RESUMO
A lymphosarcoma spontaneously arising in a nude mouse and a continuous cell line (NML-1) derived from it are described and compared. The primary tumor and a transplantable tumor line from it were composed of lymphoid cells, with no C-type viral particles seen by electron microscopy. The culture line was composed of cells with morphologic and functional properties of macrophages; budding C-type particles were abundant. The cells in the tumors produced in nude mice by injection of the NML-1 cells also resembled macrophages morphologically rather than lymphocytes; however, by electron microscopy, no C-type particles were seen. The findings suggest some type of in vivo suppression of complete expression of the virus.
Assuntos
Linfoma não Hodgkin/patologia , Camundongos Nus , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Feminino , Corpos de Inclusão Viral , Linfócitos/patologia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/genética , Linfoma não Hodgkin/imunologia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/microbiologia , Macrófagos/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Transplante de Neoplasias , Retroviridae/ultraestrutura , Sarcoma Experimental/genética , Sarcoma Experimental/imunologia , Sarcoma Experimental/microbiologia , Sarcoma Experimental/patologia , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
A cell line, NIH:OVCAR-3, has been established from the malignant ascites of a patient with progressive adenocarcinoma of the ovary after combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, and cisplatin. OVCAR-3 grows as a cobblestone-like monolayer with foci of multilayering, is tumorigenic in athymic mice, clones in agarose, and has an abnormal karyotype which includes a homogeneous staining region and a double minute chromosome. The cultured cells and xenografts contain cytoplasmic androgen- and estrogen-binding macromolecules with the specificity of the respective steroid hormone receptors. These components have sedimentation coefficients of 7 to 9S in low-salt sucrose-density gradients, have dissociation constants of 250 and 9.6 pM, and are present at concentrations of 30 and 28 fmol/mg cytosol protein characteristic of androgen and estrogen receptors, respectively. OVCAR-3 is resistant in vitro to clinically relevant concentrations of Adriamycin (5 X 10(-8) M), melphalan (5 X 10(-6) M), and cisplatin (5 X 10(-7) M) with survival compared to untreated controls of 43, 45, and 77%, respectively. Furthermore, there are multiple histological similarities between the patient's original tumor, the cell line, and the transplantable tumor. These data indicate that OVCAR-3 may be of use for investigations as to the significance of androgens and estrogens and the mechanisms of cytotoxic drug resistance in ovarian cancer.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ovarianas/fisiopatologia , Receptores Androgênicos/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Receptores de Esteroides/metabolismo , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cisplatino/toxicidade , Técnicas de Cultura/métodos , Citosol/metabolismo , Doxorrubicina/toxicidade , Estradiol/metabolismo , Estrenos/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Cariotipagem , Melfalan/toxicidade , MetribolonaRESUMO
Diagnosing recurrent Hodgkin's disease is an important oncologic problem. When relapse does not occur in peripheral nodal sites, then a major surgical exploration is often considered. Lymph node aspiration is proposed as a less invasive approach capable of establishing a diagnosis in some instances. In this retrospective study, 19 patients with Hodgkin's disease underwent 64 lymph node aspirations. Of these patients, 17 had suspected Hodgkin's disease with involvement at an inaccessible site. Two patients with a primary diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease underwent aspiration of a peripheral site. Of these 19 patients, five (26.3%) had a positive aspirate and only two (10.5%) had an unsatisfactory aspirate. No patient had a false-positive aspirate. Of 15 patients with a negative aspirate, five (33%) had a false-negative aspirate. In no case did a false-negative aspirate delay appropriate therapy. In those patients with a positive aspirate, surgical exploration was avoided. We conclude that lymph node aspiration cytology is useful as an initial step to document clinical relapse of Hodgkin's disease at a site that might require a major surgical procedure for diagnosis.
Assuntos
Doença de Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Linfonodos/patologia , Adulto , Biópsia por Agulha , Citodiagnóstico , Feminino , Doença de Hodgkin/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules was assessed in 111 patients who underwent thyroidectomy and in three persons whose thyroid glands were examined at autopsy. The basis for not performing surgery in 107 patients studied during the same period is also discussed. Carcinoma (excluding incidental occult carcinoma) was found in 76% of the nodules with malignant cytologic findings (class 5, 10/10; and class 4, 3/7), 20% (3/15) of the nodules with suspicious cytologic findings (class 3), and 9% (8/87) of the nodules with benign cytologic findings (classes 1 and 2). The major reasons for avoiding surgery included resolution of the nodule after aspirating a cyst (eight cases) or after hemorrhage (two cases), multinodular goiter (13 cases), functioning nodule (ten cases), lymphocytic thyroiditis (nine cases), high operative risk without suspicious cytologic findings (15 cases), and response to suppression therapy (27 cases). Among 186 patients given thyroxine suppression therapy, 10% of the nodules disappeared and 12% decreased to less than 1 cm in diameter or more than 50% in volume. Aspiration biopsy is useful to select patients for early surgery or for long-term medical management. Its lack of precision, however, requires that it be employed as an adjunct to other clinical considerations.
Assuntos
Biópsia por Agulha , Bócio Nodular/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Citodiagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , TireoidectomiaRESUMO
Metastatic adenocarcinoma in human effusions can be difficult to distinguish from reactive mesothelial cells, particularly if the malignant cells are rare, have bland cytologic features, or occur as single cells rather than clusters of cells. Monoclonal antibody (MAb) B72.3, generated against a membrane-enriched fraction of breast carcinoma, has been shown to be reactive with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of human breast and colon carcinomas but not with sarcomas, melanomas, hematopoietic neoplasms, or a variety of normal adult tissues. The authors have adapted the avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase method using MAb B72.3 to evaluate cytospin preparations of pleural and peritoneal effusions for the presence of adenocarcinoma cells. The cytospin method was selected because it provides a rapid, efficient, and inexpensive means of evaluating effusions for cellular content. Reactive effusions from patients with no history of adenocarcinoma as well as obviously malignant effusions from patients with documented adenocarcinoma were studied. MAb B72.3 demonstrated no reactivity with any of the variety of cell types in the reactive specimens from patients without a history of adenocarcinoma. In contrast, in all of the malignant effusions studied, 10-90% of the nonhematopoietic cells demonstrated reactivity with MAb B72.3. In addition, MAb B72.3 highlighted occult adenocarcinoma cells in cytospin preparations of effusion fluids from patients with a primary diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in which no definite malignant cells could be identified using standard cytologic criteria.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Líquido Ascítico/patologia , Derrame Pleural/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/secundário , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Citodiagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologiaRESUMO
The cytologic diagnosis of malignant lymphoma can be extremely difficult because the cytologic features of the malignant cells in small cell and mixed small and large cell lymphomas may be indistinguishable from those of reactive lymphoid cells. In addition, large cell lymphoma can be difficult to distinguish from undifferentiated carcinoma in cytologic specimens. Using the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technic and antibodies to the B-cell markers alpha, gamma, and mu heavy chains and kappa and lambda light chains, to the T-cell markers Leu-1, Leu-2a, and Leu-3a, to the lymphoid marker T200, to TdT, and to Leu-M3, the authors studied 35 cytologic specimens including pleural, cerebrospinal, and ascites fluids and fine-needle aspirations. Immunologic staining allowed them to make a definitive diagnosis of lymphoma or reactive effusion in every case studied and resulted in a significant modification of the morphologic diagnosis in over 50% of cases. In 16 cases the lymphoid cells were monoclonal B-cells: ten expressing IgM kappa; four expressing IgM lambda; one expressing IgA kappa; and one expressing kappa without demonstrable heavy chain expression. Although there are no good markers of monoclonality for T-cells, the authors were able to make a positive diagnosis in two cases of T-cell lymphoid malignancies by the expression of an aberrant phenotype on the malignant cells. The expression of TdT confirmed the diagnosis in one case of common ALL and one lymphoblastic lymphoma. In a patient with a "null cell" large cell lymphoma, the expression of T200 on the malignant cells ruled out the possibility of carcinoma. In 15 cases the marker studies indicated a reactive lymphoid proliferation. The authors conclude that immunologic markers are very useful in the cytologic diagnosis of lymphoma.
Assuntos
Linfócitos B/patologia , Linfoma/diagnóstico , Linfócitos T/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Feminino , Histocitoquímica , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Imunoglobulinas/análise , Linfoma/metabolismo , Linfoma/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Linfócitos T/imunologiaRESUMO
Distinction between benign reactive mesothelial cells and metastatic breast adenocarcinoma cells in effusions from patients with a known prior history of breast cancer is not the easiest task in diagnostic pathology. Here, we report the usefulness of testing the expression of class I HLA antigens (HLA A, B, C) in this respect. Cytospins were prepared from effusions of patients without the history of breast cancer (5 cases) and from effusions of patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma (11 cases). Three effusions from cancerous patients were not malignant cytologically. The expression of HLA-A, B, C, HLA-DR and beta2-microglobulin as well as the macrophage antigen, CD14, was evaluated by immunocytochemistry. In 10 of 11 effusions the cytologically malignant cells expressed very weak or undetectable HLA-A,B,C as compared to the mesothelial cells and macrophages. The paucity of expression of HLA-A, B, C was detectable in those 3 cases where a definitive cytological diagnosis of malignancy could not be established. In contrast, mesothelial cells and macrophages from all samples were uniformly and strongly positive for both HLA-A, B, C and beta2-microglobulin. We conclude that the paucity of HLA-I antigens provides a marker helpful in distinguishing metastatic breast carcinoma cells from reactive mesothelial cells in effusions.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Neoplasias/análise , Líquido Ascítico/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/análise , Metástase Neoplásica/diagnóstico , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologia , Derrame Pericárdico/diagnóstico , Derrame Pleural Maligno/diagnóstico , Derrame Pleural/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Líquido Ascítico/citologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Feminino , Antígenos HLA/análise , Antígenos HLA-DR/análise , Humanos , Receptores de Lipopolissacarídeos/análise , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/imunologia , Derrame Pericárdico/citologia , Derrame Pleural/citologia , Derrame Pleural Maligno/citologia , Microglobulina beta-2/análiseRESUMO
One hundred nine thyroid nodules were studied by fine needle aspiration cytology and were compared with the histologic sections of these lesions. The correlation of diagnoses between the two techniques proved to be comparable, and the results showed a low incidence of false-negative and flase-positive diagnoses. The criteria and merits of the fine needle aspiration cytology technique used in diagnosing thyroid lesions are presented.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Adenoma/patologia , Biópsia por Agulha , Carcinoma/patologia , Citodiagnóstico/métodos , Humanos , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnósticoRESUMO
Buccal mucosal cells from 30 males and 20 females were examined for fluorescent bodies in the interphase nuclei. Chromosomal analysis using peripheral blood, stained with quinacrine mustard (QM), was carried out on the 30 males. The calculated lengths of the Y chromosome were found to be related to the percentage of the total fluorescent bodies, both normal (F-body) and atypical (Fa-body), and also to the proportion of Fa-bodies present in the interphase nuclei. The long Y individuals had a higher percentage of fluorescent bodies and a higher proportion of Fa-bodies while the short Y individuals had a lower percentage of fluorescent bodies and a lower proportion of Fa-bodies.
Assuntos
Núcleo Celular/ultraestrutura , Cromossomos Sexuais/ultraestrutura , Cromossomo Y/ultraestrutura , Bochecha , Feminino , Fluorescência , Humanos , Interfase , Cariotipagem , Masculino , Mucosa Bucal/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Squamous epithelial cells with nuclear characteristics similar to those of the "Anitschkow myocyte" have been found in smears from the oral cavity. The cells are found in scrapings from the area around the labial fold of the lower lip and are most commonly found in abundance in people with active aphthous ulcers. Electron microscopic study of material from the oral cavity is being undertaken by the ultrastructural section of our department.
Assuntos
Mucosa Bucal/citologia , Estomatite Aftosa/patologia , Núcleo Celular/ultraestrutura , Cromatina/ultraestrutura , Células Epiteliais , Epitélio/ultraestrutura , Humanos , LábioRESUMO
A study was initiated in September 1976 to detect early bladder carcinoma by selective cytologic screening in a rural Egyptian population infested with Schistosoma haematobium. All persons in a high-risk group, i.e., farmers aged 20 years and above, and selected persons from two low-risk groups were screened. Bladder carcinoma was detected in 11 patients among the 4,769 individuals screened in the high-risk group, for a yield of 2.3 per 1,000. No tumors were detected in the 3,975 individuals in the low-risk groups. Cytologically diagnosed tumors were verified by histology in all cases. One of the detected tumors in a female was found to be metastatic from carcinoma of the cervix. The primary tumors included five squamous cell carcinomas, four transitional cell carcinomas and one undifferentiated carcinoma. Seven of the tumors were at early stages, including three noninvasive (TIS) and four superficial (T1 and T2) ones. This investigation indicates that selective cytologic screening in the high-risk group in Egypt is feasible and effective for the early detection of bladder carcinoma associated with schistosomiasis.
Assuntos
Esquistossomose/complicações , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/diagnóstico , Núcleo Celular/ultraestrutura , Citodiagnóstico , Citoplasma/ultraestrutura , Egito , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Risco , População Rural , Schistosoma haematobium , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/complicaçõesAssuntos
Cromossomos , Linfoma/patologia , Adulto , Ascite/patologia , Linfoma de Burkitt/patologia , Técnicas de Cultura , Citogenética , Humanos , CariotipagemAssuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante , Linhagem Celular , Adulto , Aldosterona/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Mama/enzimologia , Neoplasias da Mama/microbiologia , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/enzimologia , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/microbiologia , Divisão Celular , Transformação Celular Neoplásica , Cortisona/farmacologia , Meios de Cultura , Células Epiteliais , Estradiol/farmacologia , Feminino , Fibroblastos , Hormônio do Crescimento/farmacologia , Humanos , Insulina/farmacologia , Cariotipagem , Microscopia Eletrônica , Vírus Oncogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Progesterona/farmacologia , Prolactina/farmacologia , DNA Polimerase Dirigida por RNA/metabolismo , Replicação ViralAssuntos
Linhagem Celular , Retinoblastoma , Divisão Celular , Membrana Celular , Pré-Escolar , Cromossomos , Técnicas de Cultura , Feminino , Humanos , Corpos de Inclusão , Cariotipagem , Microscopia Eletrônica , Microtúbulos , Vírus Oncogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Vírus de RNA/isolamento & purificação , DNA Polimerase Dirigida por RNA/metabolismo , Retinoblastoma/enzimologia , Retinoblastoma/genética , Retinoblastoma/microbiologia , Retinoblastoma/patologia , Moldes GenéticosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To date, no studies have investigated how the preoperative management of clopidogrel, an irreversible antiplatelet agent, influences the outcome following minor operative procedures. The purpose of this study is to determine if clopidogrel use within 7 days of inguinal herniorrhaphy increases the postoperative risk for bleeding-related morbidity or mortality. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed of 46 patients on clopidogrel who underwent inguinal herniorrhaphy from 2004 to 2008. Patients were grouped based on the last administered dose of clopidogrel; <7 days (A) and ≥ 7 days (B). RESULTS: Of the 46 patients, 20 were in group A and 26 were in group B. No significant differences in operative blood loss, perioperative transfusion requirement, postoperative bleeding complications, intensive care unit (ICU) requirements, mortality, or 30-day readmission/reoperation rates were demonstrated between patients in groups A and B. Patients in group A had a significantly increased postoperative admission rate (65% vs. 15%, P = 0.0002) and increased mean hospital stay (1.0 vs. 0.15 days, P = 0.003). However, urinary retention, pain management, and the monitoring of other conditions accounted for over 80% of these admissions. One patient in group A (5%) developed a postoperative hematoma, which is consistent with the complication rate seen in the general population after inguinal herniorrhaphy. Overall, no difference in admission secondary to hematoma or postoperative bleeding was demonstrated. CONCLUSION: Clopidogrel use within 7 days of inguinal herniorrhaphy did not increase the risk for perioperative bleeding complications. No mortalities, readmissions, or ICU requirements occurred, regardless of the timing of clopidogrel cessation. The increased risk for hospital admission and length of stay seen in group A is likely to be attributable to nonbleeding-related patient factors rather than clopidogrel use. Thus, it may not be necessary to interrupt clopidogrel therapy prior to inguinal herniorrhaphy in high-risk patients.