[Actual nutrition in adults with familial hypercholesterolemia].

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a highly atherogenic, genetically based lipid disorder. For patients with FH, dietary modification is the cornerstone of complex lipidlowering therapy. The aim of the research was to assess the actual nutrition in adults with familial hypercholesterolemia. Material and methods. The study included 100 patients over 18 years old (including 46% men) with "probable" or "definite" FH according to the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network or Simon Broome criteria from the GENMOTIV-FH study (ClinicalTrials: NCT04656028) in 2019-2021. Actual nutrition was assessed using the 24-hour dietary recall method. The frequency of the main meal groups' consumption and food-related behavior were assessed using a questionnaire method. The data are presented as the median [Q25; Q75]. Results. The study showed the excess consumption of protein (19.3 [16.7; 24.0] in men and 18.6% [13.6; 24.3] in women, p=0.592), total fat (35.1 [29.4; 41.0] in men vs 39.2% [33.2; 47.5] in women, p=0.018), including saturated fatty acids (9.6 [4.7; 13.0] vs 10.4% [7.5; 14.2], respectively, p=0.151), and cholesterol (265.8 [188.8; 521.9] mg/day in men vs 282.1 [147.2; 542.8] mg/day in women, p=0.936). Consumption of total carbohydrates (44.3 [37.2; 50.0] vs 39.6% [30.1; 48.8], respectively, p=0.100) and fiber (10.7 [7.3; 13.3] g/day in men vs 11.5 [7.9; 13.9] g/day in women, p=0.372) was insufficient. Only 47.9% of patients consumed vegetables daily, 39.1% - fruits and berries. The majority (64.5%) of patients with FH preferred high-fat cheese (>=25%). Cottage cheese of >=5% fat content preferred 52.7% of patients. The daily poultry consumption was more than red meat (19.3 vs 4.3% respectively, p=0.003). Regularly included fish in their meal 53.8% of patients. Conclusion. The actual nutrition in adults with FH does not match international guidelines. The results highlight the importance of dietary interventions for patients with FH.

[Early diagnosis of mild acute pancreatitis]. / Rannyaya diagnostika legkogo ostrogo pankreatita (s kommentariem).

AIM: to analyze the efficacy of early detection of patients with mild acute pancreatitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 61 patients with acute pancreatitis who do not require intensive care were analyzed. Severity of condition was assessed using integral scales, i.e. modified index of severe pancreatitis severity (MITOP), BISAP, HAPS, SOFA, SIRS, CTSI and Atlanta classification (2012). RESULTS: Verification of mild course of disease according to MITOP scores ≤0.23 and BISAP scores ≤1 for the first 24 hours after admission and CTSI scores ≤3 within first 72 hours had high accuracy [AUC (CI 95%) 0.79 (0.66-0.91); 0.76 (0.66-0.87) and 0.99 (0.97-1.00) respectively], sensitivity and specificity (88.8 and 43.7%; 71.1 and 75.0%; 100 and 83.3% respectively). CONCLUSION: MITOP and BISAP scales are reliable to diagnose early mild acute pancreatitis. Their high positive diagnostic value (81.6 and 88.8%) allows to detect patients who do not require intensive care.

[Optimization of lipid-lowering therapy in patients after ischemic stroke. Resolution of the Council of Experts]. / Optimizatsiya gipolipidemicheskoi terapii u patsientov, perenesshikh ishemicheskii insul't. Rezolyutsiya Soveta ekspertov.

Hyperlipidemia is the main risk factor for diseases caused by atherosclerosis including ischemic stroke. This publication provides practical recommendations and an algorithm for prescribing lipid-lowering therapy to post-ischemic stroke patients. The algorithm presents the steps for sequential administration of statins, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitors to achieve target levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.