Temporal self-imaging effect for periodically modulated trains of pulses.

In this paper, the mathematical description of the temporal self-imaging effect is studied, focusing on the situation in which the train of pulses to be dispersed has been previously periodically modulated in phase and amplitude. It is demonstrated that, for each input pulse and for some specific values of the chromatic dispersion, a subtrain of optical pulses is generated whose envelope is determined by the Discrete Fourier Transform of the modulating coefficients. The mathematical results are confirmed by simulations of various examples and some limits on the realization of the theory are commented.

WDM compatible and electrically tunable SPE-OCDMA system based on the temporal self-imaging effect.

A coding/decoding setup for a spectral phase encoding optical code-division multiple access (SPE-OCDMA) system has been developed. The proposal is based on the temporal self-imaging effect and the use of an easily tunable electro-optic phase modulator to achieve line-by-line coding of the transmitted signal, thus assuring compatibility with WDM techniques. Modulation of the code is performed at the same rate as the data, avoiding the use of high-bandwidth electro-optic modulators. As proof of concept of the technique, experimental results are presented for a back-to-back coder/decoder setup transmitting a 10 GHz unmodulated optical pulse train within an 80 GHz optical window and using 8-chip Hadamard codes.

[Varicella pneumonia in adult population: review of 21 cases]. / Neumonía por varicela en población adulta: revisión de 21 casos.

BACKGROUND: Retrospective study of the varicella pneumonia in adults, in order to know incidence, environmental and clinical characteristics and treatments of patients with this diagnosis during the last 9 years in Toledo. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-one adult patients with the diagnosis of varicella pneumonia were studied, using the information of clinical histories and codified data. The backgrounds of pregnancy, smoking habit, concomitant diseases, previous contacts with another patients and the season of the year, were evaluated. Diagnosis was established by clinical and radiologic criteria in the course of varicella infection. RESULTS: 21 patients (10 males and 11 females, between 25 and 73 years) were studied. 17 (81%) were smokers, in 15 (71.4%) there was documented contact with varicella infection and 4 (19%) were immunocompromised. In the first 3-7 days after the development of skin lesions (100%), there was fever in 20 cases (95.2%) and dyspnea in 14 (66.7%). There were 4 patients (33,3%) without respiratory symptoms and in 5 (23,8%) there was important hypoxemia. Evolution was satisfactory in 20 cases (95.2%); three others requiring admission to Intensive Care Unit. Chest X-ray revealed an interstitial pattern in 11 cases (52.4%), nodular in 4 (19%) and a mixed pattern in 5 (23.8%). 20 patients were treated with acyclovir and in one case with foscarnet. In 28.57% cases, corticosteroids were needed. CONCLUSIONS: We believe smoking habit could be a risk factor related to an increase of varicella pneumonia. A chest X-ray should be made in every patient, despite the symptoms. Adults with pneumonia have a better prognosis if acyclovir is started early in time. Concomitant treatment with corticosteroids should be used in those cases with respiratory insufficiency.

Optical carrier-suppression technique with a Brillouin-erbium fiber laser.

We demonstrate a new concept in optical carrier control that uses a simple arrangement based on a hybrid Brillouin-erbium fiber laser. The system offers precise tunable control of the optical carrier amplitude independently of the characteristics of the transmitter or the optical modulation format. As much as 55 dB of carrier attenuation is demonstrated, which to our knowledge is the highest reported attenuation for a carrier-suppression system.

Optical carrier Brillouin processing of microwave photonic signals.

We introduce a novel concept in Brillouin signal processing based on modification of the optical carrier's magnitude and phase by stimulated Brillouin scattering-induced depletion. The technique offers wideband processing and low noise and requires only low optical power. Application to the enhancement of a 25-km high-frequency analog link is experimentally demonstrated and yields a 6.5-GHz bandwidth extension and a 13-dB reduction in the link insertion loss without intermodulation distortion.

Derrame pleural mielomatoso / Myelomatous pleural effusion

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Neumonía por varicela en población adulta: revisión de 21 casos / Varicella pneumonia in adult population: review of 21 cases

Fundamento. Estudio retrospectivo con el fin de conocer la incidencia de neumonía por varicela en adultos, así como estudiar las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, tratamiento y evolución de los pacientes ingresados en hospital de Toledo en los últimos 9 años. Material y métodos. Se analizó a 21 pacientes adultos ingresados con el diagnóstico de neumonía por varicela mediante estudio retrospectivo de historias clínicas entre enero de 1995 y enero de 2004. Se registraron datos sobre embarazo, sexo, hábito tabáquico, patología subyacente, contacto previo con varicela y época de diagnóstico. Éste se estableció por criterios clinicorradiológicos en el contexto de un episodio de varicela. Resultados. Se han evaluado 21 pacientes (10 varones y 11 mujeres) entre 25 y 73 años, el 81% de los casos presentaba hábito tabáquico, en el 71,4% se había documentado contacto con varicela y en 4 pacientes (19%) existía un trastorno de la inmunidad. La sintomatología aparecida entre 3-7 días tras el desarrollo de lesiones cutáneas (100%), consistió en fiebre, 20 casos (95,2%) y disnea, 14 casos (66,7%) como síntomas más frecuentes. Cuatro pacientes (33,3%) no presentaron clínica respiratoria y en 5 (23,8%) la hipoxemia fue manifiesta. La evolución fue favorable en 20 casos (95,2%), requiriendo ingreso en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos tres pacientes. La radiología de tórax presentó predominio de patrón intersticial en vidrio deslustrado en 11 casos (52,4%), nodular en 4 casos (19%) y en el 23,8% el patrón fue mixto. En 20 pacientes se usó tratamiento con aciclovir y en un caso foscarnet. Se utilizó coadyuvancia con corticoides en el 28,57% de los casos. Conclusiones. El tabaco podría ser un factor de riesgo que se asociara con un incremento de la incidencia de neumonía por varicela. Es recomendable la realización de radiografía de tórax independientemente de la ausencia de clínica respiratoria. Los adultos con neumonía tienen mejor pronóstico cuando se instaura tratamiento precoz con aciclovir. El uso coadyuvante de corticoides debería emplearse especialmente en aquellos casos con fracaso respiratorio

Background. Retrospective study of the varicella pneumonia in adults, in order to know incidence, environmental and clinical characteristics and treatments of patients with this diagnosis during the last 9 years in Toledo. Material and methods. Twenty-one adult patients with the diagnosis of varicella pneumonia were studied, using the information of clinical histories and codified data. The backgrounds of pregnancy, smoking habit, concomitant diseases, previous contacts with another patients and the season of the year, were evaluated. Diagnosis was established by clinical and radiologic criteria in the course of varicella infection. Results. 21 patients (10 males and 11 females, between 25 and 73 years) were studied. 17 (81%) were smokers, in 15 (71.4%) there was documented contact with varicella infection and 4 (19%) were immunocompromised. In the first 3-7 days after the development of skin lesions (100%), there was fever in 20 cases (95.2%) and dyspnea in 14 (66.7%). There were 4 patients (33,3%) without respiratory symptoms and in 5 (23,8%) there was important hypoxemia. Evolution was satisfactory in 20 cases (95.2%); three others requiring admission to Intensive Care Unit. Chest X-ray revealed an interstitial pattern in 11 cases (52.4%), nodular in 4 (19%) and a mixed pattern in 5 (23.8%). 20 patients were treated with acyclovir and in one case with foscarnet. In 28.57% cases, corticosteroids were needed. Conclusions. We believe smoking habit could be a risk factor related to an increase of varicella pneumonia. A chest X-ray should be made in every patient, despite the symptoms. Adults with pneumonia have a better prognosis if acyclovir is started early in time. Concomitant treatment with corticosteroids should be used in those cases with respiratory insufficiency