Hysterectomy as treatment for complications of legal abortion.

The frequency of hysterectomy as treatment for abortion complications may reflect the incidence of serious abortion morbidity. To examine this use of hysterectomy, the authors analyzed reports of approximately 237,000 legal abortions performed in the United States from 1970 to 1978. Overall, the rate of hysterectomy associated with curettage abortion decreased from 4.6 per 10,000 abortions in 1970 to 1971 to 1.4 per 10,000 in 1975 to 1978; the rate of hysterectomy associated with instillation abortion fell from 6.8 to 4.3 per 10,000 for the same years. A history of older age, previous births, use of instillation abortion, and preexisting gynecologic disorders increased the likelihood of hysterectomy. In cases of curettage abortion, hysterectomy rates increased significantly with advancing gestational age. Changes in abortion technology, improvements in physician skill, and more conservative management of complications have likely contributed to the decreasing frequency of hysterectomy necessitated by abortion complications.

Safety of abortion and tubal sterilization performed separately versus concurrently.

Concurrent abortion and sterilization are preferred by many women to avoid a second hospitalization, operation, and, in some instances, general anesthesia. Several authors have shown concern, however, that the two procedures carry a higher risk of morbidity when performed concurrently versus separately. To determine whether the concurrent performance of sterilization and induced abortion is as safe as the two procedures performed separately, we selected women undergoing these procedures from two separate multicenter, prospective, national United States studies: the Joint Program for the Study of Abortion and the Collaborative Review of Sterilization. Using standard definitions of major morbidity, we calculated the crude rate of one or more major complications to be 0.9% for the abortion-only group, 1.7% for the group concurrent abortion and tubal sterilization. Thus our data suggest that performing concurrent abortion and sterilization is as safe as performing those procedures separately.

PIP: Concurrent abortion and sterilization are preferred by many women to avoid a 2nd hospitalization, operation, and, in some instances, general anesthesia. Several authors have shown concern, however, that the 2 procedures carry a higher risk of morbidity when performed concurrently versus separately. To determine whether the concurrent performance of sterilization and induced abortion is as safe as the 2 procedures performed separately, women undergoing these procedures from 2 separate multicenter, prospective, national US studies were selected: the Joint Program fro the Study of Abortion and the Collaborative Review of Sterilization. Using standard definitions of major morbidity, the crude rate of 1 or more major complications was calculated to be 0.9% for the abortion only group, 1.7% for the group concurrent abortion and tubal sterilization. Thus the authors' data suggest that performing concurrent abortion and sterilization is as safe as performing those procedures separately.

Epidemiology of syphilis in the United States, 1941--1993.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The distribution and trends of syphilis are influenced by biologic factors, sexual behaviors, biomedical technology, availability of and access to health care, public health efforts, changes in population dynamics, and sociocultural factors. The objective of this article is to review the epidemiology of syphilis in the United States during the period 1941-1993 in the context of some of these factors. STUDY DESIGN: Surveillance data on cases of syphilis and congenital syphilis reported by state and city health departments to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed to show distribution and trends by geographic location, racial and ethnic groups, gender, and age. RESULTS: Historically, syphilis was distributed widely throughout the country and declined rapidly after the introduction of penicillin therapy and broad-based public health programs, attaining its lowest levels in the 1950s. However, in recent years, the disease has returned and become focused in the southern region and in urban areas outside that region. Rates of syphilis have remained highest in black Americans, and the most recent national epidemic of syphilis primarily involved them. Rates in white men were at intermediate levels during the early 1980s but have declined to low rates in the 1990s, possibly because of changes in behavior in response to the AIDS epidemic. Rates in white women and other racial and ethnic groups have remained low throughout the 1980s and 1990s. CONCLUSIONS: Syphilis remains a significant problem in the United States, and its epidemiology is influenced by a complex combination of factors. To prevent and control syphilis effectively, public health practitioners must understand these factors and design programs and interventions that address the disease in the context of these factors.

Sociodemographic factors and the variation in syphilis rates among US counties, 1984 through 1993: an ecological analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Syphilis in the United States is focally distributed, with high incidence rates in the South and in metropolitan areas nationwide. In this study an ecological analysis, using the county as the unit of analysis, was performed to generate hypotheses about community-level determinants of syphilis rates. METHODS: Bivariate rank correlations and multivariate, backward stepwise elimination linear regressions were performed. Mean annual incidence of primary- and secondary-stage syphilis in a county was the dependent variable, and county sociodemographic characteristics (from census data) were the independent variables. RESULTS: In the multivariate regression model, sociodemographic characteristics accounted for 71% of the variation in syphilis rates among counties. With other factors accounted for, the most highly correlated characteristics were percentage non-Hispanic Black population, county location in the South, percentage of the population that was urban, percentage Hispanic population, and percentage of births to women younger than 20 years. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the variation in syphilis rates among counties is accounted for by sociodemographic characteristics. Identification and remediation of modifiable health determinants for which these factors are markers are needed to improve the health status of these populations.