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1.
AIDS Care ; 33(12): 1636-1641, 2021 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33443449

RESUMO

HIV-related stigma impedes adoption and implementation of effective HIV prevention and treatment strategies. It may also exacerbate racial/ethnic HIV disparities. Given high levels of religious observance within African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) communities and the social capital that faith-based organizations hold, these entities may be promising venues for stigma-remediation and effective partners in community-based, HIV-focused programing. However, more research is needed to understand HIV-related stigma in these institutions. This study examines HIV-related stigma among six ACB churches in Ontario, Canada. Surveys were distributed to ACB attendees (N = 316) and linear regressions determined relationships between HIV-related stigma and stigma subdomains with demographics, greater disagreement with same-sex relationships, HIV knowledge, and religiosity. Greater disagreement with same-sex relationships was the only variable associated with the HIV-related stigma scale and all of its subscales. Age, gender, HIV knowledge, religiosity, contact with persons living with HIV, and length of time in Canada were associated with varying aspects of HIV-related stigma. Findings can inform the development of HIV-related stigma interventions and the characteristics of individuals these efforts should target to achieve maximum impact.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Região do Caribe , Etnicidade , Humanos , Ontário/epidemiologia , Religião , Estigma Social
2.
Health Promot Int ; 36(2): 303-312, 2021 Apr 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32617568

RESUMO

In Canada, HIV disproportionately affects Black communities. Though Black faith leaders play an influential role engaging Black communities around social care and social justice, their response to HIV has been somewhat muted. Black PRAISE is a novel intervention for Black churches to strengthen congregants' critical awareness of HIV affecting Black communities. A multi-stakeholder team developed and tested the intervention in 2016 - 17 among six churches in the province of Ontario, where more than half of Black Canadians reside, using a community-based participatory approach. Specifically, the intervention aimed to strengthen how congregants understand HIV among Black communities and reduce their level of stigma toward people living with HIV. We addressed critical awareness among the participating congregations through (i) disseminating a booklet with validated information that promoted critical health literacy related to HIV; (ii) enabling pastors to deliver a sermon on love, compassion and social justice; and (iii) developing and screening a short film that featured Black Canadians discussing their experiences of HIV-related stigma. We assessed changes in knowledge and stigma by surveying congregants (N = 173) at baseline and two follow-ups using validated instruments and other measures. Through Black PRAISE, congregants significantly increased their HIV-related knowledge; moreover, exposure to all the intervention components was associated with a significantly reduced level of stigma. A likely strategic outcome of Black PRAISE is that churches are empowered to help strengthen Black people's community-based response to HIV and join efforts to eliminate the structural conditions that increase Black people's vulnerability to HIV.


Assuntos
Negro ou Afro-Americano , Infecções por HIV , Religião , Apoio Social , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Ontário , Estigma Social
3.
BMC Cancer ; 19(1): 264, 2019 Mar 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30909874

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma is a haematological malignancy characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. This study sought to develop an in-depth understanding of patients' lived experiences of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) and its treatment, and to identify which features of treatment were most important to them. METHODS: Qualitative interviews and focus groups (FGs) were conducted with 32 people living with RRMM across Canada. In Phase 1, interviews focused on participants' accounts of their experiences with the disease and its treatment and laid the groundwork for the FGs (Phase 2). The FGs developed a deeper understanding of patients' treatment priorities. Interview and FG transcripts were coded for emergent themes and patterns. RESULTS: The interviews identified important side effects that had significant impacts on patients' lives, including physical, cognitive, and psychological/emotional side effects. Participants also identified specific treatment features (attributes) that were important to them. These were compiled into a list and used in the FGs to understand patients' priorities. Higher prioritized attributes were: life expectancy, physical and cognitive side effects, and financial impact. Mode of administration, treatment intervals, psychological side effects, and sleep/mood effects were identified as lower priorities. CONCLUSIONS: RRMM and its treatments impact importantly on patients' quality-of-life across a range of domains. Patients prioritized treatment features that could enhance life expectancy, minimize side effects and offset financial burdens. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: A clear articulation of patient priorities can contribute to efforts to design treatment with patients' concerns in mind, thereby promoting a more patient-centered approach to care.


Assuntos
Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/psicologia , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Canadá , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Expectativa de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mieloma Múltiplo/psicologia , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Recidiva
4.
Qual Health Res ; 28(2): 175-188, 2018 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29182046

RESUMO

This article summarizes our deepened understanding of decolonizing research with, for, and by Indigenous peoples and peoples of African descent that emerged from conducting a scoping review of the methodological literature and reflecting on our review process. Although our review identified decolonizing methodologies as a promising approach, we questioned if our scoping review process engaged in decolonizing knowing. To unpack the epistemological tensions between decolonizing knowing and Western ways of doing scoping reviews, we engaged in individual and collective reflective processes- dialoguing with the tensions-moving from individual immersion in the literature to transformative dialogues among the team. In reflecting upon our tensions with the scoping review process, themes that emerged included (a) ontological/epistemological disjunctures, (b) tensions with concepts and language, and (c) relationships with the literature and beyond. This reflexive process provides valuable insight into ways in which review methods might be made a decolonizing research experience.


Assuntos
População Negra/etnologia , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/etnologia , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Projetos de Pesquisa , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto , Canadá , Características Culturais , Infecções por HIV/etnologia , Humanos , Conhecimento , Idioma
5.
Can J Diet Pract Res ; 79(2): 74-79, 2018 06 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29543495

RESUMO

Transgender people are an important group for whom access to healthcare is often problematic. Dietitians need to be aware of key issues in transgender health to provide culturally competent clinical nutritional care. This article serves as a primer, clarifying key terms and concepts, exploring the impact of stigma and discrimination on health and nutrition for people from transgender communities, and offering practical advice for nutritional and other related issues. Education for dietitians both pre- and postqualification is an important part of improving care and building skills and awareness of cultural humility. Transgender people may be at increased nutritional risk due to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, HIV, body image issues, and food insecurity. This risk profile, along with the history of trauma both outside and related to the medical community means that there is an urgent need for dietitians to develop practice tools for assessment, care, and referral to improve the nutritional status and well-being of this client group.


Assuntos
Assistência à Saúde Culturalmente Competente/métodos , Dietética/métodos , Terapia Nutricional/métodos , Pessoas Transgênero , Conscientização , Dietética/educação , Feminino , Abastecimento de Alimentos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Avaliação Nutricional , Necessidades Nutricionais , Estado Nutricional , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Fatores de Risco , Estigma Social
6.
BMC Med Ethics ; 18(1): 9, 2017 Feb 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28166775

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This is a study involving three HIV clinics in the Canadian provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador, and Manitoba. We sought to identify ethical issues involving health care providers and clinic clients in these settings, and to gain an understanding of how different ethical issues are managed by these groups. METHODS: We used an institutional ethnographic method to investigate ethical issues in HIV clinics. Our researcher conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews, compiled participant observation notes, and studied health records in order to document ethical issues in the clinics, and to understand how health care providers and clinic clients manage and resolve these issues. RESULTS: We found that health care providers and clinic clients have developed work processes for managing ethical issues of various types: conflicts between client-autonomy and public health priorities ("treatment as prevention"), difficulties associated with the criminalization of nondisclosure of HIV positive status, challenges with non-adherence to HIV treatment, the protection of confidentiality, barriers to treatment access, and negative social determinants of health and well-being. CONCLUSIONS: Some ethical issues resulted from structural disadvantages experienced by clinic clients. The most striking findings in our study were the negative social determinants of health and well-being experienced by some clinic clients - such as experiences of violence and trauma, poverty, racism, colonization, homelessness, and other factors affecting well-being such as problematic substance use. These negative determinants were at the root of other ethical issues, and are themselves of ethical concern.


Assuntos
Temas Bioéticos , Ética Clínica , Infecções por HIV/terapia , Relações Profissional-Paciente , Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial , Canadá , Confidencialidade , Crime , Revelação , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Cooperação do Paciente , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde
7.
Healthc Manage Forum ; 29(6): 255-259, 2016 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27744277

RESUMO

Antiretroviral therapy for HIV can be expensive if paid for out of pocket. In Canada, there are a variety of federal, provincial, and private prescription drug plans that lower the cost of these lifesaving medications for people living with HIV, and in some cases, these plans result in cost-free access. However, many people living with HIV must contend with high deductibles for their antiretroviral therapies, and many experience difficulty managing the administrative requirements of their drug plans. This article comments on some of the results of a qualitative study into ethical issues in HIV care. Access to antiretrovirals was a theme that emerged in this study. We argue on ethical grounds that provincial drug plans should guarantee cost-free access to antiretroviral therapies for people living with HIV with minimal administrative requirements.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/economia , Dedutíveis e Cosseguros , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Canadá , Custos e Análise de Custo , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Pesquisa Qualitativa
8.
Can Rev Sociol ; 61(1): 67-84, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38299705

RESUMO

A robust body of research has documented the representational politics of news coverage in their depiction of HIV-positive people charged for HIV non-disclosure. News media representations of HIV-negative sex partners in cases of HIV non-disclosure have received far less scholarly attention. Adopting a social constructionist perspective, this article identifies how "victims" of HIV non-disclosure are constructed in news media. It is based on a dataset consisting of 341 news articles on HIV non-disclosure from 14 English Canadian newspapers across the political spectrum. Victims of HIV non-disclosure were constructed as: (1) suffering horribly, (2) morally pure and virtuous, (3) vengeful and (4) agentic and responsible for their situation. We consider how such constructions are enmeshed within arguments that establish or reject HIV non-disclosure as a social problem. We then discuss the ways these constructions and the assumptions upon which they are based reflect broader discussions on the severity of HIV, the responsibility for HIV risk and exposure, and the contestations over the very nature of the social problem of HIV non-disclosure. Constructions of victims that uphold HIV criminalisation have relied on assumptions of HIV as a deadly disease but de-emphasise personal responsibility for HIV risk. By contrast, constructions of victims that, in effect, oppose HIV criminalisation have tended to minimise the harms of HIV and invoke personal responsibility for HIV risk. We suggest that both proponents and opponents of HIV criminalisation engage in the "ideology of victimhood" and thus participate in and reinforce what Best (1997) termed, the "victim industry."


De nombreux travaux de recherche ont mis en évidence les politiques de représentation de la couverture médiatique dans leur représentation des personnes séropositives accusées de ne pas avoir révélé leur séropositivité. Les représentations médiatiques des partenaires sexuels séronégatifs dans les cas de non-divulgation du VIH ont reçu beaucoup moins d'attention de la part des chercheurs. Adoptant une perspective constructionniste sociale, cet article identifie comment les « victimes ¼ de la non-divulgation du VIH sont construites dans les médias d'information. Elle est basée sur un ensemble de données comprenant 341 articles de presse sur la non-divulgation du VIH provenant de 14 journaux canadiens anglais de tous les horizons politiques. Les victimes de la non-divulgation du VIH ont été construites comme suit : (1) souffrant horriblement, (2) moralement pures et vertueuses, (3) vengeresses, et (4) agissantes et responsables de leur situation. Nous examinons la manière dont ces constructions sont imbriquées dans les arguments qui établissent ou rejettent la non-divulgation du VIH en tant que problème social. Les constructions de victimes qui soutiennent la criminalisation du VIH s'appuient sur des hypothèses selon lesquelles le VIH est une maladie mortelle, mais minimisent la responsabilité personnelle face au risque de VIH. En revanche, les conceptions des victimes qui s'opposent à la criminalisation du VIH ont tendance à minimiser les effets néfastes du VIH et à invoquer la responsabilité personnelle dans le risque d'infection. Nous suggérons que les partisans et les adversaires de la criminalisation du VIH s'engagent dans «l'idéologie de la victimisation¼ et participent ainsi à ce que Best (1997) a appelé «l'industrie de la victimisation et la renforcent.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Humanos , Canadá
9.
AIDS Behav ; 17(5): 1612-25, 2013 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22961581

RESUMO

Our objective was to identify all existing systematic reviews related to counselling, case management and health promotion for people living with HIV/AIDS. For the reviews identified, we assessed the quality and local applicability to support evidence-informed policy and practice. We searched 12 electronic databases and two reviewers independently assessed the 5,398 references retrieved from our searches and included 18 systematic reviews. Each review was categorized according to the topic(s) addressed, quality appraised and summarized by extracting key messages, the year searches were last completed and the countries in which included studies were conducted. Twelve reviews address topics related to counselling and case management (mean quality score of 6.5/11). Eight reviews (mean quality score of 6/11) address topics related to health promotion (two address both domains). The findings from this overview of systematic reviews provide a useful resource for supporting the development and delivery of evidence-informed support services in community settings.


Assuntos
Administração de Caso , Aconselhamento , Infecções por HIV/terapia , Promoção da Saúde , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Humanos
10.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities ; 8(2): 507-518, 2021 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32656731

RESUMO

We assess participants' experience of Black Pastors Raising Awareness and Insight of Stigma through Engagement (Black PRAISE), an intervention for Black churches to promote critical awareness of HIV affecting Black Canadian communities. We used a community-based participatory approach to implement Black PRAISE among six churches in the Greater Toronto Area and Ottawa, in October-November 2016. For the intervention, congregants received a booklet with validated HIV-related information, attended a sermon on compassion and justice, viewed a short film on HIV-related stigma, and completed baseline and follow-up surveys to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. We then conducted in-depth interviews with 18 pastors and congregants from the six churches to explore how they experienced the intervention. Three major themes emerged from an iterative exploration of the thematic content of the interviews: the beneficial impact of the intervention; reconciling the moral and theological issues of their faith with the social reality of HIV and stigma; and perspectives on future stigma reduction efforts. Participants spoke approvingly about Black PRAISE and supported stigma reduction but acknowledged uncertainties about their capacity to actualise their commitment. The main overarching lessons from Black PRAISE are as follows: first, our results support a community-based participatory approach to productively engaging Black congregations in stigma reduction and health promotion; second, promising or successful interventions incorporate multiple components to promote critical awareness about the specific health issue for Black life and wellbeing; and third, interventions are more likely to succeed if they support critical reflection on the underlying conceptual issues, implicit assumptions and belief systems among the professional and lay stakeholders.


Assuntos
População Negra/psicologia , Clero/psicologia , Infecções por HIV/etnologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde/etnologia , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , População Negra/estatística & dados numéricos , Canadá , Clero/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Humanos , Julgamento , Amor , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estigma Social , Adulto Jovem
11.
Int J Drug Policy ; 22(1): 56-62, 2011 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20952176

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Research on harm reduction has typically focused on broad-based or organisational strategies such as needle exchange and opiate substitute programmes. Less attention has been paid to the self-directed harm reduction practices of substance users themselves. Few studies have focused on sexual minority populations such as gay and bisexual men and fewer still on the marginalised groups that constitute these populations. This paper identifies self-directed harm reduction strategies among substance using ethno-racially diverse gay and bisexual men. METHODS: This article presents findings from the Party Drugs Study in Toronto's gay dance club scene, a community-based qualitative study in Toronto, Canada. We present a thematic analysis of interviews with 43 gay and bisexual men from diverse ethno-racial backgrounds about their substance use in the gay dance club scene. FINDINGS: We identify five self-directed harm reduction strategies: rationing, controlling or avoiding mixing, controlling quality, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and following guidelines during substance use. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss our findings in relation to prior research and to critical theory. We suggest that drug users' awareness of possible harm, and their personal investment in harm reduction, constitute a viable platform from which community-based and public health organisations may promote and strengthen harm reduction among gay and bisexual men from ethno-racially diverse backgrounds.


Assuntos
Bissexualidade , Usuários de Drogas/psicologia , Redução do Dano , Homossexualidade Masculina , Meio Social , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Povo Asiático/etnologia , Bissexualidade/etnologia , Região do Caribe/etnologia , Dança , Soropositividade para HIV/metabolismo , Hispânico ou Latino , Homossexualidade Masculina/etnologia , Humanos , Entrevista Psicológica , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do Pacífico , Controle de Qualidade , Comportamento Sexual , Parceiros Sexuais
12.
J Occup Environ Med ; 51(5): 612-9, 2009 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19369895

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of an indoor smoke-free bylaw in Toronto, Ontario, implemented June 2004. METHODS: We used a pre-post comparison design to assess secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among 79 eligible bar workers in Toronto, Ontario (bylaw enacted), and 49 eligible bar workers in a control community, Windsor, Ontario (no bylaw change), at four times: preban, and 1, 2, and 9 months postban. RESULTS: SHS exposure time and urinary cotinine level were substantially reduced in Toronto bar workers immediately after the ban by 94% (from 7.8 to 0.5 hours) and 68% (from 24.2 to 7.8 ng/mL), respectively. The reduction was sustained throughout follow-up. There was no change among Windsor bar workers before and after the ban. CONCLUSIONS: Compliance with the ban was high, and the ban led to a substantial reduction in SHS exposure.


Assuntos
Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/análise , Cotinina/urina , Indústria Alimentícia , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Fumar/urina , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/análise , Adulto , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/legislação & jurisprudência , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/prevenção & controle , Biomarcadores/urina , Cromatografia Líquida , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exposição Ocupacional/legislação & jurisprudência , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Ontário , Análise de Regressão , Fumar/legislação & jurisprudência , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/legislação & jurisprudência , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/legislação & jurisprudência , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/prevenção & controle , Adulto Jovem
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