RESUMO
The humoral arm of innate immunity includes diverse molecules with antibody-like functions, some of which serve as disease severity biomarkers in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present study was designed to conduct a systematic investigation of the interaction of human humoral fluid-phase pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Of 12 PRMs tested, the long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) bound the viral nucleocapsid and spike proteins, respectively. MBL bound trimeric spike protein, including that of variants of concern (VoC), in a glycan-dependent manner and inhibited SARS-CoV-2 in three in vitro models. Moreover, after binding to spike protein, MBL activated the lectin pathway of complement activation. Based on retention of glycosylation sites and modeling, MBL was predicted to recognize the Omicron VoC. Genetic polymorphisms at the MBL2 locus were associated with disease severity. These results suggest that selected humoral fluid-phase PRMs can play an important role in resistance to, and pathogenesis of, COVID-19, a finding with translational implications.
Assuntos
COVID-19/imunologia , Imunidade Humoral , Receptores de Reconhecimento de Padrão/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Animais , Proteína C-Reativa/imunologia , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , COVID-19/metabolismo , COVID-19/virologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Chlorocebus aethiops , Ativação do Complemento , Proteínas do Nucleocapsídeo de Coronavírus/genética , Proteínas do Nucleocapsídeo de Coronavírus/imunologia , Proteínas do Nucleocapsídeo de Coronavírus/metabolismo , Feminino , Glicosilação , Células HEK293 , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Humanos , Masculino , Lectina de Ligação a Manose/genética , Lectina de Ligação a Manose/imunologia , Lectina de Ligação a Manose/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Fosfoproteínas/imunologia , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Polimorfismo Genético , Ligação Proteica , Receptores de Reconhecimento de Padrão/genética , Receptores de Reconhecimento de Padrão/metabolismo , SARS-CoV-2/genética , SARS-CoV-2/metabolismo , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidade , Componente Amiloide P Sérico/imunologia , Componente Amiloide P Sérico/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/genética , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/imunologia , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/metabolismo , Células VeroRESUMO
Neutrophils are a component of the tumor microenvironment and have been predominantly associated with cancer progression. Using a genetic approach complemented by adoptive transfer, we found that neutrophils are essential for resistance against primary 3-methylcholantrene-induced carcinogenesis. Neutrophils were essential for the activation of an interferon-γ-dependent pathway of immune resistance, associated with polarization of a subset of CD4- CD8- unconventional αß T cells (UTCαß). Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses unveiled the innate-like features and diversity of UTCαß associated with neutrophil-dependent anti-sarcoma immunity. In selected human tumors, including undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, CSF3R expression, a neutrophil signature and neutrophil infiltration were associated with a type 1 immune response and better clinical outcome. Thus, neutrophils driving UTCαß polarization and type 1 immunity are essential for resistance against murine sarcomas and selected human tumors.
Assuntos
Resistência à Doença , Neoplasias/patologia , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Sarcoma/patologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Animais , Cromonas/toxicidade , Resistência à Doença/imunologia , Humanos , Imunidade Inata , Interferon gama/genética , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interleucina-12/genética , Interleucina-12/metabolismo , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Infiltração de Neutrófilos , Neutrófilos/citologia , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Receptores de Fator Estimulador de Colônias/metabolismo , Sarcoma/induzido quimicamente , Sarcoma/imunologia , Linfócitos T/citologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
Long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an essential component of humoral innate immunity, involved in resistance to selected pathogens and in the regulation of inflammation1-3. The present study was designed to assess the presence and significance of PTX3 in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)4-7. RNA-sequencing analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, single-cell bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemistry of lung autopsy samples revealed that myelomonocytic cells and endothelial cells express high levels of PTX3 in patients with COVID-19. Increased plasma concentrations of PTX3 were detected in 96 patients with COVID-19. PTX3 emerged as a strong independent predictor of 28-d mortality in multivariable analysis, better than conventional markers of inflammation, in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The prognostic significance of PTX3 abundance for mortality was confirmed in a second independent cohort (54 patients). Thus, circulating and lung myelomonocytic cells and endothelial cells are a major source of PTX3, and PTX3 plasma concentration can serve as an independent strong prognostic indicator of short-term mortality in COVID-19.
Assuntos
Proteína C-Reativa/genética , COVID-19/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Componente Amiloide P Sérico/genética , Células A549 , Adulto , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/virologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Células Cultivadas , Estudos de Coortes , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Epidemias , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Monócitos/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Prognóstico , SARS-CoV-2/fisiologia , Componente Amiloide P Sérico/metabolismoRESUMO
The innate immune system consists of a cellular and a humoral arm. Pentraxins (e.g., the short pentraxin C reactive protein and the long pentraxin PTX3) are key components of the humoral arm of innate immunity which also includes complement components, collectins, and ficolins. In response to microorganisms and tissue damage, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells are major sources of fluid-phase pattern-recognition molecules (PRMs) belonging to different molecular classes. Humoral PRMs in turn interact with and regulate cellular effectors. Effector mechanisms of the humoral innate immune system include activation and regulation of the complement cascade; agglutination and neutralization; facilitation of recognition via cellular receptors (opsonization); and regulation of inflammation. Thus, the humoral arm of innate immunity is an integrated system consisting of different molecules and sharing functional outputs with antibodies.
Assuntos
Proteína C-Reativa/imunologia , Imunidade Humoral , Imunidade Inata , Animais , Anticorpos/imunologia , Humanos , LigantesRESUMO
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a primary pro-inflammatory cytokine requiring tightly controlled negative regulation. In this issue of Immunity, Wang et al.,1 inspired by an IL-1 receptor missense mutation associated with unleashed IL-1-mediated inflammation, design a new drug to selectively inhibit IL-1.
Assuntos
Citocinas , Interleucina-1 , Humanos , Interleucina-1/genética , Inflamação/genéticaRESUMO
PTX3 is an essential component of the humoral arm of innate immunity, playing a nonredundant role in resistance against selected microbes and in the regulation of inflammation. PTX3 activates and regulates the Complement cascade by interacting with C1q and with Factor H. PTX3 deficiency was associated with increased susceptibility to mesenchymal and epithelial carcinogenesis. Increased susceptibility of Ptx3(-/-) mice was associated with enhanced macrophage infiltration, cytokine production, angiogenesis, and Trp53 mutations. Correlative evidence, gene-targeted mice, and pharmacological blocking experiments indicated that PTX3 deficiency resulted in amplification of Complement activation, CCL2 production, and tumor-promoting macrophage recruitment. PTX3 expression was epigenetically regulated in selected human tumors (e.g., leiomyosarcomas and colorectal cancer) by methylation of the promoter region and of a putative enhancer. Thus, PTX3, an effector molecule belonging to the humoral arm of innate immunity, acts as an extrinsic oncosuppressor gene in mouse and man by regulating Complement-dependent, macrophage-sustained, tumor-promoting inflammation.
Assuntos
Proteína C-Reativa/genética , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismo , Neoplasias/imunologia , Componente Amiloide P Sérico/genética , Componente Amiloide P Sérico/metabolismo , Animais , Proteínas do Sistema Complemento/metabolismo , Metilação de DNA , Genes p53 , Humanos , Camundongos , MutaçãoRESUMO
Forty years after its naming, interleukin-1 (IL-1) is experiencing a renaissance brought on by the growing understanding of its context-dependent roles and advances in the clinic. Recent studies have identified important roles for members of the IL-1 family-IL-18, IL-33, IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38-in inflammation and immunity. Here, we review the complex functions of IL-1 family members in the orchestration of innate and adaptive immune responses and their diversity and plasticity. We discuss the varied roles of IL-1 family members in immune homeostasis and their contribution to pathologies, including autoimmunity and auto-inflammation, dysmetabolism, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. The trans-disease therapeutic activity of anti-IL-1 strategies argues for immunity and inflammation as a metanarrative of modern medicine.
Assuntos
Imunidade Adaptativa/imunologia , Citocinas/fisiologia , Imunidade Inata/imunologia , Inflamação/imunologia , Interleucina-1/fisiologia , Animais , Doenças Cardiovasculares/imunologia , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/imunologia , Gastroenteropatias/imunologia , Hematopoese/imunologia , Humanos , Interleucina-1/imunologia , Linfócitos/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Família Multigênica , Neoplasias/imunologia , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/imunologia , Receptores de Citocinas/genética , Receptores de Citocinas/imunologiaRESUMO
Interleukin 37 (IL-37) and IL-1R8 (SIGIRR or TIR8) are anti-inflammatory orphan members of the IL-1 ligand family and IL-1 receptor family, respectively. Here we demonstrate formation and function of the endogenous ligand-receptor complex IL-37-IL-1R8-IL-18Rα. The tripartite complex assembled rapidly on the surface of peripheral blood mononuclear cells upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. Silencing of IL-1R8 or IL-18Rα impaired the anti-inflammatory activity of IL-37. Whereas mice with transgenic expression of IL-37 (IL-37tg mice) with intact IL-1R8 were protected from endotoxemia, IL-1R8-deficient IL-37tg mice were not. Proteomic and transcriptomic investigations revealed that IL-37 used IL-1R8 to harness the anti-inflammatory properties of the signaling molecules Mer, PTEN, STAT3 and p62(dok) and to inhibit the kinases Fyn and TAK1 and the transcription factor NF-κB, as well as mitogen-activated protein kinases. Furthermore, IL-37-IL-1R8 exerted a pseudo-starvational effect on the metabolic checkpoint kinase mTOR. IL-37 thus bound to IL-18Rα and exploited IL-1R8 to activate a multifaceted intracellular anti-inflammatory program.
Assuntos
Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-18/imunologia , Interleucina-1/imunologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Receptores de Interleucina-1/imunologia , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Imunidade Inata , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/imunologia , Inflamação/patologia , Interleucina-1/genética , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-18/antagonistas & inibidores , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-18/genética , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/patologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , MAP Quinase Quinase Quinases/genética , MAP Quinase Quinase Quinases/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , NF-kappa B/genética , NF-kappa B/imunologia , PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/genética , PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/imunologia , Ligação Proteica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/imunologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fyn/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fyn/imunologia , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , RNA Interferente Pequeno/imunologia , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/imunologia , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/genética , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/imunologia , Receptores de Interleucina-1/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Interleucina-1/deficiência , Receptores de Interleucina-1/genética , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/genética , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/imunologia , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/genética , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/imunologia , c-Mer Tirosina QuinaseRESUMO
Interleukin-1 receptor family members (ILRs) and Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) play pivotal role in immunity and inflammation and are expressed by most cell types including cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system. In this context, IL-1 superfamily members are also important players in regulating function and differentiation of adaptive and innate lymphoid cells. This system is tightly regulated in order to avoid uncontrolled activation, which may lead to detrimental inflammation contributing to autoimmune or allergic responses. IL-1R8 (also known as TIR8 or SIGIRR) is a member of the IL-1R family that acts as a negative regulator dampening ILR and TLR signaling and as a co-receptor for human IL-37. Human and mouse NK cells, that are key players in immune surveillance of tumors and infections, express high level of IL-1R8. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding on the structure, expression and function of IL-1R8 and we will also discuss the emerging role of IL-1R8 as an important checkpoint regulating NK cells function in pathological conditions including cancer and viral infections.
Assuntos
Imunidade Inata , Neoplasias , Animais , Humanos , Inflamação , Células Matadoras Naturais , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Receptores de Interleucina-1/metabolismoRESUMO
Cancer-related inflammation plays a central role in the establishment of tumor-promoting mechanisms. Tumor-associated myeloid cells, which engage in complex interactions with cancer cells, as well as stromal and tumor immune infiltrating cells, promote cancer cell proliferation and survival, angiogenesis, and the generation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. The complement system is one of the inflammatory mechanisms activated in the tumor microenvironment. Beside exerting anti-tumor mechanisms such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity and phagocytosis induced by therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, the complement system may promote immunosuppression and tumor growth and invasiveness, in particular, through the anaphylatoxins which target both leukocytes and cancer cells. In this review, we will discuss complement-mediated mechanisms acting on leukocytes, in particular on cells of the myelomonocytic cell lineage (macrophages, neutrophils, myeloid derived suppressor cells), which promote myeloid cell recruitment and functional skewing, leading to immunosuppression and resistance to tumor-specific immunity. Pre-clinical studies, which have elucidated the role of complement in activating pro-tumor mechanisms in myeloid cells, showing the relevance of these mechanisms in human, and therapeutic approaches based on complement targeting support the hypothesis that complement directly and indirectly interferes with many of the effector pathways associated with the cancer-immunity cycle, suggesting the relevance of complement targeting to improve responses to immunotherapeutic approaches.
Assuntos
Neoplasias , Humanos , Células Mieloides , Microambiente Tumoral , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Ativação do Complemento , Proteínas do Sistema Complemento/metabolismo , ImunoterapiaRESUMO
Innate immunity includes a cellular and a humoral arm. PTX3 is a fluid-phase pattern recognition molecule conserved in evolution which acts as a key component of humoral innate immunity in infections of fungal, bacterial, and viral origin. PTX3 binds conserved microbial structures and self-components under conditions of inflammation and activates effector functions (complement, phagocytosis). Moreover, it has a complex regulatory role in inflammation, such as ischemia/reperfusion injury and cancer-related inflammation, as well as in extracellular matrix organization and remodeling, with profound implications in physiology and pathology. Finally, PTX3 acts as an extrinsic oncosuppressor gene by taming tumor-promoting inflammation in murine and selected human tumors. Thus evidence suggests that PTX3 is a key homeostatic component at the crossroad of innate immunity, inflammation, tissue repair, and cancer. Dissecting the complexity of PTX3 pathophysiology and human genetics paves the way to diagnostic and therapeutic exploitation.
Assuntos
Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Imunidade Inata/imunologia , Inflamação/imunologia , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Componente Amiloide P Sérico/metabolismo , Cicatrização/imunologia , Animais , Humanos , Imunidade Humoral/imunologia , Neoplasias/imunologiaRESUMO
In the last years, the hypothesis that elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental diseases has gained popularity. IL-1 is one of the main cytokines found to be elevated in Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by defects in social communication and cognitive impairments. In this study, we demonstrate that mice lacking IL-1 signaling display autistic-like defects associated with an excessive number of synapses. We also show that microglia lacking IL-1 signaling at early neurodevelopmental stages are unable to properly perform the process of synapse engulfment and display excessive activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Notably, even the acute inhibition of IL-1R1 by IL-1Ra is sufficient to enhance mTOR signaling and reduce synaptosome phagocytosis in WT microglia. Finally, we demonstrate that rapamycin treatment rescues the defects in IL-1R deficient mice. These data unveil an exclusive role of microglial IL-1 in synapse refinement via mTOR signaling and indicate a novel mechanism possibly involved in neurodevelopmental disorders associated with defects in the IL-1 pathway.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Transtorno Autístico , Animais , Camundongos , Microglia , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR , Citocinas , Sirolimo/farmacologia , Sinapses , Interleucina-1 , MamíferosRESUMO
Control of synapse number and function in the developing central nervous system is critical to the formation of neural circuits. Astrocytes play a key role in this process by releasing factors that promote the formation of excitatory synapses. Astrocyte-secreted thrombospondins (TSPs) induce the formation of structural synapses, which however remain post-synaptically silent, suggesting that completion of early synaptogenesis may require a two-step mechanism. Here, we show that the humoral innate immune molecule Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is expressed in the developing rodent brain. PTX3 plays a key role in promoting functionally-active CNS synapses, by increasing the surface levels and synaptic clustering of AMPA glutamate receptors. This process involves tumor necrosis factor-induced protein 6 (TSG6), remodeling of the perineuronal network, and a ß1-integrin/ERK pathway. Furthermore, PTX3 activity is regulated by TSP1, which directly interacts with the N-terminal region of PTX3. These data unveil a fundamental role of PTX3 in promoting the first wave of synaptogenesis, and show that interplay of TSP1 and PTX3 sets the proper balance between synaptic growth and synapse function in the developing brain.
Assuntos
Proteína C-Reativa/fisiologia , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Integrina beta1/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/fisiologia , Receptores de AMPA/metabolismo , Sinapses/fisiologia , Animais , Astrócitos/metabolismo , Encéfalo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Proteína C-Reativa/genética , Células CHO , Células Cultivadas , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Matriz Extracelular/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Plasticidade Neuronal/genética , Transporte Proteico/genética , Trombospondina 1/metabolismoRESUMO
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) of the ILC22 type protect the intestinal mucosa from infection by secreting interleukin 22 (IL-22). ILC22 cells include NKp46(+) and lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi)-like subsets that express the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Here we found that Ahr(-/-) mice had a considerable deficit in ILC22 cells that resulted in less secretion of IL-22 and inadequate protection against intestinal bacterial infection. Ahr(-/-) mice also lacked postnatally 'imprinted' cryptopatches and isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs), but not embryonically 'imprinted' Peyer's patches. AHR induced the transcription factor Notch, which was required for NKp46(+) ILCs, whereas LTi-like ILCs, cryptopatches and ILFs were partially dependent on Notch signaling. Thus, AHR was essential for ILC22 cells and postnatal intestinal lymphoid tissues. Moreover, ILC22 subsets were heterogeneous in their requirement for Notch and their effect on the generation of intestinal lymphoid tissues.
Assuntos
Receptor Notch1/metabolismo , Receptor Notch2/metabolismo , Receptores de Hidrocarboneto Arílico/metabolismo , Animais , Antígenos Ly/metabolismo , Feminino , Trato Gastrointestinal/imunologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Interleucinas/genética , Interleucinas/imunologia , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Tecido Linfoide/imunologia , Tecido Linfoide/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Receptor 1 Desencadeador da Citotoxicidade Natural/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Interleucina 22RESUMO
Immunity in the urinary tract has distinct and poorly understood pathophysiological characteristics and urinary tract infections (UTIs) are important causes of morbidity and mortality. We investigated the role of the soluble pattern recognition molecule pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a key component of the humoral arm of innate immunity, in UTIs. PTX3-deficient mice showed defective control of UTIs and exacerbated inflammation. Expression of PTX3 was induced in uroepithelial cells by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)- and MyD88-dependent manner. PTX3 enhanced UPEC phagocytosis and phagosome maturation by neutrophils. PTX3 was detected in urine of UTI patients and amounts correlated with disease severity. In cohorts of UTI-prone patients, PTX3 gene polymorphisms correlated with susceptibility to acute pyelonephritis and cystitis. These results suggest that PTX3 is an essential component of innate resistance against UTIs. Thus, the cellular and humoral arms of innate immunity exert complementary functions in mediating resistance against UTIs.
Assuntos
Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Infecções por Escherichia coli/imunologia , Escherichia coli/imunologia , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Pielonefrite/imunologia , Receptores de Reconhecimento de Padrão/metabolismo , Componente Amiloide P Sérico/metabolismo , Infecções Urinárias/imunologia , Animais , Proteína C-Reativa/genética , Linhagem Celular , Criança , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Infecções por Escherichia coli/complicações , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Imunidade Inata , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/genética , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/microbiologia , Fagocitose , Polimorfismo Genético , Pielonefrite/etiologia , Receptores de Reconhecimento de Padrão/genética , Componente Amiloide P Sérico/genética , Suécia , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Infecções Urinárias/complicaçõesRESUMO
SIGIRR has been described as a negative regulator of several IL-1R/TLR family members and has been implicated in several inflammatory disease conditions. However, it is unknown whether it can suppress IL-36 family cytokines, which are members of the broader IL-1 superfamily that have emerged as critical orchestrators of psoriatic inflammation in both humans and mice. In this study, we demonstrate that SIGIRR is downregulated in psoriatic lesions in humans and mice, and this correlates with increased expression of IL-36 family cytokines. Using Sigirr -/- mice, we identify, for the first time (to our knowledge), SIGIRR as a negative regulator of IL-36 responses in the skin. Mechanistically, we identify dendritic cells and keratinocytes as the primary cell subsets in which IL-36 proinflammatory responses are regulated by SIGIRR. Both cell types displayed elevated IL-36 responsiveness in absence of SIGIRR activity, characterized by enhanced expression of neutrophil chemoattractants, leading to increased neutrophil infiltration to the inflamed skin. Blockade of IL-36R signaling ameliorated exacerbated psoriasiform inflammation in Sigirr -/- mice and inhibited neutrophil infiltration. These data identify SIGIRR activity as an important regulatory node in suppressing IL-36-dependent psoriatic inflammation in humans and mice.
Assuntos
Inflamação/metabolismo , Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Infiltração de Neutrófilos/fisiologia , Receptores de Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Pele/metabolismo , Animais , Citocinas/metabolismo , Regulação para Baixo/fisiologia , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Psoríase/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologiaRESUMO
Interleukin-1 receptor 8 (IL-1R8, also known as single immunoglobulin IL-1R-related receptor, SIGIRR, or TIR8) is a member of the IL-1 receptor (ILR) family with distinct structural and functional characteristics, acting as a negative regulator of ILR and Toll-like receptor (TLR) downstream signalling pathways and inflammation. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells which mediate resistance against pathogens and contribute to the activation and orientation of adaptive immune responses. NK cells mediate resistance against haematopoietic neoplasms but are generally considered to play a minor role in solid tumour carcinogenesis. Here we report that IL-1R8 serves as a checkpoint for NK cell maturation and effector function. Its genetic blockade unleashes NK-cell-mediated resistance to hepatic carcinogenesis, haematogenous liver and lung metastasis, and cytomegalovirus infection.
Assuntos
Células Matadoras Naturais/citologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/imunologia , Muromegalovirus/imunologia , Receptores de Interleucina-1/imunologia , Animais , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Feminino , Infecções por Herpesviridae/genética , Infecções por Herpesviridae/imunologia , Humanos , Células Matadoras Naturais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Ativação Linfocitária/genética , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Metástase Neoplásica/genética , Metástase Neoplásica/imunologia , Receptores de Interleucina-1/genéticaRESUMO
Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM) is a brain vascular disease with various neurological symptoms. In this study, we describe the inflammatory profile in CCM and show for the first time the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in rodents and humans with CCM. Through RNA-seq analysis of cerebellum endothelial cells from wild-type mice and mice with an endothelial cell-specific ablation of the Ccm3 gene (Ccm3iECKO), we show that endothelial cells from Ccm3iECKO mice have an increased expression of inflammation-related genes. These genes encode proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as adhesion molecules, which promote recruitment of inflammatory and immune cells. Similarly, immunoassays showed elevated levels of these cytokines and chemokines in the cerebellum of the Ccm3iECKO mice. Consistently, both flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis showed infiltration of different subsets of leukocytes into the CCM lesions. Neutrophils, which are known to fight against infection through different strategies, including the formation of NETs, represented the leukocyte subset within the most pronounced increase in CCM. Here, we detected elevated levels of NETs in the blood and the deposition of NETs in the cerebral cavernomas of Ccm3iECKO mice. Degradation of NETs by DNase I treatment improved the vascular barrier. The deposition of NETs in the cavernomas of patients with CCM confirms the clinical relevance of NETs in CCM.
Assuntos
Armadilhas Extracelulares , Hemangioma Cavernoso do Sistema Nervoso Central , Animais , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/genética , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Armadilhas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Hemangioma Cavernoso do Sistema Nervoso Central/genética , Hemangioma Cavernoso do Sistema Nervoso Central/metabolismo , Hemangioma Cavernoso do Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Humanos , Inflamação/patologia , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , CamundongosRESUMO
Rationale: Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of granulomas in response to persistent stimuli. The long pentraxin PTX3 (pentraxin 3) has emerged as a component of humoral innate immunity with essential functions in the resolution of inflammation, but its role during granuloma formation is unknown. Objectives: To evaluate PTX3 as a modulator of pathogenic signals involved in granuloma formation and inflammation in sarcoidosis. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from patients with sarcoidosis harboring loss-of-function genetic variants and gene-deleted mice were used to assess the role of PTX3 in experimental models of granuloma formation in vitro and in vivo. The identified mechanisms of granulomatous inflammation were further evaluated in tissue and BAL samples and correlated with the disease course. Measurements and Main Results: We have identified a molecular link between PTX3 deficiency and the pathogenic amplification of complement activation to promote granuloma formation. Mechanistically, PTX3 deficiency licensed the complement component C5a-mediated activation of the metabolic checkpoint kinase mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) and the reprogramming of macrophages toward increased glycolysis to foster their proliferation and aggregation. This process sustained the further recruitment of granuloma-promoting immune cells and the associated proinflammatory microenvironment and influenced the clinical course of the disease. Conclusions: Our results identify PTX3 as a pivotal molecule that regulates complement-mediated signaling cues in macrophages to restrain granulomatous inflammation and highlight the therapeutic potential of this signaling axis in targeting granuloma formation in sarcoidosis.