RESUMO
We demonstrate the possibility to generate squeezed vacuum states of light by four wave mixing (FWM) enabled coherent population trapping in a metastable helium cell at room temperature. Contrary to usual FWM far detuned schemes, we work at resonance with an atomic transition. We investigate the properties of such states and show that the noise variances of the squeezed and anti-squeezed quadratures cannot be explained by the simple presence of losses. A specific model allows us to demonstrate the role played by spontaneous emitted photons, which experience squeezing while propagation inside of the cell. This theoretical model, which takes into account both residual absorption and spontaneous emission, leads to an excellent agreement with the experimental data without any adjusted parameter.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a major health problem, with a 5-year overall survival of 25%. Surgical management of stage IIIA NSCLC is still controversial. We conduct a systematic analysis of the different management strategies for stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC. METHODS: We analyzed randomized control trials published between January 1990 to December 2013, comparing induction chemotherapy followed by surgery vs. surgery alone, and those comparing induction chemo or radiotherapy followed by surgery vs. induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy for stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC. RESULTS: A 16% significant increase in overall survival was found in favor of induction chemotherapy followed by surgery vs. surgery alone. However, there was no significant difference in overall survival between induction chemo- or radiotherapy followed by surgery and induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Current scientific data do not permit the exclusion of surgery as an option in the management of stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Pneumonectomia/métodos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Terapia Combinada , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Adenoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Ampola Hepatopancreática/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Duodenais/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenoma/cirurgia , Colecistectomia , Neoplasias Duodenais/cirurgia , Duodeno/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pancreatectomia , RadiografiaAssuntos
Hemostáticos/uso terapêutico , Otorrinolaringopatias/cirurgia , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Twenty-four cases of duodenal adenomas which did not originate at the ampulla of Vater are discussed. The radiographic and clinical features of these lesions are presented together with a review of 120 cases previously reported in the literature. The role of barium studies and endoscopy in the evaluation of these adenomas is emphasized. A diameter of more than 5 cm represents a criterion favoring malignant degeneration of such non-Vaterian adenomas.