Dual mutations in the whitefly nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ß1 subunit confer target-site resistance to multiple neonicotinoid insecticides.

Neonicotinoid insecticides, which target insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), have been widely and intensively used to control the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, a highly damaging, globally distributed, crop pest. This has inevitably led to the emergence of populations with resistance to neonicotinoids. However, to date, there have been no reports of target-site resistance involving mutation of B. tabaci nAChR genes. Here we characterize the nAChR subunit gene family of B. tabaci and identify dual mutations (A58T&R79E) in one of these genes (BTß1) that confer resistance to multiple neonicotinoids. Transgenic D. melanogaster, where the native nAChR Dß1 was replaced with BTß1A58T&R79E, were significantly more resistant to neonicotinoids than flies where Dß1 were replaced with the wildtype BTß1 sequence, demonstrating the causal role of the mutations in resistance. The two mutations identified in this study replace two amino acids that are highly conserved in >200 insect species. Three-dimensional modelling suggests a molecular mechanism for this resistance, whereby A58T forms a hydrogen bond with the R79E side chain, which positions its negatively-charged carboxylate group to electrostatically repulse a neonicotinoid at the orthosteric site. Together these findings describe the first case of target-site resistance to neonicotinoids in B. tabaci and provide insight into the molecular determinants of neonicotinoid binding and selectivity.

Discovery of new triterpenoids from Leptopus clarkei and their antiproliferative activity on cancer cells.

Two new triterpenoids (1-2), along with six known analogues (3-8) were obtained from the dried whole plant of Leptopus clarkei. Compound 1 is a 3,4-seco-lupane-type triterpenoid, and compound 2 is a phenylpropanoid-conjugated pentacyclic triterpenoid possessing trans-p-coumaroyl unit attached to oleanane-type skeleton. This is the first report on chemical investigation of the L. clarkei, and the triterpenoid derivatives were found in this plant for the first time. The structures of the new compounds were unequivocally elucidated by HRESIMS and 1D/2D NMR data. Additionally, the isolated compounds were evaluated for theircytotoxicities against four cancer cell lines including HepG2, MCF-7, A549 and HeLa. Notably, compound 2 exhibited the most significant antiproliferative activity with IC50 less than 20 µM for four cancer lines.

Novel Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Reassortants in Migratory Birds, China.

Two novel reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b.2 were identified in dead migratory birds in China in November 2021. The viruses probably evolved among wild birds through different flyways connecting Europe and Asia. Their low antigenic reaction to vaccine antiserum indicates high risks to poultry and to public health.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Cytochrome P450 Gene Family in Bemisia tabaci MED and Their Roles in the Insecticide Resistance.

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci MED (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is an omnivorous agricultural pest, which causes huge economic losses to agriculture and is highly resistant to many pesticides. The overexpression of cytochrome P450 may play an important role in host adaptation and insecticide resistance in B. tabaci MED. Therefore, the present study systematically analyzed the cytochrome P450 gene family at the genome-wide level to understand its function in B. tabaci MED. Our analysis identified 58 cytochrome P450 genes in B. tabaci MED, among which 24 were novel. Phylogenetic analysis revealed broad functional and species-specific diversification in B. tabaci MED P450, suggesting the role of multiple P450 genes in detoxifying. Reverse transcription-real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) showed that CYP4CS2, CYP4CS5, CYP4CS6, CYP4CS8, CYP6DW4, CYP6DW5, CYP6DW6, CYP6DZ8, and CYP6EN1 genes increased significantly after two days of exposure to imidacloprid. Interestingly, all nine genes belonged to the CYP4 and CYP6 families. A decrease in the expression of five genes (CYP6DW4, CYP6DW5, CYP6DW6, CYP6DZ8, and CYP4CS6) via RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in a significant increase in the mortalities of whiteflies when exposed to imidacloprid. These results indicate that the overexpression of the P450 genes may play an essential role in imidacloprid tolerance of B. tabaci MED. Thus, the present study provides basic information on P450 genes in B. tabaci MED, which will further help elucidate the insecticide resistance mechanism in the agricultural pest whitefly.

Application of Microhaplotypes in Sibling Kinship Testing.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy of different numbers of microhaplotype (MH) loci and the introduction of different reference samples on the identification of full sibling, half sibling and differentiation between full sibling and half sibling kinships, and to explore the effect of changing mutation rate on sibling testing. METHODS: First, a family map involving three generations was established, and four full sibling identification models, five half sibling identification models and five models distinguishing full and half siblings were constructed for different reference samples introduced. Based on the results of the previous study, two sets of nonbinary SNP-MH containing 34 and 54 loci were selected. Based on the above MH loci, 100 000 pairs of full sibling vs. unrelated individuals, 100 000 pairs of half sibling vs. unrelated individuals and 100 000 pairs of full sibling vs. half sibling were simulated based on the corresponding sibling kinship testing models, and the efficacy of each sibling kinship testing model was analyzed by the likelihood ratio algorithm under different thresholds. The mutant rate of 54 MH loci was changed to analyze the effect of mutation rate on sibling identification. RESULTS: In the same relationship testing model, the systematic efficacy of sibling testing was positively correlated with the number of MH loci detected. With the same number of MH loci, the efficacy of full sibling testing was better than that of uncle or grandfather when the reference sample introduced was a full sibling of A, but there was no significant difference in the identification efficacy of the four reference samples introduced for full sibling and half sibling differentiation testing. In addition, the mutation rate had a slight effect on the efficacy of sibling kinship testing. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing the number of MH loci and introducing reference samples of known relatives can increase the efficacy of full sibling testing, half sibling testing, and differentiation between full and half sibling kinships. The level of mutation rate in sibling testing by likelihood ratio method has a slight but insignificant effect on the efficacy.

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Clade 2.3.4.4b Viruses in Satellite-Tracked Wild Ducks, Ningxia, China, 2020.

During October 2020, we identified 13 highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses from wild ducks in Ningxia, China. These viruses were genetically related to H5N8 viruses circulating mainly in poultry in Europe during early 2020. We also determined movements of H5N8 virus‒infected wild ducks and evidence for spreading of viruses.

Interpretable machine learning model to predict rupture of small intracranial aneurysms and facilitate clinical decision.

Estimating whether to treat the rupture risk of small intracranial aneurysms (IAs) with size ≤ 7 mm in diameter is difficult but crucial. We aimed to construct and externally validate a convenient machine learning (ML) model for assessing the rupture risk of small IAs. One thousand four patients with small IAs recruited from two hospitals were included in our retrospective research. The patients at hospital 1 were stratified into training (70%) and internal validation set (30%) randomly, and the patients at hospital 2 were used for external validation. We selected predictive features using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method and constructed five ML models applying diverse algorithms including random forest classifier (RFC), categorical boosting (CatBoost), support vector machine (SVM) with linear kernel, light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). The Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) analysis provided interpretation for the best ML model. The training, internal, and external validation cohorts included 658, 282, and 64 IAs, respectively. The best performance was presented by SVM as AUC of 0.817 in the internal [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.769-0.866] and 0.893 in the external (95% CI, 0.808-0.979) validation cohorts, which overperformed compared with the PHASES score significantly (all P < 0.001). SHAP analysis showed maximum size, location, and irregular shape were the top three important features to predict rupture. Our SVM model based on readily accessible features presented satisfying ability of discrimination in predicting the rupture IAs with small size. Morphological parameters made important contributions to prediction result.

Progress of HOTAIR-microRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The Hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) has been identified as a tumor gene, and its expression in HCC is significantly increased. HOTAIR is associated with the proliferation, invasion, metastasis and poor prognosis of HCC. In addition, HOTAIR can also regulate the expression and function of microRNA by recruiting the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and competitive adsorption, thus promoting the occurrence and development of HCC. In this review, we discussed the two mechanisms of HOTAIR regulating miRNA through direct binding miRNA and indirect regulation, and emphasized the role of HOTAIR in HCC through miRNA, explained the regulatory pathway of HOTAIR-miRNA-mRNA and introduced the role of this pathway in HCC proliferation, drug resistance, invasion and metastasis.

Silencing of the Prophenoloxidase Gene BtPPO1 Increased the Ability of Acquisition and Retention of Tomato chlorosis virus by Bemisia tabaci.

Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) has seriously impacted tomato production around the world. ToCV is semi-persistently transmitted by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, which is a serious agricultural pest in the world. However, the interaction mechanism between ToCV and its whitefly vector is still poorly understood. Our previous transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the expression level of an immune-related gene, prophenoloxidase (PPO), in B. tabaci increased after ToCV acquisition, which indicates that the PPO may be involved in the interaction mechanism between the ToCV and its vector. To determine the role of the PPO in the acquisition and retention of ToCV by B. tabaci, we cloned the complete Open Reading Frames (ORF) of the BtPPOs (BtPPO1 and BtPPO2), and then structure and phylogenetic analyses were performed. BtPPOs were closely related to the PPO genes of Hemiptera insects. Spatial-temporal expression detection was qualified by using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and this revealed that BtPPOs were expressed in all tissues and developmental stages. We found that only BtPPO1 was significantly upregulated after B. tabaci acquired ToCV for 12 and 24 h. According to the paraffin-fluorescence probe-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiment, we verified that ToCV and BtPPO1 were co-located in the thorax of B. tabaci, which further revealed the location of their interaction. Finally, the effects of the BtPPOs on ToCV acquisition and retention by B. tabaci were determined using RNA interference (RNAi). The results showed that the RNAi of the responsive gene (BtPPO1) significantly increased the titer of ToCV in B. tabaci. These results demonstrate that BtPPO1 participates in ToCV acquisition and retention by B. tabaci.

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus in Swans, China, 2020.

In October 2020, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) viruses were detected in 2 dead swans in Inner Mongolia, China. Genetic analysis showed that the H5N8 isolates belong to clade 2.3.4.4b and that the isolates cluster with the H5N8 viruses isolated in Eurasia in the fall of 2020.

Characterization of the ryanodine receptor gene in Encarsia formosa (Gahan) and its expression profile in response to diamide insecticides.

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are the targets of diamide insecticides, which have been identified and characterized in a dozen insect pests of Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera and Coleoptera, but limited attention has been paid to the RyR in parasitoid natural enemies. Without this knowledge, it will hinder our effective and efficient application using both parasitoid natural enemies and diamide insecticides simultaneously in the integrated pest management (IPM). In this study, the full-length cDNA of RyR was cloned from Encarsia formosa (EfRyR), a parasitic wasp used worldwide for the biological control of whitefly. Its expression profile was examined in various tissues of E. formosa adults. The toxicities of four diamide insecticides to E. formosa were measured, and then the expression profile of EfRyR after 12 h and 24 h exposure to the LC50 dosages of diamide insecticides was investigated. The results showed that the full-length cDNA of EfRyR was 16, 778 bp including a 15, 345 bp open reading frame, and two alternative splice (AS) sites. Comparing to its expression in the abdomen, EfRyR was highly expressed in the head (11.9-fold) and the thorax (3.7-fold). The toxicities of four dimide insecticides against E. formosa from low to high were chlorantraniliprole (LC50 = 367.84 mg L-1), cyantraniliprole (221.72 mg L-1), cyclaniliprole (51.77 mg L-1), and tetrachlorantraniliprole (8.35 mg L-1). The expressions of EfRyR and its variants with AS were significantly increased after E. formosa adults were exposed to different diamide insecticides. This study improves our understanding of the RyR in parasitoid wasps and provides useful information on IPM by using E. formosa.

Migration of Sogatella furcifera between the Greater Mekong Subregion and northern China revealed by mtDNA and SNP.

BACKGROUND: The white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera, Delphacidae), is a migratory pest of rice in Asia. Shandong Province, in northern China, is located on the migration pathway of WBPH between southern and northeast China. The potential sources of WBPH in northern China are poorly understood. We studied the sources of WBPH in Shandong Province by determining the population genetic structure of WBPH in 18 sites distributed in Shandong and in six regions of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). We used mitochondrial gene and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for analysis. RESULTS: All of the WBPH populations studied in the seven regions had low genetic diversity. Pairwise FST values based on mtDNA ranged from - 0.061 to 0.285, while FST based on SNP data ranged from - 0.007 to 0.009. These two molecular markers revealed that 4.40% (mtDNA) and 0.19% (SNP) genetic variation could be explained by the interpopulation variation, while the rest came from intrapopulation variation. The populations in the seven geographic regions comprised four hypothetical genetic clusters (K = 4) not associated with geographic location. Eighty-four of 129 individuals distributed across the given area were designated as recent migrants or of admixed ancestry. Although the substantial migration presented, a weak but significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances was found (r = 0.083, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: The Greater Mekong Subregion was the main genetic source of WBPH in Shandong, while other source populations may also exist. The genetic structure of WBPH is shaped by both migration and geographic barriers. These results help clarify the migration route and the source of WBPH in northern China.

Novel proteome and acetylome of Bemisia tabaci Q in response to Cardinium infection.

BACKGROUND: It has become increasingly clear that symbionts have crucial evolutionary and ecological ramifications for their host arthropods. However, little is known whether these symbiont infections influence the proteome and lysine acetylome of their host arthropods. Here we performed experiments to investigate the proteomes and acetylomes of Cardinium-infected (C*+) and -uninfected (C-) Bemisia tabaci Q with identical backgrounds, through the combination of affinity enrichment and high-resolution LC-MS/MS analysis. RESULTS: Of the 3353 proteins whose levels were quantitated in proteome, a total of 146 proteins dividing into 77 up-regulated and 69 down-regulated proteins were discovered to be differentially expressed as having at least a 1.2-fold change when C*+ strain was compared with C- strain. Furthermore, a total of 528 lysine acetylation sites in 283 protein groups were identified, among which 356 sites in 202 proteins were quantified. The comparison of acetylomes revealed 30 sites in 26 lysine acetylation proteins (Kac) were quantified as up-regulated targets and 35 sites in 29 Kac proteins were quantified as down-regulated targets. Functional analysis showed that these differentially expressed proteins and Kac proteins were mainly involved in diverse physiological processes related to development, immune responses and energy metabolism, such as retinol metabolism, methane metabolism and fatty acid degradation. Notably, protein interaction network analyses demonstrated widespread interactions modulated by protein acetylation. CONCLUSION: Here we show the proteome and acetylom of B. tabaci Q in response to the symbiont Cardinium infection. This is the first study to utilize the tool of acetylome analysis for revealing physiological responses of arthropods to its symbiont infection, which will provide an important resource for exploring the arthropod-symbiont interaction.

Deinococcus hibisci sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (mugunghwa flower).

A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. The isolated strain grew optimally at 25-30 °C, at pH 6.0-7.5 and in the presence of additional 0-1.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain THG-AG1.5T exhibited tolerance to UV radiation (>1500 J m-2) and to gamma radiation (>12 kGy). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-AG1.5T was closely related to Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T (98.03 %), Deinococcus radiotolerans C1T (97.61 %) and Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.32 %). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain THG-AG1.5T was 74.8 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain THG-AG1.5T and its closest phylogenetically neighbours were below 63.0 %. The peptidoglycan amino acids were alanine, valine, glutamic acid, glycine, ornithine, lysine and aspartic acid. Strain THG-AG1.5T contained ribose, mannose and glucose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone-8 (MK-8) as the only isoprenoid quinone. The major component in the polyamine pattern was spermidine. The major polar lipids of strain THG-AG1.5T were a phosphoglycolipid, six unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified aminophospholipid. The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C17 : 0, C18 : 0 and summed feature 3. On the basis of our polyphasic taxonomy study, strain THG-AG1.5T represents a novel species within the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcushibisci sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-AG1.5T (=KACC 18850T=CCTCC AB 2016078T).

Up-Conversion Luminescence Properties of LaGaO3:Yb3+, Er3+ Phosphors.

LaGaO3:Er3+, Yb3+ powder with different Er3+ contents (0.01~0.10 mol) was synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction. The structure, morphology and photoluminescence properties of the as-prepared phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fluorescence spectrophotometer techniques, respectively. The photoluminescence (PL) emissions based on the green emission near 522 and 544 nm were observed and the highest emission intensity occurred for the sample LaGaO3:Yb0.15, Er0.07. The green and red up-conversion emissions were observed in Er3+, Yb3+ co-doped LaGaO3 phosphors under the excitation of 980 nm laser diode.

Effects of high temperature on insecticide tolerance in whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Q biotype.

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Q biotype (BTQ) has spread to many tropical and subtropical regions over the past several decades. This may reflect an advantage biotype Q has over closely related forms in having greater thermal and/or insecticide resistance, although the effects of higher temperatures on insecticide tolerance of BTQ has, to date, been largely ignored. In this study, the effects of elevated temperatures on BTQ's tolerance to the insecticide thiamethoxam were investigated. The effect on the activities of detoxifying enzymes [carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450)] and expression profiling of eleven genes of detoxifying enzymes were also determined. In addition, RNA interference (RNAi) and bioassay methods were used to further identify the function of CYP6CM1 in tolerance to thiamethoxam following exposure to higher temperatures. The results showed that elevated temperatures were responsible for causing different outcomes in the tolerance of BTQ to thiamethoxam: Temperatures of 35 °C or higher decreased the tolerance of BTQ to thiamethoxam, while a moderately high temperature of 31 °C increased the tolerance. The high temperature influenced the tolerance of BTQ by affecting the activity of P450. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) showed that CYP6CM1 was significantly up-regulated in most treatments at 31 °C, but was suppressed at 35 °C, which was closely associated with the mortality rates. Feeding on double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of CYP6CM1 significantly reduced the mRNA levels of the target gene in the adults, and dramatically decreased tolerance to thiamethoxam induced by a temperature of 31 °C for 6 h. Our finding provides useful information to better understand the invasion mechanism of BTQ.

Cytochrome P450 CYP6EV11 in Chironomus kiiensis Larvae Involved in Phenol Stress.

Phenol is one of the organic pollutants which can cause water environment pollution. It is not only enriched in aquatic organisms but is also a serious threat to human health. Chironomus kiiensis is very sensitive to the contaminants in water and its cytochrome P450s are usually chosen as biomarkers for water pollution. To examine whether CYP6EV11 plays a role in the oxidative metabolism of phenol, we measured the silencing efficiency of CYP6EV11 and evaluated larval susceptibility to sublethal phenol levels by RNA interference (RNAi) technology. The results showed that the transcription of CYP6EV11 was found significantly up-regulated when the 4th instar C.kiiensis larvae were exposed to three doses of phenol. However, the transcriptional levels of CYP6EV11 were significantly suppressed by 92.7% in the 4th instar C. kiiensis larvae soaked in dsCYP6EV11 compared with those soaked in dsGFP for 6 h. The CYP6EV11 expression and mortality of the 4th instar C. kiiensis larvae with CYP6EV11 silencing were mostly decreased under phenol stress. Therefore, the CYP6EV11 gene may be used as a molecular biomarker for earlier warning and monitoring for water pollution.

The Generation and Validation of a 20-Genes Model Influencing the Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor with high incidence affecting the digestive system. This study aimed to identify the key genes relating to prognosis of colorectal cancer and to construct a prognostic model for its risk evaluation. Gene expression profiling of colorectal cancer patients, GSE17537, was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). A total of 55 samples from patients ranging from stages 1 to 4 were available. Differentially expressed genes were screened, with which single factor survival analysis was performed to identify the response genes. Interacting network and KEGG enrichment analysis of responsive genes were performed to identify key genes. In return, Fisher enrichment analysis, literature mining, and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to verify the effectiveness of the prognostic model. The 20-gene model generated in this study posed significant influences on the prognoses (P = 9.691065e-09). Significance was verified via independent dataset GSE38832 (P = 9.86581e-07) and GSE17536 (P = 2.741e-08). The verified effective 20-gene model could be utilized to predict prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer and would contribute to post-operational treatment and follow-up strategies. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3675-3685, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Emticicia aquatilis sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater sample.

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain THG-DN6.14T, was isolated from a freshwater sample near Donghaksa temple in Daejeon, South Korea. On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, THG-DN6.14T was found to be most closely related to Emticicia sediminis JBR12T (99.1 % sequence similarity), Emticicia oligotrophica DSM 17448T (97.6 %), Emticicia aquatica HMF2925T (96.5 %), and Emticicia ginsengisoliGsoil 085T (94.4 %). The DNA-DNA relatedness between THG-DN6.14T and its phylogenetically closest neighbours was below 65.0 %. The DNA G+C content was 43.3 mol%. The major polar lipids were found to be phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified aminoglycolipid. The major fatty acids were identified as C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). The respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7. These data supported the affiliation of THG-DN6.14T to the genus Emticicia. THG-DN6.14Tcould be distinguished from related species of the genus Emticicia by physiological and biochemical tests. Therefore, the novel isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Emticicia aquatilis sp. nov. is proposed, with THG-DN6.14T (=KACC 18540T=CGMCC 1.15958T) as the type strain.

Silence of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor expression decreases cyantraniliprole susceptibility in Bemisia tabaci.

Cyantraniliprole is the second active ingredient of anthranilic diamide insecticide, and the first to control a cross-spectrum of chewing and sucking pests such as sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and ryanodine receptor (RyR) are two families of Ca2+ release channels to raise the cytoplasmic free calcium concentration when it is activated by various extracellular stimuli. Previous study proved the over-expression of ryanodine receptor (RyR) was associated with the resistance to diamide insecticides, while the roles of IP3R in diamide resistance remain unknown. In this study, a full-length cDNA sequence of IP3R was cloned from B. tabaci through RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The gene (named BtIP3R) is 9922bps long, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 8202bps, encoding a predicted IP3R of 2733 amino acids. The BtIP3R shares 47-78% identity with other insect IP3Rs. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the BtIP3R was highly expressed in larva, pseudopupa, and female adult, while lowly expressed in egg and male adult. RNA interference (RNAi) by dietary introduction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of BtIP3R significantly reduced the mRNA levels of the target gene in the adult, and dramatically decreased the susceptibility of adult B. tabaci to cyantraniliprole. The results shed light on further understanding of cyantraniliprole resistance mechanisms in B. tabaci as well as in other insects.