RESUMO
Most tissue-resident macrophage (RTM) populations are seeded by waves of embryonic hematopoiesis and are self-maintained independently of a bone marrow contribution during adulthood. A proportion of RTMs, however, is constantly replaced by blood monocytes, and their functions compared to embryonic RTMs remain unclear. The kinetics and extent of the contribution of circulating monocytes to RTM replacement during homeostasis, inflammation, and disease are highly debated. Here, we identified Ms4a3 as a specific gene expressed by granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs) and subsequently generated Ms4a3TdT reporter, Ms4a3Cre, and Ms4a3CreERT2 fate-mapping models. These models traced efficiently monocytes and granulocytes, but no lymphocytes or tissue dendritic cells. Using these models, we precisely quantified the contribution of monocytes to the RTM pool during homeostasis and inflammation. The unambiguous identification of monocyte-derived cells will permit future studies of their function under any condition.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Expressão Gênica , Células Progenitoras de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/metabolismo , Granulócitos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Monócitos/metabolismo , Animais , Células Progenitoras de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/citologia , Granulócitos/citologia , Hematopoese/fisiologia , Homeostase/fisiologia , Inflamação/metabolismo , Macrófagos/citologia , Camundongos , Monócitos/citologiaRESUMO
Microglia are embryonically seeded macrophages that contribute to brain development, homeostasis, and pathologies. It is thus essential to decipher how microglial properties are temporally regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as sexual identity and the microbiome. Here, we found that microglia undergo differentiation phases, discernable by transcriptomic signatures and chromatin accessibility landscapes, which can diverge in adult males and females. Remarkably, the absence of microbiome in germ-free mice had a time and sexually dimorphic impact both prenatally and postnatally: microglia were more profoundly perturbed in male embryos and female adults. Antibiotic treatment of adult mice triggered sexually biased microglial responses revealing both acute and long-term effects of microbiota depletion. Finally, human fetal microglia exhibited significant overlap with the murine transcriptomic signature. Our study shows that microglia respond to environmental challenges in a sex- and time-dependent manner from prenatal stages, with major implications for our understanding of microglial contributions to health and disease.
Assuntos
Vida Livre de Germes , Microbiota , Microglia/citologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/microbiologia , Transcriptoma , Animais , Encéfalo/citologia , Encéfalo/embriologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Células Cultivadas , Montagem e Desmontagem da Cromatina , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Microglia/metabolismo , Gravidez , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Dendritic cells (DC) are currently classified as conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). Through a combination of single-cell transcriptomic analysis, mass cytometry, in vivo fate mapping and in vitro clonal assays, here we show that, at the single-cell level, the priming of mouse hematopoietic progenitor cells toward the pDC lineage occurs at the common lymphoid progenitor stage, indicative of early divergence of the pDC and cDC lineages. We found the transcriptional signature of a pDC precursor stage, defined here, in the IL-7Rα+ common lymphoid progenitor population and identified Ly6D, IL-7Rα, CD81 and CD2 as key markers of pDC differentiation, which distinguish pDC precursors from cDC precursors. In conclusion, pDCs developed in the bone marrow from a Ly6DhiCD2hi lymphoid progenitor cell and differentiated independently of the myeloid cDC lineage.
Assuntos
Antígenos Ly/metabolismo , Células Dendríticas/citologia , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Células Progenitoras Linfoides/citologia , Células Progenitoras Linfoides/metabolismo , Células Progenitoras Mieloides/citologia , Células Progenitoras Mieloides/metabolismo , Animais , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Biomarcadores , Células da Medula Óssea/citologia , Células da Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Diferenciação Celular/imunologia , Citometria de Fluxo , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Camundongos , TranscriptomaRESUMO
In the version of this article initially published, the equal contribution of the third author was omitted. The footnote links for that author should be "Sara Nejat1,11" and the correct statement is as follows: "11These authors contributed equally: Sarah A. Dick, Jillian A. Macklin, Sara Nejat." The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
RESUMO
Macrophages promote both injury and repair after myocardial infarction, but discriminating functions within mixed populations remains challenging. Here we used fate mapping, parabiosis and single-cell transcriptomics to demonstrate that at steady state, TIMD4+LYVE1+MHC-IIloCCR2- resident cardiac macrophages self-renew with negligible blood monocyte input. Monocytes partially replaced resident TIMD4-LYVE1-MHC-IIhiCCR2- macrophages and fully replaced TIMD4-LYVE1-MHC-IIhiCCR2+ macrophages, revealing a hierarchy of monocyte contribution to functionally distinct macrophage subsets. Ischemic injury reduced TIMD4+ and TIMD4- resident macrophage abundance, whereas CCR2+ monocyte-derived macrophages adopted multiple cell fates within infarcted tissue, including those nearly indistinguishable from resident macrophages. Recruited macrophages did not express TIMD4, highlighting the ability of TIMD4 to track a subset of resident macrophages in the absence of fate mapping. Despite this similarity, inducible depletion of resident macrophages using a Cx3cr1-based system led to impaired cardiac function and promoted adverse remodeling primarily within the peri-infarct zone, revealing a nonredundant, cardioprotective role of resident cardiac macrophages.
Assuntos
Macrófagos/fisiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/imunologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Animais , Receptor 1 de Quimiocina CX3C/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem da Célula , Autorrenovação Celular , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Parabiose , Receptores CCR2/genética , Receptores CCR2/metabolismo , Análise de Célula Única , Remodelação Ventricular , Proteínas de Transporte Vesicular/metabolismoRESUMO
Brain macrophage populations include parenchymal microglia, border-associated macrophages, and recruited monocyte-derived cells; together, they control brain development and homeostasis but are also implicated in aging pathogenesis and neurodegeneration. The phenotypes, localization, and functions of each population in different contexts have yet to be resolved. We generated a murine brain myeloid scRNA-seq integration to systematically delineate brain macrophage populations. We show that the previously identified disease-associated microglia (DAM) population detected in murine Alzheimer's disease models actually comprises two ontogenetically and functionally distinct cell lineages: embryonically derived triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2)-dependent DAM expressing a neuroprotective signature and monocyte-derived TREM2-expressing disease inflammatory macrophages (DIMs) accumulating in the brain during aging. These two distinct populations appear to also be conserved in the human brain. Herein, we generate an ontogeny-resolved model of brain myeloid cell heterogeneity in development, homeostasis, and disease and identify cellular targets for the treatment of neurodegeneration.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Microglia , Envelhecimento , Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Animais , Encéfalo/patologia , Humanos , Macrófagos/patologia , Glicoproteínas de Membrana , Camundongos , Microglia/patologia , Receptores ImunológicosRESUMO
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often develops following chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and responds poorly to immune checkpoint blockade. Here, we examined the antigen specificities of HCC-infiltrating T cells and their relevance to tumor control. Using highly multiplexed peptide-MHC tetramer staining of unexpanded cells from blood, liver, and tumor tissues from 46 HCC patients, we detected 91 different antigen-specific CD8+ T cell populations targeting HBV, neoantigen, tumor-associated, and disease-unrelated antigens. Parallel high-dimensional analysis delineated five distinct antigen-specific tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cell populations. Intratumoral and intrahepatic HBV-specific T cells were enriched for two Trm cell subsets that were PD-1loTOXlo, despite being clonally expanded. High frequencies of intratumoral terminally exhausted T cells were uncommon. Patients with tumor-infiltrating HBV-specific CD8+ Trm cells exhibited longer-term relapse-free survival. Thus, non-terminally exhausted HBV-specific CD8+ Trm cells show hallmarks of active involvement and effective antitumor response, implying that these cells could be harnessed for therapeutic purposes.
Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/imunologia , Memória Imunológica/imunologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/imunologia , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/imunologia , Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Hepatite B Crônica/imunologia , Proteínas de Grupo de Alta Mobilidade/metabolismo , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/imunologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/prevenção & controle , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/metabolismo , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) encompass dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages (MoMac), which exhibit antimicrobial, homeostatic, and immunoregulatory functions. We integrated 178,651 MNPs from 13 tissues across 41 datasets to generate a MNP single-cell RNA compendium (MNP-VERSE), a publicly available tool to map MNPs and define conserved gene signatures of MNP populations. Next, we generated a MoMac-focused compendium that revealed an array of specialized cell subsets widely distributed across multiple tissues. Specific pathological forms were expanded in cancer and inflammation. All neoplastic tissues contained conserved tumor-associated macrophage populations. In particular, we focused on IL4I1+CD274(PD-L1)+IDO1+ macrophages, which accumulated in the tumor periphery in a T cell-dependent manner via interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and CD40/CD40L-induced maturation from IFN-primed monocytes. IL4I1_Macs exhibited immunosuppressive characteristics through tryptophan degradation and promoted the entry of regulatory T cell into tumors. This integrated analysis provides a robust online-available platform for uniform annotation and dissection of specific macrophage functions in healthy and pathological states.
Assuntos
Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Monócitos/imunologia , Transcriptoma/genética , Macrófagos Associados a Tumor/imunologia , Artrite Reumatoide/imunologia , COVID-19/imunologia , Expressão Gênica/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Interferon gama/imunologia , L-Aminoácido Oxidase/metabolismo , Cirrose Hepática/imunologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Neoplasias/imunologia , RNA Citoplasmático Pequeno/genética , Análise de Célula Única , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Transcriptoma/imunologiaRESUMO
Tissue macrophages are immune cells whose phenotypes and functions are dictated by origin and niches. However, tissues are complex environments, and macrophage heterogeneity within the same organ has been overlooked so far. Here, we used high-dimensional approaches to characterize macrophage populations in the murine liver. We identified two distinct populations among embryonically derived Kupffer cells (KCs) sharing a core signature while differentially expressing numerous genes and proteins: a major CD206loESAM- population (KC1) and a minor CD206hiESAM+ population (KC2). KC2 expressed genes involved in metabolic processes, including fatty acid metabolism both in steady-state and in diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. Functional characterization by depletion of KC2 or targeted silencing of the fatty acid transporter Cd36 highlighted a crucial contribution of KC2 in the liver oxidative stress associated with obesity. In summary, our study reveals that KCs are more heterogeneous than anticipated, notably describing a subpopulation wired with metabolic functions.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD36/metabolismo , Células de Kupffer/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Obesidade/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Animais , CamundongosRESUMO
Granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs) have been previously defined for their potential to generate various myeloid progenies such as neutrophils and monocytes. Although studies have proposed lineage heterogeneity within GMPs, it is unclear if committed progenitors already exist among these progenitors and how they may behave differently during inflammation. By combining single-cell transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, we identified the early committed progenitor within the GMPs responsible for the strict production of neutrophils, which we designate as proNeu1. Our dissection of the GMP hierarchy led us to further identify a previously unknown intermediate proNeu2 population. Similar populations could be detected in human samples. proNeu1s, but not proNeu2s, selectively expanded during the early phase of sepsis at the expense of monocytes. Collectively, our findings help shape the neutrophil maturation trajectory roadmap and challenge the current definition of GMPs.
Assuntos
Células Precursoras de Granulócitos/citologia , Monócitos/citologia , Mielopoese/fisiologia , Neutrófilos/citologia , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Análise de Célula ÚnicaRESUMO
Microglia are specialized brain-resident macrophages that arise from primitive macrophages colonizing the embryonic brain1. Microglia contribute to multiple aspects of brain development, but their precise roles in the early human brain remain poorly understood owing to limited access to relevant tissues2-6. The generation of brain organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells recapitulates some key features of human embryonic brain development7-10. However, current approaches do not incorporate microglia or address their role in organoid maturation11-21. Here we generated microglia-sufficient brain organoids by coculturing brain organoids with primitive-like macrophages generated from the same human induced pluripotent stem cells (iMac)22. In organoid cocultures, iMac differentiated into cells with microglia-like phenotypes and functions (iMicro) and modulated neuronal progenitor cell (NPC) differentiation, limiting NPC proliferation and promoting axonogenesis. Mechanistically, iMicro contained high levels of PLIN2+ lipid droplets that exported cholesterol and its esters, which were taken up by NPCs in the organoids. We also detected PLIN2+ lipid droplet-loaded microglia in mouse and human embryonic brains. Overall, our approach substantially advances current human brain organoid approaches by incorporating microglial cells, as illustrated by the discovery of a key pathway of lipid-mediated crosstalk between microglia and NPCs that leads to improved neurogenesis.
Assuntos
Encéfalo , Colesterol , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas , Microglia , Células-Tronco Neurais , Neurogênese , Organoides , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Encéfalo/citologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/citologia , Microglia/citologia , Microglia/metabolismo , Organoides/citologia , Organoides/metabolismo , Colesterol/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neurais/citologia , Células-Tronco Neurais/metabolismo , Axônios , Proliferação de Células , Ésteres/metabolismo , Gotículas Lipídicas/metabolismoRESUMO
T cells play important multifaceted roles during dengue infection, and understanding their responses is important for defining correlates of protective immunity and identifying effective vaccine antigens. Using mass cytometry and a highly multiplexed peptide-HLA (human leukocyte antigen) tetramer staining strategy, we probed T cells from dengue patients-a total of 430 dengue and control candidate epitopes-together with key markers of activation, trafficking, and differentiation. During acute disease, dengue-specific CD8+ T cells expressed a distinct profile of activation and trafficking receptors that distinguished them from non-dengue-specific T cells. During convalescence, dengue-specific T cells differentiated into two major cell fates, CD57+ CD127--resembling terminally differentiated senescent memory cells and CD127+ CD57--resembling proliferation-capable memory cells. Validation in an independent cohort showed that these subsets remained at elevated frequencies up to one year after infection. These analyses aid our understanding of the generation of T cell memory in dengue infection or vaccination.
Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Vírus da Dengue/imunologia , Dengue/imunologia , Antígenos HLA/imunologia , Adulto , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Antígenos CD57/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular/imunologia , Proliferação de Células/fisiologia , Epitopos de Linfócito T/imunologia , Feminino , Antígenos HLA/classificação , Humanos , Memória Imunológica/imunologia , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-7/metabolismo , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, rapidly change states in response to their environment, but we lack molecular and functional signatures of different microglial populations. Here, we analyzed the RNA expression patterns of more than 76,000 individual microglia in mice during development, in old age, and after brain injury. Our analysis uncovered at least nine transcriptionally distinct microglial states, which expressed unique sets of genes and were localized in the brain using specific markers. The greatest microglial heterogeneity was found at young ages; however, several states-including chemokine-enriched inflammatory microglia-persisted throughout the lifespan or increased in the aged brain. Multiple reactive microglial subtypes were also found following demyelinating injury in mice, at least one of which was also found in human multiple sclerosis lesions. These distinct microglia signatures can be used to better understand microglia function and to identify and manipulate specific subpopulations in health and disease.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/imunologia , Lesões Encefálicas/imunologia , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Microglia/fisiologia , Esclerose Múltipla/imunologia , Adaptação Fisiológica , Envelhecimento/genética , Animais , Lesões Encefálicas/genética , Diferenciação Celular , Doenças Desmielinizantes , Humanos , Longevidade , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Análise de Sequência de RNA , Análise de Célula ÚnicaRESUMO
Human mononuclear phagocytes comprise phenotypically and functionally overlapping subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes, but the extent of their heterogeneity and distinct markers for subset identification remains elusive. By integrating high-dimensional single-cell protein and RNA expression data, we identified distinct markers to delineate monocytes from conventional DC2 (cDC2s). Using CD88 and CD89 for monocytes and HLA-DQ and FcεRIα for cDC2s allowed for their specific identification in blood and tissues. We also showed that cDC2s could be subdivided into phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets based on CD5, CD163, and CD14 expression, including a distinct subset of circulating inflammatory CD5-CD163+CD14+ cells related to previously defined DC3s. These inflammatory DC3s were expanded in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and correlated with disease activity. These findings further unravel the heterogeneity of DC subpopulations in health and disease and may pave the way for the identification of specific DC subset-targeting therapies.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/sangue , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/imunologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Fagócitos/imunologia , Antígenos CD/sangue , Antígenos CD/imunologia , Células Cultivadas , Citometria de Fluxo/métodos , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/sangue , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/imunologia , Monócitos/imunologia , Fenótipo , Análise de Célula ÚnicaRESUMO
Skin conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) exist as two distinct subsets, cDC1s and cDC2s, which maintain the balance of immunity to pathogens and tolerance to self and microbiota. Here, we examined the roles of dermal cDC1s and cDC2s during bacterial infection, notably Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). cDC1s, but not cDC2s, regulated the magnitude of the immune response to P. acnes in the murine dermis by controlling neutrophil recruitment to the inflamed site and survival and function therein. Single-cell mRNA sequencing revealed that this regulation relied on secretion of the cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor α (VEGF-α) by a minor subset of activated EpCAM+CD59+Ly-6D+ cDC1s. Neutrophil recruitment by dermal cDC1s was also observed during S. aureus, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), or E. coli infection, as well as in a model of bacterial insult in human skin. Thus, skin cDC1s are essential regulators of the innate response in cutaneous immunity and have roles beyond classical antigen presentation.
Assuntos
Acne Vulgar/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/classificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/imunologia , Infiltração de Neutrófilos/imunologia , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/imunologia , Acne Vulgar/microbiologia , Animais , Apresentação de Antígeno , Quimiotaxia de Leucócito/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Orelha Externa , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Ontologia Genética , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Humanos , Injeções Intradérmicas , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Propionibacterium acnes , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , Análise de Célula Única , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/biossíntese , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genéticaRESUMO
Advances in spatial omics technologies now allow multiple types of data to be acquired from the same tissue slice. To realize the full potential of such data, we need spatially informed methods for data integration. Here, we introduce SpatialGlue, a graph neural network model with a dual-attention mechanism that deciphers spatial domains by intra-omics integration of spatial location and omics measurement followed by cross-omics integration. We demonstrated SpatialGlue on data acquired from different tissue types using different technologies, including spatial epigenome-transcriptome and transcriptome-proteome modalities. Compared to other methods, SpatialGlue captured more anatomical details and more accurately resolved spatial domains such as the cortex layers of the brain. Our method also identified cell types like spleen macrophage subsets located at three different zones that were not available in the original data annotations. SpatialGlue scales well with data size and can be used to integrate three modalities. Our spatial multi-omics analysis tool combines the information from complementary omics modalities to obtain a holistic view of cellular and tissue properties.
RESUMO
Mouse conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) can be classified into two functionally distinct lineages: the CD8α(+) (CD103(+)) cDC1 lineage, and the CD11b(+) cDC2 lineage. cDCs arise from a cascade of bone marrow (BM) DC-committed progenitor cells that include the common DC progenitors (CDPs) and pre-DCs, which exit the BM and seed peripheral tissues before differentiating locally into mature cDCs. Where and when commitment to the cDC1 or cDC2 lineage occurs remains poorly understood. Here we found that transcriptional signatures of the cDC1 and cDC2 lineages became evident at the single-cell level from the CDP stage. We also identified Siglec-H and Ly6C as lineage markers that distinguished pre-DC subpopulations committed to the cDC1 lineage (Siglec-H(-)Ly6C(-) pre-DCs) or cDC2 lineage (Siglec-H(-)Ly6C(+) pre-DCs). Our results indicate that commitment to the cDC1 or cDC2 lineage occurs in the BM and not in the periphery.
Assuntos
Células da Medula Óssea/imunologia , Linhagem da Célula/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Células-Tronco/imunologia , Animais , Antígenos CD/imunologia , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Antígenos Ly/genética , Antígenos Ly/imunologia , Antígenos Ly/metabolismo , Células da Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Antígeno CD11b/imunologia , Antígeno CD11b/metabolismo , Antígenos CD8/imunologia , Antígenos CD8/metabolismo , Linhagem da Célula/genética , Células Cultivadas , Análise por Conglomerados , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Células Dendríticas/ultraestrutura , Citometria de Fluxo , Cadeias alfa de Integrinas/imunologia , Cadeias alfa de Integrinas/metabolismo , Lectinas/genética , Lectinas/imunologia , Lectinas/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Receptores de Superfície Celular/genética , Receptores de Superfície Celular/imunologia , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismo , Análise de Célula Única/métodos , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Transcriptoma/genética , Transcriptoma/imunologiaRESUMO
Hematopoiesis occurs in distinct waves. "Definitive" hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with the potential for all blood lineages emerge in the aorta-gonado-mesonephros, while "primitive" progenitors, whose potential is thought to be limited to erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and macrophages, arise earlier in the yolk sac (YS). Here, we questioned whether other YS lineages exist that have not been identified, partially owing to limitations of current lineage tracing models. We established the use of Cdh5-CreERT2 for hematopoietic fate mapping, which revealed the YS origin of mast cells (MCs). YS-derived MCs were replaced by definitive MCs, which maintained themselves independently from the bone marrow in the adult. Replacement occurred with tissue-specific kinetics. MCs in the embryonic skin, but not other organs, remained largely YS derived prenatally and were phenotypically and transcriptomically distinct from definite adult MCs. We conclude that within myeloid lineages, dual hematopoietic origin is shared between macrophages and MCs.
Assuntos
Linhagem da Célula/imunologia , Hematopoese/fisiologia , Mastócitos/citologia , Animais , Hemangioblastos/citologia , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/citologia , Macrófagos/citologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Mastócitos/imunologia , Camundongos , Pele/citologia , Pele/imunologia , Saco Vitelino/citologia , Saco Vitelino/embriologiaRESUMO
Neutrophils are specialized innate cells that require constant replenishment from proliferative bone marrow (BM) precursors as a result of their short half-life. Although it is established that neutrophils are derived from the granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (GMP), the differentiation pathways from GMP to functional mature neutrophils are poorly defined. Using mass cytometry (CyTOF) and cell-cycle-based analysis, we identified three neutrophil subsets within the BM: a committed proliferative neutrophil precursor (preNeu) which differentiates into non-proliferating immature neutrophils and mature neutrophils. Transcriptomic profiling and functional analysis revealed that preNeu require the C/EBPε transcription factor for their generation from the GMP, and their proliferative program is substituted by a gain of migratory and effector function as they mature. preNeus expand under microbial and tumoral stress, and immature neutrophils are recruited to the periphery of tumor-bearing mice. In summary, our study identifies specialized BM granulocytic populations that ensure supply under homeostasis and stress responses.
Assuntos
Células da Medula Óssea/fisiologia , Neutrófilos/fisiologia , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea/imunologia , Proteínas Estimuladoras de Ligação a CCAAT/fisiologia , Linhagem da Célula , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Células Cultivadas , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Camundongos , Neoplasias Experimentais/imunologia , Neutrófilos/imunologiaRESUMO
Advances in cell-fate mapping have revealed the complexity in phenotype, ontogeny and tissue distribution of the mammalian myeloid system. To capture this phenotypic diversity, we developed a 38-antibody panel for mass cytometry and used dimensionality reduction with machine learning-aided cluster analysis to build a composite of murine (mouse) myeloid cells in the steady state across lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. In addition to identifying all previously described myeloid populations, higher-order analysis allowed objective delineation of otherwise ambiguous subsets, including monocyte-macrophage intermediates and an array of granulocyte variants. Using mice that cannot sense granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor GM-CSF (Csf2rb(-/-)), which have discrete alterations in myeloid development, we confirmed differences in barrier tissue dendritic cells, lung macrophages and eosinophils. The methodology further identified variations in the monocyte and innate lymphoid cell compartment that were unexpected, which confirmed that this approach is a powerful tool for unambiguous and unbiased characterization of the myeloid system.