Polypoid colon mucosa in a leukemia patient.

A woman, followed for chronic myeloid leukaemia, presented for a routine examination. Her medical history was marked by recurrent Helicobacter pylori gastritis and polymyalgica rheumatica. She was under dasatinib and hormone replacement therapy. At clinical examination, she complained about digestive disorders with altered bowel habits. Biology, including leucocyte count, remained normal. A colonoscopy was performed. Endoscopic examination revealed a colonic mucosa covered by multiple tiny nodular lesions (<5mm) from the hepatic angle to the sigmoid and with an abnormal pattern of vascularisation (Fig. 1). Staged biopsies were taken. Microscopic examination revealed discrete achi-tectural distortions. The stroma contained a mixed inflammatory infiltrate composed of neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes. Immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD5, CD20 and CD79 did not bring arguments for a lymphoma. There were no malignant or dysplastic cells. (Fig. 2). What is your diagnosis?

Continuous ADR50 monitoring through automated linkage between endoscopy and pathology: a quality improvement initiative in a Brussels public hospital.

Background and study aim: Adenoma detection rate in patients aged 50 years or older (ADR50) is considered by the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) a key performance measures for lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. Technical and human resources constrain implementation of recording quality monitoring. The aim was to deploy an infrastructure for continuous monitoring of endoscopy quality indicators. And to evaluate its potential benefit on quality performance. Methods: A company reporting system was adapted by adding a dedicated tab for quality monitoring, including: preparation, progression, number of resected polyps. Automated linkage with the pathology database resulted in continuous monitoring of inter alia: rate of adequate bowel preparation, cecal intubation rate and ADR50. Continuous monitoring was done for all nine endoscopists working at our center, with individual feedback after 4, 9 and 28 months. Results: A total of 1434 colonoscopies were performed during the first 9 months of monitoring, 682 during the first 4 months, 752 during the following 5 months. Five months after feedback a global increase in ADR50 of 4.6% (22.9% to 27.5%) (P<0.05) was observed, compared to the first 4 months. Thus meeting the benchmark (≥25%) recommended by ESGE. A durable effect of monitoring and feedback was observed after 28 months (ADR50: 29.4%). Conclusions: An easy to use infrastructure for registration of quality monitoring in daily endoscopy practice, automatically linking the pathology database, facilitates continuous monitoring of endoscopy quality indicators. A global and durable ADR50 increase was observed after feedback, considered a quality improvement in performance of lower gastrointestinal endoscopy at our center.

Buschke-Löwenstein tumor in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient: a case report and short literature review.

Giant condyloma acuminatum, also known as Buschke-Löwenstein tumor, is a rare variant of verrucous carcinoma presenting in the ano-genital region. While its metastatic potential is limited, aggressive local growth is common, with invasion and destruction of the surrounding tissues often causing important therapeutic challenges. Also, data to inform the optimal management approach are scarce and mostly limited to anectodical reports. We present the case of a human immunodeficiency virus-associated locally advanced Buschke Löwenstein tumor that was successfully treated with extensive surgery.

Accuracy and other quality indicators of solid pancreatic mass endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration and biopsy in two academic endoscopy centers.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration/biopsy (EUS-FNA/FNB) is highly accurate, but discrepancies between cytological and surgical diagnoses are still observed. We aimed to determine its accuracy and monitor quality indicators in our facilities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all cases of pancreatic solid lesions evaluated by EUS-FNA/FNB, between July 2015 and June 2018, in two centers. Cytological and surgical findings were categorized into five groups: benign, malignant, suspect of malignancy, undetermined and insufficient for diagnosis. Final diagnosis was based on surgical diagnosis and, in patients who did not undergo surgery, on clinical outcome after 6 months follow-up. RESULTS: Altogether, 142 patients were included. FNA was the preferred tissue acquisition method (88%), with a predilection for the FNA 22G needle (57%). Cytology was insufficient for diagnosis in 2 cases, therefore a full diagnostic sample was available in 98.6% of the patients (>90%, ESGE target). Fifty-five (38.7%) patients underwent surgery. In term of cancer diagnosis, comparison with final surgical pathology (n=55) revealed 89% true positives, 5.5% true negatives, 3.6% false positives and 1.8% false negatives. When combining surgical diagnosis and clinical outcomes together, EUS-guided sampling sensitivity was 97.4% (92.5-99.5), specificity was 92.3% (74.9-99.1), positive predictive value was 98.2% (93.6- 99.5), negative predictive value was 88.9% (72.3-96.1) and accuracy was 96.4% (91.9-98.8). Post-procedural acute pancreatitis was reported in 2 patients (1.4%). CONCLUSIONS: These results reveal a performance for diagnostic tissue sampling well above the ESGE proposed target standard. Also, the uncommon high specificity illustrates the determining role of the pathologist's final interpretation and diagnosis.

Inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma, focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic granulomas in one single patient : possible physiopathologic explanations.

We report the case of a hepatocellular adenoma associated with focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic granulomas in a 30-yearsold woman. This association has rarely been described before but might be explained by underlying common pathophysiologic mechanisms. In this manuscript possible links between the three entities are discussed.

First case of Campylobacter rectus and Solobacterium moorei mixed bacteraemia successfully identified by MALDI TOF-MS.

Campylobacter rectus and Solobacterium moorei are anaerobic Gram-negative and Gram-positive rods, respectively, that are occasionally members of the human oral flora. Bacteraemia has rarely been reported. We present the first case of mixed C. rectus-S. moorei bacteraemia in an individual with diabetes and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Both bacteria were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF MS.

[Acute interstitial pneumonia and bronchial cancer]. / Pneumopathie interstitielle aiguë et cancer bronchique.

A 64 year-old woman with a lung cancer metastatic to the bone was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit for a hypoxemic interstitial diffuse pneumonia. The diagnosis was obtained with a further complementary investigation. The differential diagnosis of intestitial pneumonia is discussed.

A rare case of hematemesis following gastro-duodenal strongyloides infection.

We report the case of a 30-year old Black African man with a two-year history of nausea, abdominal discomfort and pruritus due to infection with Strongyloides stercoralis, which was successfully treated, but then complicated by the development of a bleeding pseudo-tumor in the duodenum. A review of the literature was performed.

Clear cell 'sugar' tumor (PEComa) of the skin: a case report.

The so-called perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm (PEComa) family includes angiomyolipoma, clear cell 'sugar' tumor (CCST), lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and clear cell myomelanocytic tumor (CCMMT). These rare tumors are characterized by the co-expression of melanocytic and muscle markers. They have been recognized in an increasing number of sites but currently only one case of PEComa, of the CCMMT subtype, has been reported in the skin in abstract form. We provide the clinicopathologic description of a case of extrapulmonary CCST located in the dermis and superficial subcutis of the thigh of a 60-year-old female. The lesion was composed of nests of epithelioid and spindle cells with abundant clear to granular cytoplasm and distinct cell borders. The tumor showed strong and diffuse immunoreactivity with HMB-45. Scattered cells expressed desmin and h-caldesmon. Antibodies to S-100 protein, melan-A, cytokeratins, and smooth muscle actin were negative. This first case of cutaneous PEComa of the CCST type expands the differential diagnosis of clear cell/granular cell tumors of the skin.

[Mandibular ameloblastic fibro-odontoma]. / Fibro-odontome ameloblastique mandibulaire.

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is a rare and benign tumor. It usually affects young patients. This report describes the case of a ten year old child presenting an asymptomatic and slow-growing tumor located in the posterior region of the mandible. The course was normal and no recurrence was found after simple enucleation of the tumor.