Mutations in codons 12 and 13 of K-ras exon 2 in colorectal tumors of Saudi Arabian patients: frequency, clincopathological associations, and clinical outcomes.

Mutations in codons 12/13 of K-ras exon 2 are associated with reduced benefit from anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we evaluated the frequency of K-ras mutations and their relationship with clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes in Saudi Arabian patients with CRC. The genetic status of K-ras was determined in 300 patients diagnosed with CRC. Clinical information was collected retrospectively. K-ras was wild-type in 58% and mutated in 42% of the tumors. Most mutations were at codon 12 (89%) and were associated with metastasis [odds ratio (OR) = 1.38 (95%CI = 1.14-1.67] and occurrence of >40 µg/L carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) [OR = 1.33 (1.1-1.74)] during diagnosis. Patients in stages I-III of the disease with wild-type K-ras tumors had a median relapse free survival (RFS) of 29 months in contrast to 22 months for those with the mutated K-ras tumor (P = 0.0357). In multivariate analysis, only the stage of the disease significantly predicted RFS (P = 0.001). Patients in stage IV of CRC with the wild-type K-ras tumor did not reach the median overall survival (OS), whereas patients with the mutated K-ras tumor survived for 23.5 months (P = 0.044). CEA level >40 µg/L (P = 0.004) and status of K-ras (P = 0.044) were independent predictors of OS. This is the largest study investigating K-ras mutations in patients with CRC in the Middle East. Mutations were associated with advanced stage of CRC, higher serum CEA, shorter RFS and OS.

Optimizing the Communication with Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Patient Perspectives.

BACKGROUND: During curfew, patients are self-isolated at home and worried. Patient-doctor interactions may be disrupted and therefore need to be replaced by alternative effective communication methods. PURPOSE: To describe the preferences of cancer patients with respect to communication methods and the use of patient-accessible electronic health records (PAEHRs). To record the impact on cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and the knowledge and attitude of the patients towards it. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We created a self-administered electronic survey that was piloted and evaluated for its clinical relevance. Using convenient sampling methods, we surveyed the cancer patients in our Oncology Center. RESULTS: We received 385 responses between April 15 and April 30, 2020. The preferred method for communication was a phone call with a 92% response rate followed by the electronic patient portal, mobile application, telemedicine and text message in 75%, 76%, 73%, and 72%, respectively. The majority (97%) preferred the use of PAEHRs for appointments, 95% for drug delivery and to view laboratory tests, and 92% in requesting medical reports. In our survey, 22% of patients with cancer reported that their medical cancer care had not been affected by COVID-19. They reported that trusted sources of information during COVID-19 included the Ministry of Health with 98% and doctors with 94%. Sixty-one percent know that they are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection and 91% of respondents supported the notion of digital transformation in the caring of cancer patients. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed a general acceptance of patients to telecommunication as substitute to in-person interaction with their physicians. Interaction between cancer patients and health care providers should not be disrupted but should be augmented with more effective platforms to improve health care outcomes.

Predictive Value of the Pattern of ß-Catenin Expression for Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the association of ß-catenin expression pattern with pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer (BC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective exploratory study, data for 50 BC patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were recorded. ß-catenin expression in tumours was assessed using immunohistochemistry and classified as either membranous or cytoplasmic according to the pattern of staining. Distributions of different clinico-pathological parameters according to ß-catenin expression were assessed using the Chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess any relation of the pattern of ß-catenin expression with the pathological response. RESULTS: Cytoplasmic ß-catenin expression was detected in 34% of BCs. Among our cases, 52% were hormonal receptor (HR)-positive, 24% were HER2-positive, 74% were clinical stage III and 74% received both anthracycline and taxane-based chemotherapy. Patients with cytoplasmic expression were more commonly younger than 40 years at diagnosis (cytoplasmic, 41.2% vs. no cytoplasmic expression, 12.1%, p=0.03). By doing t-test, cytoplasmic ß-catenin expression was linked with a higher body mass index compared to membranous-only expression (mean± SD 33.0 ± 4.47 vs. 29.6 ±6.01, respectively, p=0.046). No significant associations were found between ß-catenin expression and other parameters such as HR and HER2 status, or clinical stage. Complete pathological response (pCR) rate was twice as great in patients with membranous expression but without statistical signi cance (membranous- only, 33.3% vs. cytoplasmic, 17.6%, OR=2.3, 95% CI= 0.55-9.87, p=0.24). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that cytoplasmic ß-catenin expression may be linked with lower probability of achieving pCR after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These data need to be validated in a larger cohort of patients.

Correlation of Preoperative Ki67 and Serum CA15.3 Levels with Outcome in Early Breast Cancers a Multi Institutional Study.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the association between preoperative pathological Ki67 labeling index and serum tumor marker cancer antigen 153 (CA 153) with clinicpathological parameters and treatment outcomes in early breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study at 4 cancer centers in Saudi Arabia and Egypt was performed. Data were collected for female patients diagnosed with unilateral early breast cancer between March 2010 and October 2013. Cases treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by surgery and radiotherapy were included. NACT included 68 cycles of anthracycline and taxane based regimens. Trastuzumab and hormonal treatments were added according to HER2 and hormone receptor status. Baseline serum CA15.3 and pathological Ki67 levels were evaluated and correlated with disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: A total of 280 pts was included. The median age was 49 years (3866 y) and median overall survival was 35 (2038) months (mo). Estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR) and HER 2 receptors were positive in 233 (83.2%), 198 (70%) and 65 cases (23.2%), respectively. High preoperative Ki67 and CA15.3 were noted in 177 (63.2%) and 131 (46.8%). A total of 45 (16%) patients had distal or local recurrence and 24 (8.6%) died of their disease. Most of the relapsed cases had high preoperative Ki67 (n=41, 91%) and CA15.3 (n=28, 62%) values. All of the patients who died had a high Ki67 but CA15.3 was high in 9 (37%) only. Mean DFS/OS in patients with high preoperative Ki67 was 32 months /32 months as compared to 37 months/35 months in those with normal Ki67 (p<0.001). Correlation of preoperative CA15.3 and survival was statistically not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative Ki67 can be a predictive and prognostic marker. Higher levels are associated with poor DFS and OS in patients with early BC.

Mammographic breast density: Predictive value for pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate the relation between mammographic breast density (BD) and pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 241 breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included. BD was assessed in mammograms already performed at diagnosis. Pathological complete response (pCR) and pathological stage were correlated with BD, tumour phenotype and other clinico-pathological factors. RESULTS: Patients with low BD had better pCR compared to those with high density (30.5% vs 19.5% respectively, OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 0.98-3.3, p = 0.056) which was more pronounced after adjustment with body mass index (BMI) (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.2-4.8, p = 0.011). HER2-positive disease (32.5% vs. 18.4%, OR = 2.2, 95% = 1.2-4.0, p = 0.01), lower BMI (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.03-1.15, p = 0.004) and lower clinical stage (p = 0.002) were significant predictors of pCR in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, low BD (OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.3-5.5, p = 0.006) and lower BMI (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.03-1.17, p = 0.003) were independent predictors of better pCR, while early clinical stage (I, II) was of borderline significance (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 0.99-6.7, p = 0.052). High BD (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1-3.2, p = 0.03), advanced clinical stage (III) (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.03-2.1, p = 0.03) and higher BMI (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02-1.11, p = 0.006) were significant predictors of advanced pathological stage. CONCLUSION: Low mammographic BD, low BMI and early clinical stage were associated with improved pCR rate and lower pathological stage after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. BD had more pronounced association with response to chemotherapy after adjustment with BMI.