RESUMO
The Scottish Talipes Register is a record of all newly diagnosed cases of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) in Scotland over a four.year period. Two hundred and sixteen children were entered into the register, which recorded initial management and all subsequent interventions, both non-operative and operative. The data, therefore, represent a record of the different management regimens used within Scotland highlighting the variations in duration of conservative management and variations in surgical intervention following different methods of conservative management.
Assuntos
Pé Torto Equinovaro/epidemiologia , Pé Torto Equinovaro/terapia , Moldes Cirúrgicos , Pré-Escolar , Pé Torto Equinovaro/diagnóstico , Feminino , Seguimentos , Deformidades Congênitas do Pé/diagnóstico , Deformidades Congênitas do Pé/epidemiologia , Deformidades Congênitas do Pé/terapia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/métodos , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Vigilância da População , Sistema de Registros , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Escócia/epidemiologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide has been found to be effective for the isolation of residue levels (0.1-1 ppm) of 2,4-dichlorophenol from selected plant tissues. The 2,4-dichlorophenol residues were incompletely extracted with supercritical CO2 alone, since a substantial fraction of the 2,4-dichlorophenol was covalently attached to the plant matrix. An acid pretreatment procedure was developed to partially hydrolyze the plant tissue prior to extraction, releasing the bound 2,4-dichlorophenol residues. Steam distillation showed higher residue levels for field-treated straw samples. This is attributed to the greater degree of hydrolysis inherent in the steam distillation procedure. Supercritical CO2 extraction of field-treated seed samples showed higher levels of 2,4-dichlorophenol residues than did steam distillation. The supercritical fluid extractant was able to solvate 2,4-dichlorophenol residues in the interior of the seed and transport them to the surface for collection. The aqueous medium used in steam distillation was unable to penetrate the hydrophobic seed matrix to the same degree. While the actual extraction time experienced in supercritical fluid extraction was far less than that of steam distillation (45 min vs 6 h, respectively), the total sample preparation time was similar in both methods.