencia entre iguales (ejercida y sufrida) en adolescentes con diferente rol en la violencia de pareja (agresor, víctima, agresor-víctima y no implicado). La muestra inicial estuvo compuesta por 1078 adolescentes, pero para los propósitos del estudio se consideró a los que tuvieron pareja en el último año, 672 adolescentes (51,6% chicas) entre 12-18 años (M= 14,45; DT= 1,62). Estos adolescentes completaron la escala CADRI, la escala VE-I de victimización entre iguales y la escala de conducta violenta de Little et al. (2003). Los resultados indicaron que la victimización y violencia entre iguales estaba relacionada con el abuso de pareja. El alumnado con rol frecuente de agresor-víctima en la pareja mostraba más violencia entre iguales. Las chicas víctimas de violencia de pareja eran más victimizadas por sus compañeros. Estos resultados evidencian una fuerte relación entre estas problemáticas, que afectan gravemente al bienestar de los adolescentes. (AU)

Different studies show the relationship between peer violence and teen dating violence. However, more knowledge is needed about this relationship. The aim of this study was to explore possible differences in peer violence (perpetrated and suffered) in adolescents with different role in teen dating violence (aggressor, victim, aggressor-victim, and not involved). The initial sample was composed of 1078 adolescents, but for the purposes of this study, only those students who had a partner in the last year were considered, 672 students (51,6% girls) aged 12-18 years (M= 14,45, SD= 1,62). These adolescents completed the CADRI scale, the VEI peer victimization scale, and the violent behavior scale by Little et al. (2003). The results indicated that peer violence victimization and perpetration were closely related to dating abuse (victimization and perpetration) in adolescents. Students with frequent aggressor-victim role in partner relationships showed more peer violence behaviors. Girls victims of teen dating violence were more victimized by their classmates. These results show a strong relationship between these two problems, which seriously affect the well-being of adolescents. (AU)

Individual and social risk factors related to overt victimization in a sample of Spanish adolescents.

This study analyzes the role of adolescents' self-esteem, loneliness, sociometric status, and perceptions of family and classroom environment on overt vicitimization by peers in a sample of 1319 Spanish adolescents (48% boys and 52% girls), ages 11 to 16 years (M=13.7, SD=1.5). The findings from structural equation modeling suggest that adolescents' self-esteem, loneliness, and sociometric status had a significant direct effect on overt victimization by peers, and adolescents' perceptions of family and classroom environment had a significant indirect effect on peer overt victimization mediated by self-esteem, loneliness, and sociometric status. The findings are discussed with the consideration of these variables as individual and social risk factors for overt victimization by peers.

[Family and school violence: the mediator role of self-esteem and attitudes towards institutional authority]. / Familia y violencia escolar: el rol mediador de la autoestima y la actitud hacia la autoridad institucional.

This study analyses the influence of family communication and parental valuation of school on adolescent violent behaviour at school. By means of a structural equation model, both its direct and indirect influence through school and family self-esteem of the adolescent and his attitude towards school authority are analysed. The sample is composed of 665 adolescents whose ages range from 12 to 16 years old. The results confirm the existence of an indirect relationship but not direct influence of the family on school violence. The attitude of the adolescent towards school authority is the mediator variable which shows the strongest direct effect on school violence. Also, the two dimensions of self-esteem considered are significant intermediate variables. These results and their implications are analysed.

Victimization, loneliness, overt and relational violence at the school from a gender perspective.

This ex post facto study analyzes both the direct relationships between victimization and overt and relational violent behavior of students adolescents as the indirect relationships between these variables through the classroom environment, the loneliness, the nonconformist ideal reputation and transgression of social norms. The sample consisted of 1,795 adolescents (48% females) aged 11 to 18 years (M = 14.2, SD = 1.68). We used a structural equation model to analyze the effect of classroom environment and victimization in violent manifest and relational behavior. The results found that a direct positive relationship between victimization and relational violent behavior and a direct negative relationship between classroom environment and overt violent behavior. In addition, classroom environment and victimization were indirectly related to overt and relational violence through its relationship with loneliness, nonconformist ideal reputation and transgression of social norms. Multigroup analysis results indicated that the relationship between loneliness and relational violent behavior was significant for boys but not for girls. Finally, we discuss the results and their practical implications in the school context.

Este estudio ex post facto analiza tanto las relaciones directas existentes entre la victimización y la conducta violenta manifiesta y relacional de adolescentes escolarizados como las relaciones indirectas entre esas variables a través del clima escolar, la soledad, la reputación ideal no conformista y la transgresión de normas sociales. La muestra está compuesta por 1.795 adolescentes (48% mujeres) de edades comprendidas entre 11 y 18 años (M = 14,2; DT = 1,68). Se utiliza un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para analizar el efecto del clima escolar y la victimización en la conducta violenta manifiesta y relacional. Los resultados indican una relación directa y positiva entre la victimización y la conducta violenta relacional y una relación directa y negativa entre el clima escolar y la conducta violenta manifiesta. Además, el clima escolar y la victimización se relacionan indirectamente con la violencia manifiesta y relacional a través de sus relaciones con la soledad, la reputación ideal no conformista y la transgresión de normas sociales. Los resultados del análisis multigrupo indican que la relación entre la soledad y la conducta violenta relacional es significativa para los chicos pero no para las chicas. Finalmente, se discuten los resultados obtenidos y sus implicaciones prácticas en el contexto escolar.

Parental communication and life satisfaction in adolescence.

This study aims to analyze the influence of communication with the mother and father on adolescents' life satisfaction, as well as possible indirect effects through self-esteem, feelings of loneliness, and perceived classroom environment. These relationships, and possible gender differences, were analyzed in a sample of 1,795 adolescents (52% male, 48% female) aged 11 to 18 years-old (M = 14.2, SD = 1.68), using structural equation modeling. Results indicate a direct effect of communication-mother (girls: ß = .19, p < .001; boys: ß = .16, p < .05) and communication-father (girls: ß = .22, p < .001; boys: ß = .17, p < .05) on adolescent life satisfaction; and also indirect effects through self-esteem (communication-mother: girls, ß = .18, p < .01; boys: ß = .19, p < .05; communication-father: girls: ß = .28, p < .001; boys: ß = .27, p < .01) and feelings of loneliness (communication-mother: girls: ß = -.19, p < .01; boys: ß = -.21, p < .05; communication-father: girls: ß = -.31, p < .001; boys: ß = -.20, p < .01). The results and implications of this study are discussed.

Reduction of sexist attitudes, romantic myths, and aggressive behaviors in adolescents: efficacy of the darsi program / Disminución de actitudes sexistas, mitos románticos y conductas agresivas en adolescentes: eficacia del programa DARSI

Background: The DARSI program (Developing Healthy and Egalitarian Adolescent Relationships) aims to prevent peer aggressive behaviors inside and outside social networks and educate adolescents on gender equality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the program on the reduction of sexist attitudes, myths of romantic love and aggressive behaviors in adolescents. Method: 191 adolescents, aged 12 to 17 years (53.93% girls), assigned to an experimental group (3 classrooms) and two control groups (6 classrooms in two educational centers) participated in this study. A quasi-experimental design with control group was used and the effectiveness of the program was evaluated using a repeated measures factorial design. Results: Findings showed a significant decrease in the experimental group in hostile sexism, benevolent sexism, myths of romantic love, direct aggression, relational aggression, and cyber-aggression. Conclusions: The effectiveness of the evaluated program and the viability of joint interventions in the prevention of peer violence and teen dating violence are observed

Antecedentes: el programa DARSI (Desarrollando en Adolescentes Relaciones Saludables e Igualitarias) tiene como finalidad prevenir conductas agresivas entre iguales dentro y fuera de las redes sociales y formar a los adolescentes en igualdad de género. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos del programa en la disminución de actitudes sexistas, mitos del amor romántico y conductas agresivas en adolescentes. Método: en este estudio participaron 191 adolescentes, de 12 a 17 años (53,93% chicas), asignados a un grupo experimental (3 aulas) y dos grupos control (6 aulas de dos centros educativos). Se utilizó un diseño cuasi-experimental con grupo control y se evaluó la efectividad del programa mediante diseño factorial de medidas repetidas. Resultados: los resultados mostraron una disminución significativa en el grupo experimental en sexismo hostil, sexismo benevolente, mitos del amor romántico, agresión directa, agresión relacional y ciberagresión. Conclusiones: se constata la efectividad del programa evaluado y la viabilidad de intervenir conjuntamente en la prevención de la violencia entre iguales y la violencia de pareja en adolescentes

Cyberbullying, psychosocial adjustment, and suicidal ideation in adolescence / Ciberacoso escolar, ajuste psicosocial e ideación suicida en la adolescencia

Cyberbullying has become a growing social concern among the scientific community and in society in general. The consequences of cyberbullying for the victim are quite serious; many indicators of social maladjustment have been found, with suicide ideation being especially noteworthy. From this perspective, the main objective of this study was to analyze the relationships between cybervictimization and suicide ideation in adolescent victims of cyberbullying through the psychosocial maladjustment variables of loneliness, depressive symptomatology, perceived stress, and psychological distress. Participants in this study were 1,062 adolescents (547 boys, 515 girls), ranging in age from 12 to 18 years old (M = 14.51, SD = 1.62). The structural equations model showed that cybervictimization is directly and indirectly related to suicide ideation. Indirect relationships were found to have a greater effect on suicide ideation than the direct effects of cybervictimization. The relevance of these results for scientific research are discussed, as well as their implications for future scientific studies

El ciberacoso escolar suscita una creciente preocupación social en la comunidad científica y en la sociedad en general. Las consecuencias del mismo en la víctima son muy serias: se han encontrado numerosos indicadores de desajuste social, entre los cuales destaca la ideación suicida. Desde esta perspectiva, el objetivo principal de este trabajo ha sido analizar las relaciones entre la cibervictimización y la ideación suicida en adolescentes víctimas de ciberacoso escolar a través de las variables de desajuste psicosocial de soledad, sintomatología depresiva, estrés percibido y malestar psicológico. En esta investigación participaron 1,062 adolescentes (547 chicos y 515 chicas), con un rango de edad que oscila entre los 12 y 18 años (M = 14.51, DT = 1.62). El modelo de ecuaciones estructurales mostró que la cibervictimización se relaciona directa e indirectamente con la ideación suicida. Las relaciones indirectas mostraron tener un efecto más elevado sobre la ideación suicida que los efectos directos de la cibervictimización. Se discute la relevancia de estos resultados para la investigación científica, así como sus implicaciones para futuros trabajos científicos

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Ciber-Violencia en Parejas Adolescentes (Cib-VPA) / Psychometric properties of the Cyber-Violence Scale in Adolescent Couples (Cib-VPA)

Resumen La utilización que los adolescentes hacen de las redes sociales, móviles e internet, para ejercer violencia hacia la pareja resulta preocupante. Por esta razón, es necesario disponer de instrumentos fiables, específicos para población adolescente y que permitan evaluar tanto situaciones de acoso como de victimización. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Ciber-violencia en Parejas Adolescentes (Cib-VPA). Esta escala consta de dos subescalas, ciberacoso perpetrado y cibervictimización, con 10 ítems cada una relativos a conductas agresivas y de control que pueden ser perpetradas o sufridas a través de redes sociales en parejas adolescentes. De una muestra inicial de 762 adolescentes, entre 12 y 18 años, aquellos que tenían pareja o la habían tenido en el último año cumplimentaron la escala Cib-VPA. La muestra final fue de 363 adolescentes (56.6% chicas). Mediante análisis factorial se constataron dos factores similares en cada subescala: cibercontrol (conductas de excesivo control) y ciberagresión (amenazas e insultos a través de redes sociales). La fiabilidad de estos factores es adecuada en las dos subescalas. Se observan, además, correlaciones positivas entre cibercontrol y ciberagresión, perpetrados y sufridos, y conductas de violencia y victimización en parejas adolescentes fuera de las redes sociales.

Abstract The use that adolescents make of social networks, mobile and the Internet to perpetrate violence towards their couple is worrying. Hence, it is necessary to have reliable instruments specific to the adolescent population to facilitate the evaluation of both harassment and victimization situations. The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Scale of Cyber-violence in Adolescent Couples (Cib-VPA). This scale consists of two sub-scales, Cyber-harassment perpetrated and Cyber-victimization, with 10 items related to aggressive and control behaviors that can be perpetrated or suffered through social networks in adolescent couples. From an initial sample of 762 adolescents aged 12-18, those who had a partner or had had a partner in the last year completed the Cib-VPA. The final sample included 363 adolescents (56.6 % girls). Factorial analysis confirmed two similar factors in each sub-scale: cyber-control (excessive control behaviors) and cyber-aggression (threats and insults through social networks). The reliability of these factors is adequate in the two subscales. Positive correlations between cyber-control and - perpetrated and suffered - cyber-aggression, violence and victimization behaviors in adolescent couples outside social networks are also observed.

Perfil psicosocial de adolescentes españoles agresores y víctimas de violencia de pareja / Psychosocial Profile of Spanish Adolescent Aggressors and Victims of Dating Violence

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar posibles diferencias en satisfacción con la vida, ánimo depresivo, autoconcepto y comunicación familiar entre adolescentes no implicados en violencia de pareja, agresores, víctimas, implicados en el rol de agresor-víctima de forma ocasional e implicados en este rol frecuentemente. Participaron 672 adolescentes españoles (325 chicas, 347 chicos), entre 12 y 19 años (M = 14.45; DT = 1.62). Los resultados muestran un perfil psicosocial más negativo en las chicas víctimas de violencia de pareja y en los chicos implicados frecuentemente en el rol de agresor-víctima. En las chicas con mayor implicación en violencia de pareja se observan también mayores dificultades en la comunicación familiar. Estos resultados muestran la existencia de perfiles psicosociales diferentes en chicos y chicas, que desempeñan diferentes roles en violencia de pareja, y la utilidad de considerar estos perfiles en el desarrollo de programas de intervención.

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze possible differences in life satisfaction, depressive mood, self-concept and family communication among adolescents not involved in dating violence, bullies, victims, occasionally involved in a role of aggressor-victim and frequently involved in a role of aggressor-victim were analyzed. 672 Spanish adolescents (325 girls, 347 boys) between 12 and 19 years (M = 14.45, SD = 1.62) participated in this study. The results show a more negative psychosocial profile in girls victims of dating violence and boys frequently involved in the role of aggressor-victim. More difficulties in family communication were also observed in girls with high involvement in dating violence. These results show the existence of different psychosocial profiles in adolescents, boys and girls, involved in different roles in dating violence and the usefulness of considering these specific profiles in the development of intervention programs.

[Factor structure of the Spanish adaptation of Tarrant's Group Identification Scale]. / Estructura factorial de la adaptación española de la Escala de Identificación Grupal de Tarrant.

In this study, the factor structure of the Spanish version of Tarrant's Group Identification Scale is analyzed. This scale is based on the social identity theory and measures cognitive, evaluative, and affective aspects of group identification. Although this scale has been considered unidimensionally with adolescents, it is based on previous group identification scales considered multidimensionally. From confirmatory analysis, some factor models were tested in two independent samples of adolescents: Spanish (N= 1,795) and Mexican (N= 1,494). The three-factor model (self-categorization, group evaluation, and commitment to the group) produced the best fit in both samples. Results are compatible with the multidimensional structure hypothesis of group identification.