Kidney transplantation from organ donors following cardiopulmonary death using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has the ability to provide normal organ perfusion and oxygenation in the absence of cardiac function and thus has the potential to improve viability of subsequently transplanted kidneys. In addition, ECMO support allows the donation following cardiopulmonary death (DCD) process to occur in a controlled manner that is acceptable to staff unfamiliar with DCD. In 1999 our center implemented a controlled DCD program that incorporates post-mortem ECMO support of the organs. Arterial and venous cannulae are placed following consent to donate, but prior to withdrawal of support. ECMO circulation is initiated immediately following declaration of death. Following a brief period where the donor family is allowed to grieve, the donor is moved to the operating room where organ recovery occurs. We reviewed the results of 20 kidney transplants from 13 ECMO supported donors that occurred between October 2000 and August 2003. One renal allograft was lost due to surgical complications, all 19 remaining grafts functioned. An 11% (2/19) delayed graft function rate was observed. Kidneys donated from "controlled" ECMO supported CPD donors are a viable source of organs for renal transplantation. This recovery method warrants further investigation.

Donation after circulatory determination of death: the university of michigan experience with extracorporeal support.

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal support (ECS) during organ procurement from donors after circulatory determination of death (DCDD) could increase the number of donor organs and decrease posttransplant complications. This study reports the experience of a large transplant center with controlled DCDD. METHODS: A retrospective review of all potential controlled-DCDD cases between October 1, 2000 and July 31, 2013 was performed. We focused on methods, ethical and practical issues, and recipient outcome data of organs procured and transplanted in our institution using ECS-assisted DCDD (E-DCDD). RESULTS: ECS was used for organ procurement in 37 controlled DCDD. The number of organs procured per donor was 2.59, and the number of organs transplanted per donor was 1.68. Delayed graft function occurred in 31% of renal grafts. In three donors (8%), organ donation was not completed because of surgeon judgment. Forty-eight renal grafts (65.8%), thirteen livers (61.9%), and one pancreas (50%) were successfully transplanted. CONCLUSIONS: ECS can be routinely implemented in controlled DCDD. In our experience, the organs provided per donor was 2.59. Widely applied, EDCDD could result in more donor organs, especially when applied to DCDD in uncontrolled conditions.

Extracorporeal support for organ donation after cardiac death effectively expands the donor pool.

BACKGROUND: We sought to evaluate the effect on short-term outcomes of normothermic, extracorporeal perfusion (ECMO) for donation of abdominal organs for transplantation after cardiac death (DCD). Study parameters included increase in number of donors and organs, types of organs procured, and viability of kidneys transplanted. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical record data for all patients enrolled in our ECMO-supported DCD donor protocol between 10/1/2000 to 2/01/2004. We also reviewed the records for all patients undergoing organ donation after brain-death (DBD) during the study period at our institution. Recipient data were obtained and analyzed for all kidneys procured from both groups. RESULTS: Twenty patients were enrolled in our DCD protocol and underwent attempted organ donation. Fifteen patients completed the protocol; 3 maintained cardiac function throughout the prescribed 60 minutes after withdrawal of life support, and two patients' organs were deemed unsuitable for transplantation. Fourteen (70%) of the DCD donor patients originated on the trauma service and six (30%) were from other clinical services. The DCD program increased the potential donor pool by 33% (61 versus 81 patients) and the number of kidneys transplanted by 24% (100 versus 124). A total of 24 kidney, 5 liver, and 1 pancreas transplants were performed with these organs. Two of 24 (8.3%) DCD kidneys had delayed graft function. There were no perioperative rejection episodes or deaths. CONCLUSION: The implementation of a DCD protocol using extracorporeal perfusion increased the potential organ donor pool at our institution by 33%. This was accomplished without short term adverse effect on organ function compared with kidneys transplanted from DBD donors.