Effect of Amniotomy on Outcome of Spontaneous Labour.

Intentional artificial rupture of the amniotic membranes during labour, called amniotomy or 'breaking of the water's, is one of the most commonly performed procedures in modern obstetric and midwifery practice. The primary aim of amniotomy is to speed up uterine contractions and therefore shorten the length of labour. However there are concerns regarding unintended adverse effects on the woman and baby. A prospective observational study was conducted to determine the effectiveness and safety of routine procedure of amniotomy to shorten the duration of labour (prolonged or not) in Mymensingh Medical College & Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2011 to December 2011. One hundred low-risk women with spontaneous onset of labour at term with singleton fetus in cephalic presentation and intact amniotic membranes and a cervical dilatation between 4 and 5cm were conventionally assigned to have amniotomy during the course of labour. Maternal demographics, duration of labour (prolonged or not), maternal and perinatal outcome were considered as major outcome. Majority (49.0%) of the patients belonged to 21-25 years age group and primigravida was predominant and most of them had middle socio-economic conditions. More the three-fourth (89.0%) of the patients had head engaged. Rh-positive and negative were found 96.0% and 4.0% respectively. The primigravidae required 10.07±2.17 hours in 1st stage of labour and had 1.51±0.5 hours duration of 2nd stage of labour. In case of multi-gravidae it was 6.07±2.06 hours in 1st stage of and 1±0.5 hours in 2nd stage of labour. There was a marked reduction of amniotomy-delivery interval time in this study, which was 3 hours 40 minutes and whereas mean cervical dilatation was 4cm during amniotomy. Almost three fourth (72.0%) cases delivered vaginally among which, with episiotomy in 49.0% and without episiotomy in 23.0%. Instrumental delivery was in 9.0% of which 4.0% by forceps, 5.0% by vaccum extraction and 14.0% underwent LUCS. Still birth was found 2.0%, asphyxiated 3.0% and prenatal death 1.0%. In terms of referral to neonatal care unit it was found that 7.0% were asphyxiated. Asphyxia and low APGAR score was 4.0%, low birth weight 9.0%, instrumental delivery was 5.0%, Rh incompatibility was 2.0%. Only 1.0% babies needed admission to neonatal care unit and were intubated. So, Amniotomy significantly reduced the duration of the first stage of labour without affecting the oxytocin requirement, the rate of caesarean section and newborn outcome.

Prevalence and Pattern of Dyslipidemia in Diabetes Mellitus Patients Admitted in the Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Patients with Diabetes Mellitus are at high risk of cardiovascular events because of abnormal lipid metabolism. Dyslipidemia is common in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). However; in Bangladesh this issue is not yet properly addressed. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and patterns of dyslipidaemia in patients with DM in a divisional city Mymensingh. This cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly selected eligible patients from the indoor registry of the Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Bangladesh from April 2012 to March 2013. A well structured questionnaire and blood investigation for lipid profile and blood sugar were the tools of data collection from 120 randomly selected DM patients registered in the department of cardiology, MMCH. Out of 120 enrolled participants the prevalence of dyslipidemia in DM patients was 86.0%, prevalence of dyslipidemia in males was 88.0% while in females was 85.0% but the difference was not significant (p=0.42). Regarding age group, BMI and duration of DM, there is no significant association exists with dyslipidemia. About half of the studied DM patients have high serum total cholesterol level (50.83%), while 22.5% had low serum HDL-C levels and 35.0% had high serum LDC-C level, most of patients had serum triglyceride levels above normal range (67.5%) and so the common patterns of dyslipidemia in this study were serum triglyceride level followed by total cholesterol. High prevalence of dyslipidemia among diabetes mellitus in Mymensingh city were observed and so the common patterns of dyslipidemia is triglyceride followed by total cholesterol. This study emphasizes the importance of screening of lipid profile as these abnormalities may lead to development of cardiovascular diseases.

Pattern of Anaemia in Chronic Kidney Disease.

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Bangladesh is increasing. Chronic kidney disease refers to an irreversible deterioration in renal function which classically develops over a period of years. Initially, it manifest's only as a biochemical abnormality. Eventually loss of excretory, metabolic and endocrine functions of the kidneys leads to clinical symptoms and signs of renal failure, which are referred to as uraemia. In our country the number of CKD patient is increasing day by day, probably due to having uncontrolled DM, GN(Glumerulonephritis), uncontrolled hypertension, interstitial nephritis in addition to indiscriminate drugs & using of chemicals in fruits and foods. Objective of the study was to find out the morphological pattern of anaemia in patient with chronic kidney disease. This was a cross sectional observational study. This study was carried out at the Department of Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from January 2011 to June 2011. Patients admitted in medicine ward male or female who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study were taken as study subjects. The socio demographic characteristics, presenting symptoms, risk factors, investigations and findings of diagnostic modalities and outcome were recorded. Mean age was 55.8 years of the patients who were included in this study, youngest patient is of 19 years old & older one is of 85 years. In this study 33 patients were male & 17 patients were female. Thirty three (33) patients were suffering from normocytic normochromic anaemia, 11 were suffering from microcytic hypochromic anaemia & rest 6 were suffering from combined deficiency. Female patient were suffering mainly from microcytic hypochromic anaemia (58.8%) & male patient suffered from normocytic normochromic anaemia (69.7%). CKD patients also suffered from microcytic hypochromic anaemia & also from combined deficiency.

Distribution of HPV-16 and HPV-18 from the Patients Attending At Mymensingh Medical College Hospital by Newly Developed Oncoprotein Detection Assay.

Cervical cancer is one of cause of death in women in many developing countries. Persistent infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), primarily high risk types 16 and 18, is recognized as a causal and essential factor for the development of cervical cancer. The objective of this cross sectional observational study is to detect the distribution of HPV-16 and HPV-18 among Onco E6 positive cases. Following universal safety precautions a total of 180 endocervical swabs were collected from Colposcopy clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh from January 2016 to December 2016. Laboratory work was done in the department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College. E6 strip test is an immunochromatographic test based on the detection of HPV-E6 oncoprotein in cervical swab samples. Onco E6 cervical test was done on 180cases. Among them 60% were VIA positive and 120% were VIA negative. From this VIA positive cases 12(16.25%) were On E6 cervical test positive and from VIA negative cases 3(2.5%) were positive by this On E6 cervical test. From this 12 Onco E6 cervical test positive cases 10(%) were HPV-16 and 2(%) were HPV-18 and from VIA negative cases 3 were only HPV-16 by this test. Histopathological test done on 35 suspected cases and out of 08 cervical carcinoma cases 07 were positive by this Onco E6 cervical test which was also HPV-16 type. It may be concluded that HPV-16 is most prevalent type to cause cervical cancer and by this newly developed protein detection assay will be helpful to reduce over treatment and save many lives.

Serum Albumin Level and In-Hospital Outcome of Patients with First Attack Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients constitute a large proportion of admissions in coronary care unit and their management and risk stratification is of immense importance. A decrease in serum albumin concentration might be associated with an increased risk in the incident of both cardiovascular diseases and worse hospital outcome. We assessed whether serum albumin levels at admission was associated with in-hospital adverse outcome in patients with first attack of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The aim of the study was to evaluate association of serum albumin level with in-hospital outcome in patients with first attack of acute myocardial infarction. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the department of cardiology in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from March 2017 to February 2018. Total 374 patients of first attack of acute myocardial infarction included considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample population was divided into two groups: Group I (Patients with acute myocardial infarction with serum albumin <3.5gm/dl) and. Group II (Patients with acute myocardial infarction with serum albumin ≥3.5gm/dl). Serum albumin level was measured within 24 hours of admission and the incidence of in-hospital major cardiac outcomes was observed. In this study mean±SD serum albumin level of Group I, Group II were 3.02±0.12gm/dl, 4.48±0.50gm/dl respectively. In Group I patient, 52(59.80%), 7(8.00%), 10(11.50%), developed heart failure, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmias respectively and 8(9.20%) died and in Group II patient 20(7.90%), 7(2.80%), 8(3.20%) developed heart failure, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmias respectively and 4(1.60%) died out of them and all of these outcome were statistically significant. Mean±SD duration of hospital stay of the study population according serum albumin level, in Group I, 5.76±1.83 days, in Group II, 4.40±1.22 days which was statistically significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, patient with first attack of acute myocardial infarction serum albumin level below 3.50gm/dl increased the risk of worse in-hospital outcome.