RESUMO
Forsythiae Fructus, as a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used both as a single herb and in compound prescriptions in Asia, mainly due to its heat-clearing and detoxifying effects. Modern pharmacology has proved Forsythiae Fructus possesses various therapeutic effects, both in vitro and in vivo, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral activities. Up to now, three hundred and twenty-one compounds have been identified and sensitive analytical methods have been established for its quality control. Recently, the pharmacokinetics of Forsythiae Fructus and its bioactive compounds have been reported, providing valuable information for its clinical application. Therefore, this systematic review focused on the newest scientific reports on Forsythiae Fructus and extensively summarizes its phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and standardization procedures, especially the difference between the two applied types-unripe Forsythiae Fructus and ripe Forsythiae Fructus-in the hope of providing a helpful reference and guide for its clinical applications and further studies.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Forsythia/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacocinética , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antivirais/química , Antivirais/farmacocinética , Antivirais/farmacologia , Descoberta de Drogas , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacocinética , Humanos , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical role in tumor survival and metastasis. Iron(ii,iii) oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles have been shown to induce M1 macrophage polarization to initiate antitumor immunity and inhibit tumor metastasis. Hyaluronic acid (HA) modified doxorubicin (DOX) loaded Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4-DOX-HA) have been constructed to mediate specific delivery of Fe3O4 nanoparticles to CD44-positive 4T1 tumor cells and tumor associated macrophages. Covalent conjugation of HA with DOX rendered nanoparticles with pH sensitivity, and further contributed to the prolonged circulation and enhanced tumor-specific accumulation in vivo. Furthermore, combining the M1 polarization effect of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles and enhanced cytotoxicity, Fe3O4-DOX-HA demonstrated enhanced antitumor and anti-metastasis effects both in vitro and in vivo.