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1.
Reprod Domest Anim ; 53(3): 655-666, 2018 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29566290

RESUMO

The breeding of South American camelids is the main economic activity of the high Andean region of South America and it, is potentially, the most profitable resource in of the Puna environmental conditions of the Puna. The duration of the gestation in alpaca is 339.7 ± 12 days. The objective of the present work was to macroscopically and microscopically describe the ontogenic development of the splanchnic cavities of the alpaca and to determine the gestational time in which the post-cranial ossification centers are observed in the embryos/fetuses of this species, from day 21 to 107 of gestation. The documentation of normal ontogenic development, which is vacant for this period, is of the utmost importance to understand the consequences of the alterations at the different gestational times, as well as for the estimation of the gestational age in the case of abortions. Forty-seven alpaca specimens of both sexes, at different times of their gestational development, collected during slaughter at local slaughterhouses of the Department of Huancavelica, Peru, were evaluated. Specimens were assigned to seven groups according to their morphological characteristics. The embryogenesis in the alpaca was characterized by a series of changes comparable to those occurring in other mammals with similar gestational periods. Despite these similarities, species differences were found in some organs as stomach, which are observed too in adult individuals.


Assuntos
Camelídeos Americanos/embriologia , Embrião de Mamíferos/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Masculino , Osteogênese , Gravidez , Estômago/embriologia
2.
Osteoporos Int ; 26(8): 2193-202, 2015 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25963234

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: This manuscript describes the role of low vitamin D in bone metabolism of Klinefelter subjects. Low vitamin D is frequent in this condition and seems to be more important than testosterone in inducing low bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis. Supplementation with vitamin D restores BMD after 2 years of treatment, whereas testosterone alone seems to be ineffective. INTRODUCTION: Decreased bone mineral density (BMD) in Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is frequent, and it has been traditionally related to low testosterone (T) levels. However, low BMD can be observed also in patients with normal T levels and T replacement therapy does not necessarily increase bone mass in these patients. Nothing is known about vitamin D levels and supplementation in KS. In this study, we determine vitamin D status and bone mass in KS subjects and compare the efficacy of T therapy and vitamin D supplementation on BMD. METHODS: A total of 127 non-mosaic KS patients and 60 age-matched male controls were evaluated with reproductive hormones, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, PTH, and bone densitometry by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Patients with hypogonadism and/or 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency were treated with T-gel 2% and/or calcifediol and re-evaluated after 24 months of treatment. RESULTS: 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were significantly lower in KS patients with respect to controls, and they had significantly lower lumbar and femoral BMD. The percentage of osteopenia/osteoporosis in subjects with 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency was higher with respect to subjects with normal 25-hydroxyvitamin D and was not related to the presence/absence of low T levels. Subjects treated with calcifediol or T + calcifediol had a significant increase in lumbar BMD after treatment. No difference was found in T-treated group. CONCLUSIONS: These data highlight that low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels seem to have a more critical role than low T levels in inducing low BMD in KS subjects. Furthermore, vitamin D supplementation seems to be more effective than T replacement therapy alone in increasing BMD.


Assuntos
Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Calcifediol/uso terapêutico , Síndrome de Klinefelter/complicações , Osteoporose/etiologia , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Antropometria/métodos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Calcifediol/farmacologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Colo do Fêmur/fisiopatologia , Terapia de Reposição Hormonal/métodos , Humanos , Síndrome de Klinefelter/sangue , Síndrome de Klinefelter/fisiopatologia , Vértebras Lombares/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoporose/sangue , Osteoporose/tratamento farmacológico , Osteoporose/fisiopatologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Testosterona/sangue , Testosterona/farmacologia , Testosterona/uso terapêutico , Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Deficiência de Vitamina D/tratamento farmacológico , Deficiência de Vitamina D/fisiopatologia , Adulto Jovem
3.
J Biol Regul Homeost Agents ; 28(2): 237-49, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25001656

RESUMO

Low birth weight and length for gestational age are associated with a high risk of short stature and metabolic syndrome in adulthood. The mechanisms that link prenatal growth to adult stature and metabolic syndrome have not yet been entirely clarified. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between standardized anthropometric measures at birth and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, insulin, adiponectin, and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) cord blood levels in the general population. One hundred fifty-eight random newborn subjects (77F, 81M) from Genoa, Italy, were analyzed. Anthropometric parameters were measured and standardized according to standard Italian tables. Insulin values were treated as categorical, since in several cases the results fell below detection cut-off. Mean birth weight was 3,214.23∓488.99 gr and mean length was 49.82∓2.17 cm. Females had higher mean IGF-I (p=0.04), and were more likely to have insulin values either <2 μU/ml or >4.5μU/ml (p= 0.04) compared to males. Weight and length SD scores (SDS) were higher in subjects with elevated insulin levels (p=0.002). A moderate correlation was found between weight and IGF-II (r=0.354). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that standardized birth weight was associated with IGFII and insulin values. Our data highlight the importance of IGF-II in fetal growth and suggest that gender differences should be taken into consideration when evaluating prenatal growth.


Assuntos
Peso ao Nascer , Estatura , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/sangue , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/sangue , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Fatores de Risco
4.
J Control Release ; 332: 312-336, 2021 04 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33652113

RESUMO

Polymeric micelles, i.e. aggregation colloids formed in solution by self-assembling of amphiphilic polymers, represent an innovative tool to overcome several issues related to drug administration, from the low water-solubility to the poor drug permeability across biological barriers. With respect to other nanocarriers, polymeric micelles generally display smaller size, easier preparation and sterilization processes, and good solubilization properties, unfortunately associated with a lower stability in biological fluids and a more complicated characterization. Particularly challenging is the study of their interaction with the biological environment, essential to predict the real in vivo behavior after administration. In this review, after a general presentation on micelles features and properties, different characterization techniques are discussed, from the ones used for the determination of micelles basic characteristics (critical micellar concentration, size, surface charge, morphology) to the more complex approaches used to figure out micelles kinetic stability, drug release and behavior in the presence of biological substrates (fluids, cells and tissues). The techniques presented (such as dynamic light scattering, AFM, cryo-TEM, X-ray scattering, FRET, symmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) and density ultracentrifugation), each one with their own advantages and limitations, can be combined to achieve a deeper comprehension of polymeric micelles in vivo behavior. The set-up and validation of adequate methods for micelles description represent the essential starting point for their development and clinical success.


Assuntos
Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Micelas , Coloides , Portadores de Fármacos , Polímeros , Solubilidade
5.
Tissue Cell ; 71: 101589, 2021 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34274592

RESUMO

The liver has multiple functions that change throughout ontogeny. South American camelids (SAC) have unique characteristics related to adaptation to extreme environments and metabolism. However, the process of hepatic cell differentiation has not been studied in any SAC. We study the patterns of cell differentiation and proliferation in the liver of the alpaca at different times of the ontogeny, excluding the hematopoietic components. Immunohistochemical techniques were performed in 66 specimens, including embryos, fetuses, neonates and adults. Supplementary analyses were performed by lectinhistochemistry. The hepatocytic differentiation was performed by the identification of Hepatocyte (Clone: ​​OCH1ES Dako®). It began in the specimens of 1.8-2.5 cm of crown to rump length (CRL), from Days 25-29 (ovulation = Day 0), continued during gestation and intensified towards its end. The cholangiocytic differentiation was performed by the identification of cytokeratin 7 (CK7, Dako®). It was manifested at the final of gestation (specimens of 28.4 cm CRL, from Day 223 onwards). Parenchymal cells underwent a process of gradual differentiation (differentiation of hepatocytes preceded that of cholangiocytes). Cell proliferation was observed along gestation using the nuclear proliferation antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67. Hepatic organogenesis in the alpacas shares similar differentiation and proliferation mechanisms with other altricial, but phylogenetically distant, species.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Diferenciação/metabolismo , Camelídeos Americanos/embriologia , Diferenciação Celular , Proliferação de Células , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Fígado/embriologia , Animais , Feminino , Masculino
6.
J Endocrinol Invest ; 33(7): 478-82, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20101099

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is associated with bone morbidity. We investigated bone status with quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in pediatric patients with hematological diseases prior to and up to 3 yr following BMT. METHODS: Phalangeal QUS measures for amplitude- dependent speed of sound (Ad-SoS) and bone transmission time (BTT) were obtained in 40 hematological patients (25 with malignant, 15 with non-malignant disease; 9.7+/-4.9 yr) before BMT and 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after BMT. Bone parameters were expressed as Z-scores based on age-sex-matched normal controls. RESULTS: Mean Ad-SoS and BTT Z-scores were normal before BMT and reduced at 36 months (analysis of variance: p=0.0542 and p=0.0233). Ad-SoS and BTT Z-scores remained relatively stable in the first 6 months after BMT and then progressively decreased reaching a plateau at 12-36 months. In non-malignant patients, BTT Z-score decreased at 6-12 months (p=0.029) and subsequently increased, while in malignant patients BTT Z-score showed a decrease at 12-24 months. Pre-pubertal subjects displayed a drop of BTT Z-Score values at both 12 (p=0.023) and 36 months after BMT (p=0.049), while BTT Z-score remained relatively unchanged in pubertal subjects. Early impairment of BTT Z-score was found in patients who suffered acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) compared to patients without this clinical condition; BTT Z-score was lower at 36 months (p=0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal assessment by QUS of pediatric BMT survivors evidenced that bone status is mildly affected up to 36 months after BMT, mainly in malignant patients, in pre-pubertal subjects at BMT and in patients who suffered acute GVHD.


Assuntos
Transplante de Medula Óssea/efeitos adversos , Osso e Ossos/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Hematológicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Densidade Óssea , Transplante de Medula Óssea/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Falanges dos Dedos da Mão/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/patologia , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Puberdade , Ultrassonografia , Adulto Jovem
7.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ; 24(17): 9094-9103, 2020 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32964999

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is progressive bone destruction in the maxillofacial region of patients under current or previous treatment with Bisphosphonates. The present case series study aimed to evaluate if ozone/oxygen therapy and debridement with piezoelectric surgery may improve the treatment of BRONJ. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The treatment modality of the patients included ozone/oxygen mixture from medical oxygen. The protocol for ozone/oxygen mixture therapy appointments was set as twice a week for 10 weeks, for a total of 20 applications for each patient. The evaluation of the lesions was based on the clinical and radiologic parameters. The primary outcome was the necrotic lesion reduction during ozone/oxygen therapy sessions and up to the end of follow up periods. The healing of the lesion was taken as a positive result. The level of significance was taken as p <0.05. RESULTS: A total of 14 patients affected by osteonecrosis were included. The mean follow-up of the patients was 14.3 months. The overall success rate after treatment was 64.2%. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, ozone/oxygen therapy and debridement with Piezoelectric surgery for BRONJ treatment is a safe procedure with successful outcomes.


Assuntos
Osteonecrose da Arcada Osseodentária Associada a Difosfonatos/terapia , Desbridamento , Oxigênio/uso terapêutico , Ozônio/uso terapêutico , Piezocirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Osteonecrose da Arcada Osseodentária Associada a Difosfonatos/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento
8.
Andrology ; 7(2): 251-256, 2019 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30659775

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Copy number variations (CNVs) play an important role in the onset of several diseases, and recently research focused on the relationship between these structural variants and diseases of the reproductive tract, including male infertility and cryptorchidism. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the contribution of copy number variations of E2F1 gene to idiopathic male infertility and the factors influencing expression of this gene. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study on 540 subjects recruited from September 2014 to February 2015. TaqMan CNV assay was used to analyze E2F1 CNV. Real-time PCR was used to assess E2F1 and HSP70 expression level in heat stressed and transfected cells with three E2F1 copies. RESULTS: We found a significant difference in the frequency of altered E2F1 copies in patients (12/343, 3.5%) compared with controls (0/197) (p = 0.005). Six patients with E2F1 CNV had history of cryptorchidism, but the prevalence between men with idiopathic infertility (6/243, 2.5%) and infertile men with history of cryptorchidism (6/100, 6.0%) was not statistically different (p = 0.1). E2F1 expression increased under heat stress conditions, especially in cells carrying more copies of gene and this was associated with increased expression of HSP70. DISCUSSION: Our data suggest that an abnormal E2F1 expression caused by multiple copies of E2F1 gene predisposes to the onset of infertility and that the risk further increases if subjects with altered E2F1 copies have stressful conditions, such as heat stress or history of cryptorchidism. CONCLUSION: This study shows a link between E2F1 CNV and male infertility, suggesting that the increased risk of spermatogenic impairment associated with higher E2F1 copies might be due to higher susceptibility to stressful conditions.


Assuntos
Criptorquidismo/complicações , Fator de Transcrição E2F1/genética , Infertilidade Masculina/genética , Adulto , Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/fisiologia , Humanos , Infertilidade Masculina/complicações , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espermatozoides/metabolismo , Espermatozoides/patologia
10.
Andrology ; 5(2): 268-273, 2017 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28125168

RESUMO

The association between inflammation of the male reproductive system and oligozoospermia has been frequently reported in the clinical work-up of male infertility. To improve sperm parameters in infertile patients with genital inflammation, many phytochemical and nutraceutical drugs are currently being used. However, their use is still empirical and no conclusive data have been provided about their efficacy. The treatment with steroid anti-inflammatory drugs might be useful in reducing inflammation and improving sperm parameters, thus increasing the fertility outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate if glucocorticoid treatment improves seminal parameters in infertile oligozoospermic patients presenting signs of accessory gland inflammation at genital ultrasound. A total of 90 infertile patients were enrolled in the study. They presented normal testicular volume, normal FSH plasma levels, the presence of various degrees of oligozoospermia, associated with scrotal and trans-rectal ultrasound signs indicative of accessory gland inflammation, but negative microbiological analysis on semen and/or prostatic secretions. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups of treatment, receiving, respectively, 5, 12.5, and 25 mg daily oral Prednisone for one month. Seminal parameters were evaluated at admission and after treatment. In patients undergoing Prednisone treatment at a daily dose of 5 mg we observed a significant increase in total sperm count. At a daily dose of 12.5 mg, Prednisone treatment improved sperm concentration, total sperm count, and the percentage of sperm motility. Twenty-five mg of Prednisone led to significant improvement in all the sperm parameters, except for semen volume. These results clearly demonstrate that Prednisone treatment can significantly improve sperm parameters in a selected population of oligozoospermic patients. These findings suggest that Prednisone treatment should be considered in idiopathic oligozoospermic patients with supposed normal spermatogenesis and accessory gland inflammatory alterations, in order to improve sperm parameters and fertility outcome.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Infertilidade Masculina/dietoterapia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Oligospermia/tratamento farmacológico , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Infertilidade Masculina/diagnóstico por imagem , Inflamação/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oligospermia/diagnóstico por imagem , Prednisona/administração & dosagem , Análise do Sêmen , Contagem de Espermatozoides , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
11.
Anat Histol Embryol ; 45(3): 173-83, 2016 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25981447

RESUMO

South American camelids have several biological, morphological and behavioural adaptations that allow them to live in geographical areas dominated by high altitudes. The liver has hematopoietic functions during the prenatal life, which could be modified in response to the unfavorable habitat. However, there are no previous data on the prenatal development of the liver in these species. In the present work, a study on the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the liver of the alpaca during ontogeny was performed. Forty-one animals ranging in age from 20 days of embryonic development to adults were studied. Macroscopic and microscopic observations were performed on samples subjected to different techniques. Less than 7-g specimens were studied with stereoscopic magnifying glass. The general characteristics of the prenatal liver are similar to those of other mammals, and the structures related to hematopoietic function follow an ontogenic pattern similar to that of previously studied precocial species. However, there are differences in morphology when compared to descriptions for the Old World camelids, including the absence of relation between the caudate lobe and the right kidney and the lack of interlobular connective tissue.


Assuntos
Camelídeos Americanos/embriologia , Fígado/anatomia & histologia , Fígado/embriologia , Microscopia/veterinária , Animais , Camelídeos Americanos/anatomia & histologia , Embrião de Mamíferos/anatomia & histologia , Rim/anatomia & histologia
12.
J Chemother ; 17(3): 264-9, 2005 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16038519

RESUMO

Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains (n=20), responsible of blood stream infections, were consecutively isolated from patients hospitalized in two different wards at high risk of infection. Strains displayed high rate of resistance to oxacillin (90%). All strains but two with decreased susceptibility (MIC = 4 microg/mL), were sensitive to vancomycin. Ten strains were resistant to teicoplanin. Among the strains susceptible to glycopeptides, three displayed heteroresistance to vancomycin and seven to teicoplanin, when tested by Etest technique with 2 x McFarland inoculum. Biochemical reactions allowed to assign strains to eight biotypes, with 11 strains clustering under two main biotype A and biotype B. Pulsed-field-gel-electrophoresis (PFGE) identified 11 different PFGE-types. Seven strains grouping under the major PFGE-type 1 and three strains clustering in PFGE-type 2, closely correlated to biotype A and biotype B respectively. Seven teicoplanin-resistant isolates clustered in the PFGE-type 1, two in the PFGE-type 2 and one in PFGE-type 5. Therefore, teicoplanin-resistant strains were biochemically and genetically related and clonally distributed, despite different clones of S. haemolyticus circulated in the units during the study period.


Assuntos
Bacteriemia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/fisiopatologia , Staphylococcus haemolyticus/genética , Staphylococcus haemolyticus/patogenicidade , Adulto , Idoso , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Cuidados Críticos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Feminino , Humanos , Pacientes Internados , Itália , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Staphylococcus haemolyticus/isolamento & purificação , Teicoplanina/farmacologia
13.
Clin Microbiol Infect ; 21(5): 493.e1-4, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25698658

RESUMO

The alterations occurring in the intestinal flora during Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) may promote the translocation of Candida to the blood and the development of candidaemia. The aim of our study was to analyse clinical findings of these patients to determine the risk factors associated with the development of candidaemia subsequent to CDI. We compared 35 patients with candidaemia subsequent to CDI with 105 patients with CDI. Patients with candidaemia showed more severe infections and higher mortality. The ribotype 027 strain and vancomycin treatment at ≥ 1000 mg/day were prevalent in patients developing candidaemia. CDI may predispose to the translocation of Candida.


Assuntos
Candidemia/epidemiologia , Clostridioides difficile/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Clostridium/complicações , Enterocolite/complicações , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Candidemia/tratamento farmacológico , Candidemia/mortalidade , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Clostridioides difficile/classificação , Clostridioides difficile/genética , Infecções por Clostridium/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Clostridium/microbiologia , Enterocolite/tratamento farmacológico , Enterocolite/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ribotipagem , Fatores de Risco , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Vancomicina/administração & dosagem
14.
Am J Med Genet ; 57(3): 476-8, 1995 Jul 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7677154

RESUMO

We report on the clinical and molecular characterization of 3 sibs with X-linked ichthyosis and variable expression of Kallmann syndrome. One of the affected brothers had mild hyposmia and showed normal pubertal progression. However, we demonstrated the same partial deletion of the X-linked Kallmann gene, sparing the first exon in the mildly affected patient as well as in one of his severely affected brothers.


Assuntos
Deleção de Genes , Hipogonadismo/genética , Síndrome de Kallmann/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Sequência de Bases , Criança , Primers do DNA , Éxons , Ligação Genética , Humanos , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Núcleo Familiar , Fenótipo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Cromossomo X
15.
J Med Microbiol ; 49(3): 253-260, 2000 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10707945

RESUMO

Murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) MT1F and ARM1-4, recognising proteins on the surface of untreated Escherichia coli O6:K-, protected 100% of mice challenged intraperitoneally with 2 x LD50 of the same strain. MAb MT1F protected 70% of animals challenged with 2 x LD50 of E. coli O111:B4, whereas ARM1-4 gave complete protection. Lower survival was observed in mice given either MAb and challenged with E. coli O128:K-, with values ranging from 30 to 42%. However, the protection afforded against E. coli O111:B4 and E. coli O128:K- was significantly improved when the mice were pre-treated with a mixture of the two MAbs. Control mice, pre-treated with unrelated ascitic fluid and challenged with any of the E. coli serotypes, showed 100% mortality and organ histological lesions resembling those of the early stages of septic shock. The mice had high levels of circulating endotoxin and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) at 90 min after challenge. In contrast, mice treated with MAbs and surviving the infection displayed moderate histological lesions, enhanced bacterial clearance and lower serum levels of TNF-alpha, despite circulating endotoxin levels that were higher than in the control group. Protection by the MAbs was probably due to the prevention of the bacterial spread to organs and of the cascade of events leading to septic shock. This occurred in spite of the presence of high levels of circulating endotoxin.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/prevenção & controle , Escherichia coli/imunologia , Imunização Passiva , Animais , Encéfalo/patologia , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Feminino , Fígado/microbiologia , Fígado/patologia , Pulmão/microbiologia , Pulmão/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Baço/patologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/análise
16.
J Neurol ; 225(3): 197-206, 1981.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6167685

RESUMO

A 72-year-old woman, previously in good health, suffered for 2 years from attacks of a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome lasting from 2 days to 4 weeks. These episodes, which were followed by intervals of nearly complete recovery, were usually marked by fever, headache, mental confusion, vomiting ataxia, anisocoria, epileptic seizures and stiffness of the neck. Neuroradiological investigation revealed only slight ventricular dilatation. In 13 CSF examinations, there was reduced glucose, increased protein, considerable rise of the IgG index and constant oligoclonal bands. There was also an increase of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, lymphocytes or epithelial-like cells. As all microbial, viral or mycotic tests were negative and the patient recovered, the case was considered to be benign recurrent meningitis of Mollaret. The nosological position of this rare disease, as well as its probable pathogenetic mechanisms, are discussed.


Assuntos
Meningite Asséptica/diagnóstico , Meningite/diagnóstico , Idoso , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/citologia , Epilepsia/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Meningite Asséptica/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Transtornos Neurocognitivos/diagnóstico , Recidiva , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
17.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol ; 34(1-2): 181-7, 1992 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1441226

RESUMO

C3 was detected bound in vivo to the opaque cornea of horses inoculated with killed Leptospira interrogans. Employing epithelial corneal cells isolated from a monolayer in tissue culture, we proved that C3 is fixed in vitro to the intact cell surface after incubation with a fresh equine anti-Leptospira serum. These findings, in addition to the infiltration of cornea with neutrophils and lymphocytes, may explain the mechanisms of tissue damage in recurrent uveitis of horses with leptospirosis.


Assuntos
Complemento C3/imunologia , Córnea/imunologia , Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/imunologia , Leptospira interrogans/imunologia , Leptospirose/veterinária , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Testes de Fixação de Complemento/veterinária , Córnea/microbiologia , Opacidade da Córnea/veterinária , Epitélio/imunologia , Epitélio/microbiologia , Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/imunologia , Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/microbiologia , Imunofluorescência/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Cavalos , Leptospirose/imunologia , Masculino , Uveíte/veterinária
18.
J Chemother ; 4(2): 78-81, 1992 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1385831

RESUMO

This study's objectives were to evaluate the effects of subminimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of tobramycin, gentamicin, netilmicin, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime and piperacillin on proteinase production, alginate and siderophore synthesis by two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. One of these strains, of recent clinical isolation, was mucoid. In fact it is well known that mucoid strains are more resistant than non-mucoid; there is, moreover, evidence that in cystic fibrotic lungs the non-mucoid P. aeruginosa are invariably replaced by mucoid variants. Our results show that subinhibitory concentrations of beta-lactams and quinolones significantly reduced the amount of alginate. Protease production was affected by all antibiotics tested.


Assuntos
Alginatos/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/biossíntese , Endopeptidases/biossíntese , Quelantes de Ferro/metabolismo , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/patogenicidade , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Gentamicinas/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Piperacilina/farmacologia , Sideróforos , Tobramicina/farmacologia , Virulência/efeitos dos fármacos
19.
J Chemother ; 5(5): 317-24, 1993 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8106906

RESUMO

The capacity of human and murine polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release from human monocytes was investigated. Human pooled immunoglobulin G (IVIG), human IgM monoclonal antibody (HA-1A) directed against the lipid A moiety of LPS, and murine IgG monoclonal antibody (MT-1F) raised in mice against antibiotic-treated Escherichia coli O6:K- were either added simultaneously with LPS to monocytes or preincubated for 1 h at 37 degrees C before being added to monocytes. TNF-alpha content in the monocyte supernatants was then tested. Simultaneous addition of increasing concentrations of IVIG (from 0.3 to 2.5 mg/ml) and 10 micrograms/ml of LPS to monocytes induced an enhanced release of TNF-alpha by monocytes in a dose dependent fashion. Preincubation of IVIG with LPS abolished the additive effect, but did not inhibit LPS-induced TNF-alpha release by monocytes. The simultaneous addition of LPS and HA-1A to monocytes had no additive effect nor did it inhibit TNF-alpha release. On the other hand, inhibition of TNF-alpha release was observed when HA-1A was preincubated with LPS before being added to monocytes. In all instances MT-1F inhibited TNF-alpha release when the monocytes were stimulated with smooth type LPS, but not with LPS isolated from rough mutants.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Soros Imunes/imunologia , Monócitos/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossíntese , Animais , Humanos , Imunoglobulinas Intravenosas/farmacologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C
20.
J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) ; 40(4): 487-94, 1999 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10532204

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether ECC may produce regional liberation of inflammatory mediators capable of inducing vascular effects and organ damage. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Comparative study [corrected]. SETTING: Cardiac surgery department in a University hospital. PATIENTS: Fifteen patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG, group A) and ten patients operated for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (controls, group B) have been studied. MEASURES: Levels of Interleukin 1beta (IL1), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF), Interleukin 6 (IL6), and Endothelin 1 (ET1) were measured in pulmonary capillary, arterial, and venous blood and in bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) before, during and after extracorporeal circulation (ECC) or surgical intervention. RESULTS: TNF-alpha (never >35 pg/ml) and IL1beta (range 20-300 pg/ml) values did not change over time for both groups. IL6 concentrations in all samples of group A increased between five and twenty fold, during and after ECC (from 3-5 pg/ml up to 240 pg/ml, p<0.001). This trend was similar in controls after surgical stress. Endothelin 1 was always undetectable in the BAL fluid, with a modest, but significant increase in pulmonary capillary blood of group A, after ECC, (from 11+/-4 pg/ml to 18+/-5 pg/ml, p<0.001). This increment correlated well with the PVR increase, but was transient and after 24 hours, ET1 values returned to baseline levels. Mean values of ET1 increased also in controls, but not significantly. CONCLUSIONS: ECC may induce ET1 liberation in pulmonary circulation with transient pulmonary vasoconstriction, but wihout intra-alveolar release, or lung damage. Augmented concentrations of IL6 probably express a response to surgical procedure rather than an effect exclusively related to ECC.


Assuntos
Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Ponte de Artéria Coronária , Doença das Coronárias/cirurgia , Endotelina-1/sangue , Circulação Extracorpórea , Alvéolos Pulmonares/irrigação sanguínea , Circulação Pulmonar/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/sangue , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/química , Doença das Coronárias/sangue , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucina-1/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valores de Referência , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
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