RESUMO
Finding an effective and well-tolerated treatment for canine idiopathic sebaceous adenitis (ISA) can be challenging. This case report describes an 8-year-old male Rottweiler with ISA successfully treated with a combination of oclacitinib and low doses of prednisolone.
Encontrar um tratamento eficaz e bem tolerado para a adenite sebácea idiopática (ISA) pode ser desafiador. Este relato descreve o caso de um cão Rottweiler macho de oito anos de idade tratado satisfatoriamente com uma associação de oclacitinib e baixas doses de prednisolona.
Encontrar un tratamiento efectivo y bien tolerado frente a la adenitis sebácea idiopática (ISA) puede ser un reto difícil. Este artículo describe el caso de un perro Rottweiler de ocho años tratado con eficacia con una combinación de oclacitinib y dosis bajas de prednisolona.
Trouver un traitement efficace et bien toléré pour l'adénite sébacée idiopathique canine (ASI) peut s'avérer difficile. Ce rapport clinique décrit le cas d'un Rottweiler mâle de 8 ans atteint d'ASI et traité avec succès par une combinaison d'oclacitinib et de faibles doses de prednisolone.
Assuntos
Dermatite , Doenças do Cão , Linfadenite , Masculino , Cães , Animais , Prednisolona/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Sulfonamidas/uso terapêutico , Dermatite/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatite/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Linfadenite/tratamento farmacológico , Linfadenite/veterináriaRESUMO
An approximately one-year-old intact male domestic short hair cat was presented with plantigrade stance and dorsally duplicated paw pads in all limbs covered by hyperkeratotic material. True nails were rudimentary and located between the dorsal and ventral digital pads. Histologically, the biopsied duplicated dorsal paw pad was completely developed (paw pad choristoma).
Un chat domestique à poil court mâle intact d'environ un an a été présenté avec une position plantigrade et des coussinets de patte dupliqués dorsalement dans tous les membres recouvert de matériel hyperkératosique. Les vrais ongles étaient rudimentaires et situés entre les coussinets digitaux dorsaux et ventraux. Histologiquement, le coussinet de la patte dorsale dupliqué biopsié était complètement développé (choristome du coussinet de la patte).
Un gato macho doméstico de pelo corto, entero de aproximadamente 1 año de edad se presentó con una postura plantígrada y almohadillas de las patas dorsalmente duplicadas en todas las extremidades cubiertas por material hiperqueratósico. Las uñas verdaderas eran rudimentarias y estaban ubicadas entre las almohadillas digitales dorsal y ventral. Histológicamente, la almohadilla de la pata dorsal duplicada de la biopsia estaba completamente desarrollada (coristoma de la almohadilla de la pata).
Aproximadamente um ano-velho gato de pêlo curto doméstico macho intacto foi apresentado com postura plantígrada e almofadas das patas duplicadas dorsalmente em todos os membros coberto por material hiperqueratótico. As unhas verdadeiras eram rudimentares e localizadas entre as almofadas digitais dorsal e ventral. Histologicamente, a biópsia duplicada a almofada dorsal da pata estava completamente desenvolvida (coristoma da almofada da pata).
Assuntos
Pé , Pele , Gatos , Masculino , Animais , ExtremidadesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Compared with mammals, wound healing in reptiles is characterized by reduced wound contraction and longer healing times. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and histopathological effects of topical insulin on second-intention healing of experimentally induced wounds in skin without dermal bony plates of Trachemys scripta elegans exposed to daily variations in ambient temperature and in an aquatic environment. Forty-four healthy adult females were assigned to two groups: Group 1 (n = 24) was used to assess clinical features such as wound contraction; Group 2 (n = 20) was used for histological evaluation and morphometric analysis. Topical porcine insulin (5 IU/ml diluted in glycerol) was applied daily 1 week. For each control time (2, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-wounding), re-epithelisation and wound remodelling were evaluated histologically and the number of main inflammatory cells (heterophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and fibroblasts) was scored. RESULTS: Mean wound contraction was higher in the insulin-treated group at each time point and differences were significant at day 28 (P < 0.0001). Histologically, these clinical findings were associated with better re-epithelisation, inflammatory response, collagen synthesis and remodelling of the wounds. Morphometrically, insulin-treated wounds had significantly higher mean counts of heterophils (day 7), macrophages (days 2, 7 and 14) and fibroblasts (days 14 and 21), whereas lymphocyte counts were significantly lower at day 21. These results demonstrate that topical insulin modifies the inflammatory response of turtle skin up-regulating inflammatory cells at early stages and promoting wound healing. CONCLUSIONS: Topical insulin is a potentially useful therapy in skin wounds of Trachemys scripta and should be evaluated in non-experimental wounds of turtles and other reptiles.
Assuntos
Insulina/uso terapêutico , Pele/lesões , Tartarugas/lesões , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Tópica , Animais , Feminino , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/patologia , TemperaturaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cutaneous wounds are common in chelonians. The clinical and histological features of wound healing in these species are not well described and this prevents evaluation of new therapies. OBJECTIVES: To describe clinical and histopathological features of cutaneous wound healing in the red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans). ANIMALS: Twenty four healthy adult females housed in outdoor facilities with free access to water and exposed to daily variations in temperature. METHODS: Full thickness 6 mm skin biopsy punch wounds were created in the rear limbs. The turtles were assigned to Group 1 (n = 12 for clinical evaluation) and Group 2 (n = 12 for microscopic study). Group 1 was photographed on Day 1 and weekly, until 28 days post wounding. Wound retraction was expressed as the percentage of perimeter reduction. For Group 2, three skin wounds were sampled at 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 60 and 135 days post wounding for histological study. The avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC) staining method was used to evaluate five commercial antibodies. RESULTS: Wound contraction was limited; crust persisted at least 28 days. Re-epithelialization was complete by Day 14 in many animals; active inflammation persisted until 28 days; connective tissue re-constitution and remodelling was achieved from 42 to 135 days. Antibodies AE1/AE3, Factor VIII, MAC 387, CD3 and NCL-MSA showed cross reactivity with the cell counterpart in turtle tissues. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Second intention wound healing progressed slowly and with an indolent behaviour. Microscopically there was marked overlapping of the inflammatory and proliferative phases over a long time period.
Assuntos
Pele/patologia , Tartarugas , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/veterinária , Animais , Feminino , Ferimentos e Lesões/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease that occurs in humans and various other mammalian species. When the disease progresses to total alopecia it is defined as alopecia areata universalis (AAU), although this outcome has only been described in humans. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To describe a case of canine alopecia areata universalis and its clinical outcome after 22 months of follow-up. ANIMAL: A 9-year-old intact male cross-breed hunting dog was presented with generalized and complete noninflammatory alopecia of 12-14 months duration. METHODS: Clinical examination; histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of skin biopsies. RESULTS: There was loss of all body hair including eyelashes and vibrissae. The histopathological and immunohistochemical findings supported a diagnosis of long-standing alopecia areata. Treatment with oral ciclosporin was associated with hair regrowth but muzzle hair, most eyelashes and whiskers were still lacking after 17 months of therapy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: To the best of the author's knowledge this is the first documented case of canine AAU. The clinical and histopathological features were consistent with a diagnosis of AAU as defined in humans. Treatment with oral ciclosporin resulted in near complete resolution of the alopecia, but after 5 months without treatment the alopecia did not relapse and spontaneous resolution cannot be ruled out.
Assuntos
Alopecia em Áreas/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Alopecia em Áreas/diagnóstico , Alopecia em Áreas/tratamento farmacológico , Alopecia em Áreas/patologia , Animais , Biópsia/veterinária , Ciclosporina/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pele/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is a common cause of pruritus in horses, but there are few controlled studies on the efficacy of allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT). Atopic dermatitis and IBH can present with overlapping clinical signs; multiple insect and environmental allergens could be indicated in these horses to achieve effective hyposensitization. Although the success of ASIT using Culicoides spp. whole-body extracts is controversial, there are no controlled studies published that clearly show benefit from this form of therapy. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of ASIT in horses with IBH using commercially available extracts and tests. ANIMALS: Twenty horses with seasonal pruritus and positive intradermal reactions to a whole Culicoides extract. METHODS: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test (Allercept(®) ) was used to detect concurrent allergen-specific IgE for other insects and environmental allergens. The ASIT was formulated by adding the relevant serologically positive allergens to the Culicoides extract. After randomization, 10 horses received ASIT and the rest a placebo solution. Clinical response was assessed every 4 months during 1 year using a clinical scoring system based on the severity of four clinical signs at 10 different body regions. Horses were not stabled and, to minimize dropouts, an insect repellent was used weekly in both groups. RESULTS: Differences in clinical scores between groups were nonsignificant at any re-evaluation, while both groups improved to a similar extent, probably due to the insecticide treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Using commercially available extracts and tests, we could not demonstrate a beneficial effect of 1 year multiple ASIT in nonstabled horses with IBH.
Assuntos
Alérgenos/imunologia , Ceratopogonidae/imunologia , Dessensibilização Imunológica/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade/veterinária , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/veterinária , Animais , Dessensibilização Imunológica/métodos , Método Duplo-Cego , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Feminino , Doenças dos Cavalos/terapia , Cavalos , Imunoglobulina E , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/imunologia , Masculino , Prurido/imunologia , Prurido/veterináriaRESUMO
Based on computed tomography (CT) images, volume rendering was used to obtain a three-dimensional representation of data (3DVR). The aims of this study included: describing the bone anatomy of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of dogs; comparing the TMJs of each dog by skull type and age; comparing 3DVR images with three-standard-plane CTs; assessing soft tissues adjacent to the TMJ and assessing pathological cases. Multidetector computed tomography scans of bilateral TMJs of 410 dogs were observed. From a ventral view, slight displacements in the positions of the skulls were seen, whereas from a caudal view, differences in amplitude of the articular space were observed. Dolichocephalic and mesaticephalic dogs showed more similar TMJ features than brachycephalic dogs. The shape of the TMJ bones were irregular in dogs under 1 year old. The 3DVR images related to the three-standard-plane CT improved the overall comprehension of the changes in the articular space amplitude and condylar process morphology. The fovea pterygoidea, mandibular fossa and retroarticular process were perfectly shown. A better spatial situation of adjacent soft tissues was obtained. The 3DVR represents an ancillary method to the standard-plane CT that could help in the understanding of the anatomy and diagnoses of different pathologies of the TMJ in dogs.
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The sensitivity of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test to detect Cushing's Syndrome (CS) using a depot formulation needs to be evaluated. The aims of this study were to propose a reference interval (RI) for cortisol values 1-hour after administration of a low-dose of depot ACTH in healthy dogs, and to evaluate the sensitivity of this test to detect CS, differentiating among types of CS based on ultrasound findings. Forty-one healthy dogs (20 males, 21 females) were prospectively included. Additionally, 90 dogs with CS (31 males, 59 females) were retrospectively included. Dogs with CS were ultrasonographically classified as follows: 44 dogs with symmetrical adrenomegaly consistent with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism (PDH), 8 dogs with unilateral adrenomegaly and atrophy of the contralateral adrenal gland or unilateral or bilateral adrenomegaly with malignancy features consistent with adrenal-dependent hypercortisolism (ADH), 34 dogs with equivocal adrenal asymmetry (EAA) and 4 dogs with normal adrenal thickness. In healthy dogs, lower and upper limit of the 95% RI for 1-hour post-ACTH cortisol concentration and their 90% confidence intervals, were 4.4 (2.7-5.8) µg/dl and 18.4 (16.5-20.0) µg/dl, respectively. Post-ACTH cortisol concentration was above the RI in 90.0% (ci95%, 76.1-100) of dogs with CS. An elevated post-ACTH cortisol concentration was detected in 95.5% (ci95%, 76.1-100) of dogs with PDH, 62.5% (ci95%, 46.1-78.9) of dogs with ADH and 88.2% (ci95%, 69.1-100) of dogs with EAA. The sensitivity of the ACTH stimulation test using a low-dose of depot ACTH in high in dogs with CS.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Cushing , Doenças do Cão , Hipersecreção Hipofisária de ACTH , Masculino , Feminino , Cães , Animais , Síndrome de Cushing/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Cushing/veterinária , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/farmacologia , Hidrocortisona , Estudos Retrospectivos , Hipersecreção Hipofisária de ACTH/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome refers to a variety of bioactive compounds that represents the more important pathway by which MSCs participate in tissue regeneration. Many of these compounds have shown variable functional activity even across nonmammalian vertebrate species, although MSCs in turtles have not yet been described. Canine adipose MSC secretome has been successfully used experimentally in skin healing. Our aim was to conduct a blinded controlled study to evaluate the effect of canine adipose MSC secretome (cS-MSC) as an alternative for the healing of soft skin, second intention wounds of red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta). Under general anesthesia, one circular, 6-mm full thickness wound was made in each rear leg of 14 females. After randomization, cS-MSC was injected subcutaneously around one wound at days 1, 7, and 14, whereas the other wound acted as control. Biopsies from three animals' wounds were obtained at days 21, 28, 42, and 63. Differences in mean wound retraction at days 21 (n=14) and 28 (n=11) were statistically nonsignificant. The clinical and histopathologic scores performed blind by two different investigators were similar for treated and control wounds. In conclusion, we could not detect a significant functional activity of cS-MSC on wound healing of Trachemys scripta.
Assuntos
Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Tartarugas , Animais , Cães , Feminino , Intenção , Masculino , Secretoma , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ozone is an antimicrobial agent that in experimental and case-control studies has been found to exert a positive effect on wound healing. Wild and pet chelonians frequently present insidious wounds exhibiting secondary infections and/or delayed healing. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the effects of topical ozonated sunflower oil on second-intention healing of acute experimental skin wounds in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans). METHODS: Randomised within-subject controlled study; Group 1 (n = 24) was used to assess clinical healing features; Group 2 (n = 12) was used for histological evaluation in which two sets of wounds were biopsied at 2, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days over the course of the cicatrisation process. A single 6 mm diameter wound was made on each rear limb and topical ozonated (950 peroxide value) and non-ozonated sunflower oil were applied daily for one week on treated and contralateral control wounds, respectively. RESULTS: Mean wound size was significantly lower in the ozone-treated group at day 28 (p < 0.0001) with differences of clinical relevance (74.04% vs. 93.05% reduction of initial wound size). Histologically, the acute inflammatory reaction was enhanced in treated wounds, with significantly higher numbers of heterophils (p = 0.0016), lymphocytes (p < 0.001) and fibroblasts (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Daily topical application of ozonated sunflower oil over the course of one week improved the healing of acute, full-thickness skin wounds in chelonians. This clinical outcome was histologically correlated with an enhanced acute inflammatory reaction, as well as the production and remodelling of collagen fibres.
Assuntos
Ozônio/química , Óleo de Girassol/farmacologia , Tartarugas/lesões , Cicatrização , Administração Tópica , Animais , Animais de Zoológico , Feminino , Pele/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological tolerance of medical cyanoacrylate adhesives (CAs), butyl-CA and octyl-CA, applied by two different methods in surgical skin incisions of T. scripta. METHODS: A two-trial controlled blind study each one including 12 female adult T. scripta turtles. Two 1-cm long full-thickness surgical skin incisions were made on the dorsal aspect of each hind limb. In trial 1 CAs were applied superficially over the apposed wound edges; each animal's four wounds were closed using butyl-CA, octyl-CA and ethyl-CA or absorbable suture as controls. In trial 2 adhesives were applied holding wound edges everted, and octyl-CA was replaced by a non-sutured control wound. At each time point (2, 7, 14 and 21 days) all wounds from three randomly chosen animals were biopsied. RESULTS: Medical grade CAs did not induce any sign of tissue damage and/or inflammatory reaction attributable to histotoxicity independently of the method of application. Wound dehiscence rate was higher when CAs were applied superficially over the apposed wound edges. CONCLUSIONS: Octyl and butyl-CA are well tolerated by turtles' soft skin but because of their high rate of dehiscence they are not recommended in high tension wounds; use in low tension wounds needs further investigation.
Assuntos
Cianoacrilatos/uso terapêutico , Ferida Cirúrgica/terapia , Ferida Cirúrgica/veterinária , Adesivos Teciduais/uso terapêutico , Tartarugas/cirurgia , Animais , Feminino , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Sebaceous gland oestrogen alpha (ERalpha) and progesterone (PR) receptor expression was examined immunohistochemically in 26 and 32 dogs respectively with sebaceous gland hyperplasia/adenomas, epitheliomas and carcinomas, and in the glands of 10 healthy controls. The mean percentage of ERalpha positive nuclei in control sebaceous glands was 21.31% compared with 11.5% in hyperplasia/adenoma-type lesions, although these values were not statistically different. In sebaceous gland epitheliomas and carcinomas, positive basal cells represented 7.86% and 3.53% of neoplastic cells respectively and these mean percentages were significantly lower in epitheliomas (P < 0.024) and carcinomas (P < 0.015) than in controls. The mean percentage of PR-positive nuclei in control sebaceous glands was 23.96%, similar to the 22.07% found in hyperplasia/adenoma-type lesions. In sebaceous gland epitheliomas and carcinomas, positive cells were scarce and represented 13.5% and 4.06% of neoplastic cells respectively. Differences in the percentage of positive cells between normal and pathological glands reached statistical significance for carcinomas (P < 0.043). In the control group there was greater PR (P < 0.001) and ERalpha expression (P < 0.014) in sebaceous glands in female dogs. The PR and ERalpha immunoreactivity in each category of neoplastic lesions could not be analysed because sample size was too small but when all the sebaceous gland tumours were grouped and analysed, no sex difference was found. The results suggest that oestrogen and progesterone receptor expression is reduced in some canine sebaceous gland tumours. These changes may represent a contributing factor for tumour growth or simply be a consequence of tumour progression.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/metabolismo , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/biossíntese , Receptores de Progesterona/biossíntese , Neoplasias das Glândulas Sebáceas/veterinária , Glândulas Sebáceas/metabolismo , Adenoma/metabolismo , Adenoma/patologia , Adenoma/veterinária , Animais , Carcinoma/metabolismo , Carcinoma/patologia , Carcinoma/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Feminino , Hiperplasia/metabolismo , Hiperplasia/veterinária , Masculino , Neoplasias das Glândulas Sebáceas/metabolismo , Neoplasias das Glândulas Sebáceas/patologia , Glândulas Sebáceas/patologia , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
The association between serum anti-histone antibodies and glomerulonephritis was studied in 43 dogs with leishmaniasis (Leishmania infantum). Dogs with increased serum creatinine levels and urine protein-creatinine ratio >1 were considered to have glomerulonephritis. Moderately elevated anti-histone antibodies were found in 38.89% (7/18) of infected dogs without glomerulonephritis, whereas 88% of dogs with glomerulonephritis (22/25) showed moderate or strongly elevated anti-histone antibodies. Prevalence of positive anti-histone antibodies reactions and mean serum concentration was significantly higher (P<0.001; P<0.0001) in infected dogs with glomerulonephritis. Correlation between anti-histone antibodies and urine protein-creatinine ratio was significant when groups were analysed together (P<0.046). Positive predictive value for glomerulonephritis of positive anti-histone antibodies was 88%. In conclusion, high anti-histone antibodies are significantly associated with glomerulonephritis. Although other factors must be involved, dogs with moderate or strong positive anti-histone antibodies reactions may have a higher probability to develop glomerular lesions in canine leishmaniasis.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antinucleares/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Glomerulonefrite/veterinária , Histonas/imunologia , Leishmaniose/veterinária , Animais , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Nitrogênio da Ureia Sanguínea , Creatinina/sangue , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Cão/urina , Cães , Glomerulonefrite/tratamento farmacológico , Glomerulonefrite/imunologia , Glomerulonefrite/urina , Leishmania/genética , Leishmania/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose/tratamento farmacológico , Leishmaniose/imunologia , Leishmaniose/urina , Linfonodos/parasitologia , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
Abstract- The clinical, histopathological and ultrastructural features of a spayed female Siamese cat with a three-and-a-half year history of progressive cutaneous depigmentation are described. Clinically the condition was characterised by progressive leukoderma of the nose, pinna and footpad skin, and multifocal leukotrichia involving the whole body. Histopathological and ultrastructural studies confirmed the absence of melanocytes and melanin in the epidermis and hair follicles of affected areas. Immunohistochemical study revealed areas with absence of immune response to anti-vimentin antiserum, which was interpreted as a loss of dendritic cells, especially melanocytes. Diagnosis of vitiligo was based on the clinical signs and pathological features. This study adds a new case of this uncommon condition in the cat, and documents some previously non-reported features of feline vitiligo, such as the chronic progressive and generalised nature of the skin lesions, and its reversible character with partial lentiginous repigmentation on the pinna.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the adrenocortical response of healthy dogs to a commonly used dose of a nonadsorbed tetracosactide product (tetracosactide) with responses to 2 doses of a depot formulation of tetracosactide (depot tetracosactide). ANIMALS: 14 dogs. PROCEDURES: Dogs were randomly assigned to receive tetracosactide (5 mg/kg, IV) or depot tetracosactide (250 µg, IM, or 5 µg/kg, IM). Dogs received each treatment once with a 2-week interval between treatments. Blood samples were assayed for cortisol, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, and estradiol concentrations. RESULTS: Serum cortisol concentrations were significantly higher than the preadministration (baseline) concentrations for all treatments 60 minutes after administration of ACTH. Peak cortisol concentration was detected 180 minutes after IM administration of 250 µg of the depot tetracosactide. Serum concentrations of progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and androstenedione did not differ significantly from baseline concentrations after stimulation with the 5 µg/kg dose of depot tetracosactide. Adrenal gland progesterone response was significantly higher than baseline concentrations at 60 minutes after administration of the 250-µg dose of depot tetracosactide, and the 17-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione responses were significantly higher than baseline concentrations at 120 minutes. Compared with the response to tetracosactide, adrenocortical response was higher and more sustained following administration of the depot tetracosactide, except for androstenedione concentration, which had a nonsignificant response. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Except for androstenedione concentrations, a high dose of the depot tetracosactide (250 µg, IM) induced an adrenocortical response similar to that after administration of tetracosactide. Thus, depot tetracosactide may represent an alternative to the nonadsorbed tetracosactide product.
Assuntos
Glândulas Suprarrenais/efeitos dos fármacos , Glândulas Suprarrenais/metabolismo , Cosintropina/administração & dosagem , Cosintropina/farmacologia , Cães/sangue , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , 17-alfa-Hidroxiprogesterona/sangue , 17-alfa-Hidroxiprogesterona/metabolismo , Androstenodiona/sangue , Androstenodiona/metabolismo , Animais , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Feminino , Hormônios/administração & dosagem , Hormônios/farmacologia , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Masculino , Progesterona/sangue , Progesterona/metabolismoRESUMO
This study reports the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of staphylococci (n=105) isolated from dogs, and the factors associated with this resistance. The study animals were 23 healthy dogs (group A), 24 with first-time pyoderma (group B), and 27 with recurrent pyoderma that had undergone long-term antibiotic treatment (group C). Staphylococci were more commonly isolated from the pyoderma-affected than the healthy dogs (p<0.0001). Some 78% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. Resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate, cephalosporins (OR 4.29, 95% CI [1.15, 16.3] respectively), enrofloxacin (OR 9.47, 95% CI [1.53, 58.5]) and ciprofloxacin (OR 79.7 95% CI [3.26, 1947.4]) was more common among group C isolates. Some 32% of all the isolates were multiresistant (MR) and 10.4% were methicillin-resistant (MRS). The probability of isolating MRS staphylococci in group C increased by a factor of four (95% CI [1.18, 17.9]) compared to A plus B. Multi-resistant (MR) isolates were obtained more commonly from urban than rural dogs (OR 3.79, 95% CI [1.09, 13.17]). All the MRS staphylococci encountered were obtained from urban dogs and more commonly from male dogs (p=0.07). This study shows that dogs bred in urban habitat, with a history of antibiotic therapy in the past year represents significant risk of being carriers of isolates resistant to methicillin (MRS) and other antimicrobials. These factors should be considered before applying an antimicrobial treatment in veterinary clinics.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Pioderma/veterinária , Staphylococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Cefalosporinas/farmacologia , Cefalosporinas/uso terapêutico , Cães , Enrofloxacina , Feminino , Fluoroquinolonas/farmacologia , Fluoroquinolonas/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Meticilina/farmacologia , Meticilina/uso terapêutico , Pioderma/tratamento farmacológico , Pioderma/microbiologia , Fatores de Risco , Staphylococcus/classificaçãoRESUMO
Otitis externa is common in atopic dogs and is frequently treated using potent glucocorticoids topically. These preparations can cause adrenal suppression and affect skin test reactivity. The purpose of this study was to determine if an otic product containing betamethasone could decrease skin reactivity in normal dogs. Sixteen laboratory beagles were used in a cross-over, blinded trial. Dogs were enrolled in two groups; one received placebo and the other a betamethasone-containing otic preparation (Otomax) twice daily for 2 weeks. After a 4-week wash-out period, treatments were switched. Dogs were intradermally tested on days 0 and 14 of each treatment period with histamine phosphate (1 : 100,000 and 1 : 200,000 w/v) and allergens common in the area. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation tests were done before and after treatment to investigate adrenal suppression. After 2 weeks of otic betamethasone, Dermatophagoides farinae (P = 0.0034), Cynodon dactylon (P = 0.0459) and histamine 1 : 100,000 w/v (P = 0.0028) reactions were significantly reduced. Pre-treatment post-ACTH serum cortisol levels and those obtained after both treatments did not differ statistically (P = 0.6362). Betamethasone induced a slight but statistically significant elevation (P = 0.0002) of serum alkaline phosphatase. Despite the increase, values were within normal range. It is concluded that, although otic betamethasone did not suppress adrenal glands, it mildly suppressed intradermal reactions to 1 : 100,000 w/v histamine, D. farinae and C. dactylon.
Assuntos
Glândulas Suprarrenais/efeitos dos fármacos , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Betametasona/farmacologia , Dermatite Atópica/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Testes Intradérmicos/veterinária , Administração Tópica , Glândulas Suprarrenais/imunologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Betametasona/administração & dosagem , Estudos Cross-Over , Dermatite Atópica/diagnóstico , Cães , Reações Falso-Negativas , Feminino , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos TestesRESUMO
This case report describes a case of multiple follicular cysts in a 4-year-old Spanish purebred stallion. The lesions ranged in size from 0.5 to 3 cm in diameter, and were firm, well circumscribed and nonpruritic. They developed over a 2-year period with a generalized distribution affecting all body regions. Five nodules were removed and histopathologically corresponded to simple epidermal cysts (infundibular and isthmus-catagen) with squamous epithelium and a keratin filled cavity. Lesions were not evident at birth but their number, early age of detection, slow growth and lack of previous trauma suggested that they were congenital. To the authors' knowledge, this condition has not previously been reported either in young horses or in Spanish purebred horses.
Assuntos
Cisto Folicular/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Animais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Cisto Folicular/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Cavalos/patologia , Cavalos , MasculinoRESUMO
Numbers of desquamated epithelial cells, yeast cells and bacterial organisms were counted in samples collected from the external ear canal of 37 normal dogs and 16 normal cats, and from 24 dogs and 22 cats with otitis externa. The aims of the study were to establish quantitative reference ranges and to correlate these data with the clinical status of the dogs and cats. Numbers of yeast cells and bacterial organisms were significantly increased in dogs (P = 0.05; P = 0.0001) and cats (P = 0.0001; P = 0.0001) with otitis externa, and in most cases high counts were correlated with clinical signs. Mean Malassezia counts per high-power dry field of > or = 5 in the dog and > or = 12 in the cat were considered abnormal. Mean bacterial counts per high-power dry field of > or = 25 in the dog and > or = 15 in the cat were considered abnormal. When used to differentiate normal from inflamed external ear canals, these figures provided a low sensitivity but a specificity of > or = 95%.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Gatos/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Cães/microbiologia , Otite Externa/veterinária , Animais , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Técnicas Citológicas/veterinária , Orelha Externa/microbiologia , Malassezia/isolamento & purificação , Otite Externa/microbiologia , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
Clinicopathological findings are described for a unique skeletal pattern of osteochondromatosis (syn. multiple osteochondromas) in three crossbred littermate dogs. Multiple nonpainful bilaterally symmetric skeletal lesions arose from focal semiannular and annular areas of periosteal thickening on the cortical surface of the metaphyses and diaphyses of long bones. Flat bones of the skull were spared. In radiographs osteochondromas in different stages of evolution were apparent. Grossly there were smoothly contoured, nodular subperiosteal masses of dense fibrocartilaginous and osseous tissue that were continuous with and overlying apparently normal but thin trabeculae of cancellous bone. Cortical compacta was attenuated or absent beneath exostoses. In histologic sections of the cartilage-capped exostoses a hyperplastic periosteum formed a focal semiannular or annular cap of proliferative hyaline cartilage tissue that underwent endochondral ossification and replacement by cancellous bone at its base. Intertrabecular spaces in the cancellous bone of exostoses were filled with fibro-osseous and hematopoietic tissue. A hereditary origin was suspected for the osteochondromas. Origin of some osteochondromas as semiannular or annular perturbations of the perichondrial ring of metaphyseal physes of long bones likely contributed to limb shortening and a pattern of billaterally symmetric angular limb deformities of all limbs as occurs in some children affected by osteochondromatosis.