RESUMO
In Schnitzler syndrome, which is mostly diagnosed with a low and asymptomatic monoclonal peak, anakinra has always exhibited a complete but only transient control of the auto-inflammatory signs, which are induced by interleukin (IL)-1 auto-activation. We focused on the treatment of a case of Schnitzler syndrome with moderate macroglobulinemia peak. Anakinra failed to improve the severe inflammatory anaemia and the dysglobulinemia, but rituximab-dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy alone allowed a complete response. The correlation between the clinical, pro-inflammatory cytokines and dysglobulinemia complete controls with chemotherapy proves the following: (1) the dual action of this treatment in both the auto-inflammatory and dysglobulinemia components of the syndrome and (2) a different but entangled cytokine network in the pathogenesis of the auto-inflammatory and dysglobulinemia components of the syndrome.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Síndrome de Schnitzler/tratamento farmacológico , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/tratamento farmacológico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/administração & dosagem , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Proteína Antagonista do Receptor de Interleucina 1/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Indução de Remissão , RituximabRESUMO
Carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions are among the most important processes in organic chemistry, and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions are among the most widely used protocols for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. These reactions are generally catalyzed by soluble palladium complexes with various ligands. However, the use of toxic organic solvents remains a scientific challenge and an aspect of economical and ecological relevance. This Review will summarize various recently developed significant methods by which the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling was conducted in aqueous media, and analyzes if they are "real green" protocols.