Comparison of Histopathological Findings in Psoriasis According to the Lesion Location From Biopsy.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the histopathological findings of psoriasis varied by the biopsied lesion location. Age, gender, age at disease onset, lesion locations, presence or absence of a preliminary diagnosis of psoriasis, and histopathological findings of 307 patients were recorded. The sections prepared from the patients' paraffin blocks were reexamined microscopically, the severity of the observed findings was graded, and various histopathological features were recorded. The female-to-male ratio was 1.2 to 1. Family history for psoriasis was positive in 30% of patients. A clinically preliminary diagnosis of psoriasis was present in 232 patients. The most common histopathological features included hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, Munro/Kogoj microabscesses, suprapapillary thinning-hypogranulosis, and vascular dilation-capillary proliferation. Hyperkeratosis was least common in the trunk. A linear and moderately strong correlation was found between the histopathological findings of inflammation, capillary proliferation, and suprapapillary thinning. For the first time, the clinical and demographic features of psoriasis are evaluated and the severity of the histopathological findings is compared by the biopsied lesion location in a large number of patients.

Effect of ondansetron for preventing of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: in an experimental rat model.

Objective: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is an iatrogenic condition that occurs in the treatment of infertility. There is no specific treatment available for OHSS. Cabergoline is a dopamine receptor 2 agonist and VEGF-VEGF2 receptor antagonist . Recently, cabergoline has been widely used to prevent the development of OHSS and reduce its severity Serotonin is known as a neurotransmitter and thought to have a role in the mechanism of angiogenesis and in signaling in endothelial cells. Serotonin is said to have similar effects to VEGF . Ondansetron is Selective Serotonin (5-HT3) Receptor Antagonist . It works by blocking the action of serotonin, a natural substance that may cause nausea and vomiting. In the clinical practice today, there is no choice other than cabergoline, to prevent occurrence and reduce severity of OHSS, and sometimes its effects are limited. Methods: In our study, we compared the effect of cabergoline and ondansetron. 32 immature rats were used and the OHSS model was created. Parameters such as hematocrit value , ovarian size, the number of follicles in the ovary, endometrial capillary congestion and thickness values were evaluated and compared. Results: As a result, in our study, it was seen that ondansetron was effective on OHSS in many parameters. It is thought to be as effective as cabergoline. When we look at the literature, this is the first study in which ondansetron was evaluated for this purpose. It would be good to show this effect of ondansetron with other studies.

Could erythropoietin reduce the ovarian damage of cisplatin in female rats?

The aim of this study is to investigate whether erythropoietin (EPO) can reduce the ovarian damage of cisplatin or not. Thirty, female, Wistar-Albino rats were used in the study. Control group (N = 10): Intraperitoneal saline infusion, Cisplatin group (N = 10): Intraperitoneal 7 mg/kg cisplatin, Cisplatin + EPO group (N = 10): Intraperitoneal 7 mg/kg cisplatin and subcutaneous 200 IU/kg/day EPO. Serum AMH concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit of AMH. Follicular counts were evaluated according to mean diameter of the follicles. Ovarian damage; including follicular cell degeneration, vascular congestion, hemorrhage, and inflammation was scored histologically using a graduated scale. Posttreatment AMH levels of cisplatin group were significantly lower than control and cisplatin + EPO groups. In cisplatin group, there was a significant decrement in posttreatment AMH level compared to pretreatment AMH level. The total damage score of cisplatin group was significantly higher than scores of control and cisplatin + EPO groups. The mean primordial follicle counts of control and cisplatin + EPO groups were significantly higher than that of cisplatin group (p = .007 and p = .003). The results of this study revealed that EPO administration to cisplatin chemotherapy could ameliorate the ovarian damage. Erythropoietin administration to chemotherapeutic agents might suggest to protect ovarian failure and infertility.

What is the protective effect of metformin on rat ovary against ischemia-reperfusion injury?

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of metformin on the rat ovary against ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: Thirty-seven female Wistar albino rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into five groups, as follows: sham operation group (group 1); torsion group (group 2); torsion/detorsion + saline group (group 3); torsion/detorsion + low-dose metformin group (group 4); and torsion/detorsion + high-dose metformin group (group 5). The right ovary from each rat was evaluated histologically using hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the left ovaries were evaluated for tissue levels of the reduced-glutathione-to-oxidized-glutathione ratio, malondialdehyde (MDA), and caspase-3 activation. RESULTS: The highest damage score was observed in group 3, and the lowest score was observed in group 1. The tissue caspase-3 activity levels of groups 2, 3, and 4 were significantly higher than those of group 1. The difference between group 1 and group 5 in terms of tissue caspase-3 activity was not significant (P = 0.4). The reduced-glutathione-to-oxidized-glutathione ratio of group 1 was significantly higher than the ratios found in groups 2, 3, and 4. The tissue MDA level of group 1 was significantly lower than the levels found in groups 2, 3, 4, and 5. The tissue MDA level of group 5 was significantly lower than the levels in groups 3 and 4. CONCLUSION: From both histopathological and biochemical analyses, the results of the study demonstrated that metformin has beneficial effects when it comes to attenuating ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Cystic lymphangioma of the lesser omentum in a pregnant woman: a case report and review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE: Lymphangiomas are rare benign tumors which are generally seen in pediatric population and the etiopathogenesis has not yet been understood. They occasionally occur in the head and neck or axillary region with only 5% of them being located in the abdominal or mediastinal cavity. These tumors may be asymptomatic or may cause acute abdominal symptoms due to the location and extention. In the English literature, only 4 cases of lymphangioma were reported to have occurred in the pregnancy period. Herein, we report a case of cystic lymphangioma of the lesser omentum detected incidentally on the ultrasonogram of a 21 year-old, 26-week pregnant woman. The patient was followed up uneventfully during pregnancy. Caesarean section was performed due to transverse presentation of the fetus, and the tumor was completely resected during the same session. The patient is recurrence-free after 1 year of postoperative follow-up.

A Case of Plasma Cell Granuloma Located on the Gingiva.

Plasma cell granuloma (PCG) is an uncommon benign tumor of unknown etiology, primarily located in the lungs. We report a case of PCG on the gingiva mimicking benign and malignant tumors in a 56-year-old woman. Histopathological examination revealed a relatively sharp circumscribed inflammatory cell infiltration under the mucosa-containing plasma cells, predominantly those including Russell bodies. Plasma cells are stained by CD138 immunohistochemistry. Polyclonal status of the lesion was confirmed by kappa and lambda light chaining. The typical histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in combination with the clinical features were consistent with PCG, about which the literature reports very few cases.

Intralesional Avirulent Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Injection as a Promising Method for the Treatment of Tuberculosis Verrucosa Cutis.

Cutaneous involvement is a relatively uncommon manifestation of tuberculosis (TB), particularly outside the endemic regions. Cutaneous TB manifests itself in various clinical forms, depending on the host's immune status and mode of transmission. Nonetheless, the same treatment regimen is recommended for every subtype. Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (TBVC) is a specific subgroup in which the affected persons are usually healthy adults who are vaccinated or exposed to mycobacteria during their occupational activities. These patients have the ability to launch a strong cellular immune reaction against mycobacteria. In this article, we present an elderly patient with a 4-year history of TBVC who was treated with intralesional injection of avirulent Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and report our clinical observation on the inflammatory and healing process of the patient's lesion following the intralesional BCG injection.

The concomitant use of USP28 and p53 to predict the progression of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

The Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 28 (USP28) is a deubiquitinase involved in the DNA damage pathway. Recently, USP28 protein is reported to play roles in the mechanism of p53 action and could be a possible prognostic marker for bladder cancer (BCa). This study aims to explore the relation of USP28 with tumor growth and invasion, and also to investigate the interplay between USP28 and p53 in BCa. Expression levels of USP28 and p53 in human BCa (invasive and non-invasive, n = 43) and control tissues (n = 8) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) profiling. The relationship between protein and gene expression levels, clinicopathologic features and prognosis were evaluated. Significant positive correlations were found between BCa tumor progression and the USP28 expression, and also between the USP28 and p53 scores (p all < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry staining percentages were strongly correlated between USP28 and p53, and also positive correlations between tumor progression and p53 expressions were determined (p all < 0.001). Interestingly, USP28 and p53 were highly expressed and correlated in BCa. Consequently, the immunohistochemistry and qPCR results reported in our study suggested the idea that USP28 in coordination with p53 could serve as a marker in BCa progression.

Intravoxel incoherent motion parameters in the evaluation of chronic hepatitis B virus-induced hepatic injury: fibrosis and capillarity changes.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced hepatic fibrosis using different calculation methods and to investigate histopathologic origins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Liver biopsies from 37 prospectively recruited chronic hepatitis B patients were obtained. Twelve b-value (0-1000 s/mm2) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was performed with a 1.5 T scanner and was followed by blinded percutaneous liver biopsy. All biopsy specimens were evaluated with Ishak staging, and the microvascular density (MVD) was calculated. Patients were classified as having no/mild (F0-1), moderate (F2-3), or marked (F4-5) fibrosis. Pseudodiffusion (D*), the perfusion fraction (f), and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated using all b-values, while true diffusion (D) was calculated using all b-values [D0-1000] and b-values greater than 200 s/mm2 [D200-1000]. Three concentric regions of interest (ROIs) (5, 10, and 20 mm) centered on the biopsy site were used. RESULTS: D* was correlated with the MVD (p = 0.015, Pearson's r = 0.415), but f was not (p = 0.119). D0-1000 was inversely correlated with Ishak stage (p = 0.000, Spearman's rs = - 0.685) and was significantly decreased in all the fibrosis groups; however, only the no/mild and marked fibrosis groups had significantly different D200-1000 values. A pairwise comparison of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of D0-1000 and D200-1000 showed significant differences (p = 0.039). D* was the best at discriminating early fibrosis (AUC = 0.861), while the ADC best discriminated advanced fibrosis (AUC = 0.964). CONCLUSION: D* was correlated with the MVD and is a powerful parameter to discriminate early hepatic fibrosis. D significantly decreased with advanced fibrosis stage when using b-values less than 200 s/mm2 in calculations.

Rare Plasmacytoid Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Two Case Reports.

Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma is a rare and aggressive form of urothelial carcinoma characterized with delayed presentation and poor prognosis. Very few cases of this carcinoma have been reported in the literature. Here, we report and discuss two cases of bladder plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma of a 57-year-old male presented with renal colic, and a 33-year-old female presented with macroscopic hematuria. Pathologic examinations of the transurethral biopsies revealed urothelial carcinoma with plasmacytoid appearance. Subsequently, immunohistochemicalevaluation showed positive expression of epithelial markers and CD138. Additionally, losing of the membranous expression of E-cadherin verified the diagnosis of plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: a case with rare adhesion to pancreas.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare benign condition with unknown aetiology and chronic infection of kidney. Commonly, most cases are related with urinary tract obstruction, nephrolithiasis, infection, diabetes, and/or immune compromise. XGP is associated with destruction of the renal parenchyma and granulomatous inflammation with foamy lipid-laden macrophages resulting from obstructive uropathy. It closely mimics a malignancy, exhibiting local tissue invasion and destruction. Adjacent organs especially duodenum as well as very rarely pancreas or spleen may be involved. Additionally, XGP is known as notorious for fistulisations, such as pyelocutaneous and ureterocutaneous fistulae, which have been reported as well described. XGP may be indistinguishable from renal cell carcinoma by radiographic and clinic consultation so it must be diagnosed based on the histopathologic examinations. Furthermore, macroscopic appearance of XGP is a mass of yellow tissue with focal haemorrhage besides necrosis and in this regard, it grossly resembles renal cell carcinoma. Here, we report the case of a 32-year-old female, preoperatively diagnosed as malignancy by clinical examination. Our further pathological evaluations revealed very rarely adhesion of XGP to pancreas tissue.

The Effects of Periostin in a Rat Model of Isoproterenol: Mediated Cardiotoxicity.

Periostin is an extracellular matrix protein from fasciclin family, and it plays an important role in the cell adhesion, migration, and growth of the organism. Periostin prevents apoptosis while stimulating cardiomyocytes. The present study was designed to investigate cardioprotective effects of the recombinant murine periostin peptide administration in a rat model of isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury. The experiment was performed on 84 adult male Sprague Dawley rats in 4 groups (n = 21): control group (1), periostin-treated group (2), ISO-treated group (3), and ISO + periostin-treated group (4). The groups were further divided into three subgroups based on the duration of the experiment in which rats were killed on days 1, 7, and 28 (n = 7). Growth factors (VEGF, ANGPT, FGF-2, TGFß), mitosis and apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax, PCNA, Ki-67, phospho-histone H3), cell cycle activators and inhibitors (cyclin D1, D2, A2, Cdc2), the origin of regenerating cells (cKit and CD45) mRNA were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR array. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to directly detect protein level and distribution in the heart tissues. Administration of periostin following ISO-induced cardiotoxicity revealed that periostin alleviated deleterious effects of ISO through several pathways: (1) periostin induced mitotic activity of endothelial/fibroblastic cells, (2) periostin drives cardiomyocytes into S and M phases, thus promoting proliferation of cardiomyocytes, (3) periostin contributed to collagen degradation, tissue remodeling, and reduced cardiac fibrosis during the healing process following myocardial damage while preserving tissue matrix, (4) periostin stimulated angiogenesis by upregulating THBS1, TGFB2, and HGF genes, (5) periostin regulated cell growth and proliferation while maintaining cell shape and cellular muscle contractions (ACTB) and functioned as chemoattractant factor (CCL2) at the beginning of myocardial damage.

Healing of Ischemic Colon Anastomosis in Rats Could Be Provided by Administering Dexpanthenol or Coenzyme Q10.

BACKGROUND: In this study, the effectiveness of dexpanthenol and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the healing of ischemic colon anastomosis was investigated. METHODS: Forty eight male Wistar Albino rats were divided into four equal groups (Sham-S, Sham-I, DXP, Q10). Following full layer colon resection, single layer colon anastomosis, without creating ischemia, was performed on the Sham-S group. The same experimental model was performed on remaining groups after ischemia was created. Intraperitoneal dexpanthenol and CoQ10 was administered to the DXP and Q10 groups once a day for three days. Ten days later, all colon anastomoses were investigated histopathologically and biochemically, as well as their burst pressure values, in all sacrificed rats. RESULTS: The highest burst pressure value was observed in the Sham-S group, decreasing from high to low in the DXP, Q10, and Sham-I groups, respectively (p = 0.008). Furthermore, tissue hydroxyproline (p = 0.001) level values were significantly different among the groups. Additionally, histopathological analysis revealed a significant difference among groups regarding reepithelization (p = 0.027) and polymorphonuclear leukocyte density (p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study has shown that ischemia-reperfusion injury may impair the healing of colon anastomosis and it has been concluded that dexpanthenol and CoQ10 may have positive effects on the healing of ischemic colon anastomosis in rat, although re-epithelization may be adversely affected using CoQ10.

Nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma, a rare pediatric tumor: Case report.

Nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma has characteristic clinicopathological features and it is accepted as the upper airway analogue of mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall. It is a rare lesion and only 31 cases have been reported in the English literature until 2014. In this article, a 13-year-old nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma case is presented, which is the first nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma case from Turkey. Although, nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma has been accepted as a benign lesion, the possibility of malignant transformation should be kept in mind, and detailed histologic examination should be performed particularly in adult nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma cases.

[Coexistence of multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors and signet ring cell carcinoma of stomach in a patient with neurofibromatosis type-1: case report]. / Nörofibromatozis Tip-1'li Hastada Multipl Gastrointestinal Stromal Tümör ve Midede Tasli Yüzük Hücreli Karsinom Birlikteligi: Olgu Sunumu.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are mesenchymal neoplasias which are derived from Cajal's interstitial cells. The most common site of involvement is the stomach. It may be multiple in patients with Neurofibromatosis Type-1, while the small intestine is the most common location. In this case report, we aimed to present a Neurofibromatosis Type-1 patient, showing coexistence of multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the stomach and small intestine with a signet ring cell carcinoma in the stomach. A 74-year-old female patient with poor appetite, vomiting and stomach ache was admitted to the hospital. After detection of a tumoral lesion with an ulcerated surface in stomach during the upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic examination, the patient underwent surgery. During the operation, multiple nodular lesions were observed in the serosal surfaces of the small intestine and stomach. Gastrectomy and partial small intestine resection specimens were evaluated and the patient was diagnosed as signet ring cell carcinoma in the stomach, and multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the serosal surfaces of both the stomach and small intestine. Resection specimens of patients with GIST need to be evaluated carefully on macroscopic examination, considering the possible presence of a coexistent tumoral lesion.

Pulmonary carcinosarcoma: a case report.

Pulmonary carcinosarcoma, belonging to sarcomatoid carcinomas, is a quite rare tumor that contains both malignant epithelial and mesenchymal elements. This tumor has different phenotypic characteristics and clinical course compared to non-small cell lung tumors. A case diagnosed as carcinosarcoma is presented and its clinical and pathological features and the differential diagnosis are discussed. The case was a 74-year-old male admitted with shortness of breath and cough. The chest x-ray showed a left lung mass and a bronchoscopic examination was performed. Histopathological examination of the bronchoscopic biopsy showed necrosis and a malignant tumor consisting of diffuse infiltrative anaplastic cells. Surgery was performed and the case was diagnosed as carcinosarcoma in the resection material. Pulmonary carcinosarcoma is a rare lung tumor. Determination of tumoral cells and performing advanced investigations in resection material seem to be relatively easier than in small biopsies. However, this type of tumor can be encountered in small biopsy materials as in the presented case and should be kept in mind in relation to the differential diagnosis as small tissues can have only one, particularly mesenchymal, tumoral component.