Revised criteria for the assessment and interpretation of occlusal deviations in the deciduous dentition: a public health perspective.

Secondary data from a randomized sample of Brazilian preschool children were analyzed to evaluate the prevalence of occlusal deviations in the deciduous dentition that can adversely affect the permanent dentition, using revised criteria. Overjet and overbite used cut-off points described in the literature to exclude mild malocclusion cases. Overjet>3 mm and overbite>3 mm were present in 16% and 7% of the children, respectively. On the sagittal plane, only bilateral deviations were considered: molar relationship in distal step (9.7%) and mesial step (6%) and canine relationship class 2 (11%) and class 3 (2.9%). Regarding other occlusal deviations, severity criteria were not reported in the literature. Crude prevalence rates of openbite (27.9%), posterior crossbite (11.3%), and crowding in the maxillary arch (7%) and mandibular arch (11.3%) were recorded. The assessment of malocclusion in the deciduous dentition should focus on the severity of occlusal deviations for the identification of cases and non-cases that are relevant to public health. Need for further consensus and improvement in the interpretation of epidemiological data on malocclusion related to this developmental stage is emphasized.

Cytotoxicity, histopathological, microbiological and clinical aspects of an endodontic iodoform-based paste used in pediatric dentistry: a review.

This review aims at describing and comparing materials commonly used in root canal therapy, the cytotoxicity, histopathological, microbiological and clinical aspects ofa iodoform-based paste (Guedes-Pinto Paste-GPP) used in endodontic treatment of primary teeth. GPP has shown excellent biocompatibility to pulp fibroblasts and mild inflammatory reactions, having been well-tolerated by the periapical and connective tissues. Moreover, GPP bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects against many oral microorganisms were also demonstrated. Regarding clinical trials, the GPP technique has achieved success rates when considering clinical and radiographic examinations. In the face of all the above mentioned results, this paper would like to propose the use of this endodontic material as a root canal filling for primary teeth.

Antimicrobial action of a filling paste used in pulp therapy in primary teeth under different storage conditions.

OBJECTIVE: Compare the antimicrobial effectiveness of common antimicrobial paste immediately after pulp therapy and in different storage conditions. STUDY DESIGN: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis sample were used. The storage conditions utilized were: at room temperature--the paste was subjected to a natural aging process at room temperature for a 24-hour and 7, 14, 28, 60 and 90 day periods (GPRT). Refrigerator storage--the paste was placed to a natural aging process in a refrigerator at 4 degrees C for a 24 hour and 7.14, 28, 60 and 90 day periods (GPR). To perform the immediate effect analysis (GPi or zero time), of each mixture either at room or refrigerator temperature, the preparation procedure was similar, although GPR, iodoform, Rifocort and camphorated paramonochlorophenol were stored in the refrigerator and then taken out, dosed and manipulated, and had their immediate effect tested after a 1-week period at storage of 4 degrees C average temperature. The testing methodology was Dilution in Solid Medium-Agar. The Wilcoxon Test and Friedman variance analyses were used. RESULTS: The GP paste showed antimicrobial activity at all experimental times. CONCLUSION: The pastes presented antimicrobial effectiveness at all experimental times.

Ultrastructural and microbiological analysis of the dentin layers affected by caries lesions in primary molars treated by minimal intervention.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vivo study of primary teeth was to analyze the ultrastructure and microbiology of dentin layers affected by caries lesions before and after restorations with resin-modified glass ionomer. METHODS: Samples of carious dentin from primary teeth removed prior to restoration placement (baseline-0 day) were compared with samples taken after 30 and 60 days. Dentin from 8 primary molars was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dentin from 22 primary molars was examined microbiologically to compare bacteria (total of viable counts, Streptococcus spp, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp, and Actinomyces spp) before and after treatment (30 and 60 days). RESULTS: Baseline caries samples had enlarged dentinal tubules with bacteriol invasion. SEM samples after treatment suggest better tissue organization, with more compact collagen fibers arrangement and narrower dentinal tubules. The number of bacteria decreased in all samples at both 30 (98%) and 60 (96%) days, with all bacteria species showing similar trends. CONCLUSIONS: The minimal intervention approach is very effective to promote beneficial changes in the lesion environment and favorable conditions for the healing process in primary teeth.

Simultaneous activation technique: an alternative for bonding composite resin to glass ionomer.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new simultaneous activation technique (SAT)-for the union between glass ionomer cements and composite resins. METHODS: Forty primary molars were embedded in self-curing acrylic resin. Class I cavity preparations were performed on the dentin surface and the teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups (N = 10). Two groups were restored with the SAT and 2 by etching the ionomer surface/sandwich technique (ST). The materials tested were Vidrion F (SS/ White), Vitremer (3M), and Z100 (3M). After 24 hours in aqueous solution at 37 degrees C, a tensile test was performed. The microleakage study was also performed by selecting 40 primary molars which were distributed in the same way as in the bond strength test. Furthermore, 1 tooth from each group of the microleakage test was evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The SAT and ST did not show statistically significant differences in both tests. CONCLUSIONS: The SAT is a less complex, quicker, and feasible alternative for the bonding of glass ionomer cements to composite resins in primary molars.

Human enamel veneer restoration in a deciduous tooth: clinical case.

Trauma to deciduous anterior teeth, frequently occur in children, and the treatment is a big challenge for the pediatric dentistry. In these cases, besides the pain and discomfort provoked by the injury, both child and parents/persons responsible were eager to reconstruct the damage, as soon as possible. In modern operative restorative dentistry, no restorative material is able to substitute for the human dental enamel in quality, color and resistance. The aim of this paper is to relate the treatment of esthetic veneer (facet) of human dental enamel in a three-year-old child after trauma that caused concussion and accentuated color alteration. Clinical results showed an efficient esthetical resolution, revealing it to be a good alternative for treatment of traumatized anterior deciduous teeth.

In vitro effect of energy drinks on human enamel surface / Análise in vitro da ação de bebidas energéticas no esmalte dental humano

Introduction: Energy drinks (ED) possess low pH and citric acid in their composition, making them potentially erosive beverages that can contribute to the high dental erosion rates found currently in the general population and also in young people. Objective: To evaluate the mean pH and titratable acidity of commercial ED and the influence of a brand of ED on the superficial microhardness of human enamel. Material and method: Ten commercial ED were selected and the pH of two lots of each ED with and without gas was obtained. Acid titration was conducted with the addition of NaOH aliquots until the pH 7 was reached. Eighteen human enamel specimens were allocated in three groups (N=6), Red Bull (RB), Red Bull Light (RBL) and distilled water (C), submitted to an acid challenge with the ED, six consecutive times, with 12 hours intervals, during three days. Knoop microhardness was measured before and after the acid challenge. Result: All ED brands tested presented low pH levels ranging from 2.1 to 3.2. Regarding titratable acidity, it was found that the amount of base required promoting the neutralization of the solutions ranged from 1200μL to 3750μL. Samples of human enamel in the RB and RBL groups submitted to the acid challenge presented significantly decreased Knoop microhardness when compared with the group C. Conclusion: All ED examined have potential to promote mineral loss due to the low pH and high titratable acidity. The ED analyzed promoted significant mineral losses on the dental enamel surface.

Introdução: O potencial erosivo das bebidas energéticas (BE) devido ao baixo pH e à presença de ácido cítrico pode estar relacionado ao aumento dos índices de erosão dental da população em geral e especialmente, nos jovens. Objetivo: Verificar o pH e a titulação ácida de BE e a influência de uma marca de BE na microdureza superficial do esmalte. Material e método: Dez amostras de BE de diferentes marcas comerciais foram selecionadas. O pH de dois lotes de cada BE foi analisado, com e sem gás. A titulação ácida foi realizada com a adição de alíquotas de NaOH, até atingir pH 7,0. Dezoito amostras de esmalte dental humano foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos (n = 6), Red Bull (RB), Red Light Bull (RBL) e água destilada (C), submetidas a um desafio ácido com a BE, seis vezes consecutivas, com intervalos de 12 horas, durante três dias. A microdureza Knoop foi medida antes e depois do desafio ácido. Resultado: Todas as marcas de BE testadas apresentaram baixos níveis de pH, variando de 2,1 a 3,2. Em relação à titulação ácida, verificou-se que a quantidade de base necessária para promover a neutralização das soluções variou de 1200 μL a 3750 μL. Amostras de esmalte humano nos grupos RB e RBL submetidos ao desafio ácido apresentaram diminuição significativa da microdureza Knoop. Conclusão: Todas as BE examinadas apresentaram baixo pH e alta titulação ácida e, portanto, potencial para promover perda mineral. As BE analisadas promoveram perdas minerais significativas na superfície do esmalte dental.

Variability in the proportion of components of iodoform-based Guedes-Pinto paste mixed by dental students and pediatric dentists.

OBJECTIVE: Guedes-Pinto paste (GPP) is an iodoform paste used in most dental schools in Brazil. The paste is a composite of medicines (Rifocort , camphorated paramonochlorophenol [PMCC], and iodoform) used for endodontic treatment of primary teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proportion variability of GPP components when mixed by undergraduate dentistry students and pediatric dentists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was divided into 4 groups: G1 (15 undergraduate students), G2 (15 specialists in Pediatric Dentistry), G3 (15 professors with clinical activity), and G4 (7 professors-researchers). All volunteers prepared GPP according to the original specifications: the same visual proportion for each component. The components were weighed using an analytical balance and the percentage was calculated. RESULT: After normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and homogeneity tests (Levene test), the data were submitted to analysis of variance and intraclass correlation coefficient tests (P<0.05). The percentage means of each respective group were as follows: Rifocort 20.2%, 20.8%, 26.7%, 27.3%; camphorated PMCC 9.2%, 8.1%, 6.7%, 5.1%; and the iodoform 70.6%, 71.1%, 64.7%, 67.6%. There were no significant differences between groups for the component percentages. There was a high intraclass correlation coefficient (G1 0.945; G2 0.951; G3 0.921; and G4 0.870). CONCLUSION: The proportion of GPP was similar in all the groups, allowing us to conclude that ideal GPP proportion, based on the entire group mean, was 23.8% of Rifocort® ; 7.0% of camphorated PMCC; and 69.2% of iodoform.

Artificial methods of dentine caries induction: A hardness and morphological comparative study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the ability of two chemical and a microbiological methods to produce dentine caries lesions resembling naturally developed dentine caries lesions. DESIGN: Forty sound second primary molars were divided into four experimental groups according to the method to produce artificial caries lesions: (1) sound (negative control); (2) acidified gel; (3) pH-cycling; and (4) microbiological, all for 14 days. Ten second primary molars presenting natural dentine caries lesions comprised the (5) positive control group. After the artificial caries induction, all samples were longitudinally sectioned and polished in order to obtain Knoop microhardness values from 10 to 500microm depth from the bottom of the cavities. Morphological analysis of the surfaces was carried out by SEM. Hardness data were compared among the five experimental groups using One-Way ANOVA and post hoc SNK's test. RESULTS: The hardness values of chemically created caries-like lesions did not differ from that of natural caries lesions on shallower depths. The results indicated that chemical caries induction methods promote a superficial demineralization and that pH-cycling is more effective than acidified gel. The former, produced a thicker layer of demineralization, with similar hardness values than natural lesions. Despite the microbiological method provided an excessive softness of the primary dentine, this method presented morphology more comparable to natural lesions. CONCLUSIONS: pH-cycling is more appropriated to simulate a substrate that resembles affected caries dentine layer, after caries removal. The microbiological method seems more indicated to simulate a dentine caries lesion with an infected layer, previously to caries removal.

Effects of a glass-ionomer cement on the remineralization of occlusal caries--an in situ study.

This work evaluated the remineralization of demineralized enamel of pits and fissures of human third molars sealed with a glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX, GC Corporation--Japan) or with a Bis-GMA sealant (Delton--Dentsply). Ten volunteers participated in this in situ study that consisted of two thirty-day periods using intra-oral devices, with a weeks interval in between. Four experimental treatment procedures and one control were randomly assigned to the volunteers specimens: Group I, no treatment, control; Group II, artificial caries process; Group III, same treatment as Group II, but sealed with Delton (Dentsply); Group IV, same treatment as Group II, but sealed with Fuji IX (GC Corporation--Japan); Group V, same treatment as Group II and no sealing. Groups I and II were not submitted to the oral environment and served as controls. After a period of 30 days in the oral environment, the specimens were removed from the devices, embedded in acrylic resin, ground flat and polished. Then, Knoop hardness tests were performed, with a 25 g static load applied for 15 seconds. The measurements were made from the base of the fissure up to an opening of 600 microm, pre-established between the inclines of the cusps. Three indentations were then made, located at 25, 75, and 125 microm in depth from the outer enamel margin and 100 microm apart from each other (Micromet 2003). The Brieger F and Bonferronis tests were applied to the measurements. It was concluded that sealing with the glass ionomer cement Fuji IX was capable of making the enamel of pits and fissures more resistant by increasing the value of Knoop hardness.

Revised criteria for the assessment and interpretation of occlusal deviations in the deciduous dentition: a public health perspective

Secondary data from a randomized sample of Brazilian preschool children were analyzed to evaluate the prevalence of occlusal deviations in the deciduous dentition that can adversely affect the permanent dentition, using revised criteria. Overjet and overbite used cut-off points described in the literature to exclude mild malocclusion cases. Overjet > 3mm and overbite > 3mm were present in 16 percent and 7 percent of the children, respectively. On the sagittal plane, only bilateral deviations were considered: molar relationship in distal step (9.7 percent) and mesial step (6 percent) and canine relationship class 2 (11 percent) and class 3 (2.9 percent). Regarding other occlusal deviations, severity criteria were not reported in the literature. Crude prevalence rates of openbite (27.9 percent), posterior crossbite (11.3 percent), and crowding in the maxillary arch (7 percent) and mandibular arch (11.3 percent) were recorded. The assessment of malocclusion in the deciduous dentition should focus on the severity of occlusal deviations for the identification of cases and non-cases that are relevant to public health. Need for further consensus and improvement in the interpretation of epidemiological data on malocclusion related to this developmental stage is emphasized.(AU)

Dados secundários de uma amostra aleatória de pré-escolares brasileiros foram analisados com o objetivo de avaliar a prevalência de desvios oclusais na dentição decídua, que podem adversamente afetar a dentição permanente, com base em critérios revisados. Overjet e overbite apresentaram pontos de corte descritos na literatura para a remoção dos casos de má oclusão leve. Overjet > 3mm e overbite > 3mm afetaram 16 por cento e 7 por cento das crianças, respectivamente. No plano sagital foram consideradas apenas as taxas de desvios bilaterais: relação molar em degrau distal (9,7 por cento) e mesial (6,0 por cento); relação dos caninos Classe 2 (11,0 por cento) e Classe 3 (2,9 por cento). Para os demais desvios não foram relatados na literatura critérios de severidade. Valores brutos de mordida aberta anterior (27,9 por cento); mordida cruzada posterior (11,3 por cento); apinhamento dentário maxilar (7,0 por cento) e mandibular (11,3 por cento) foram registrados. A avaliação da má oclusão na dentição decídua deve considerar a severidade dos desvios para a identificação de casos e não-casos de relevância em saúde pública. Enfatiza-se a necessidade de maior consenso e melhora na interpretação de dados epidemiológicos sobre a má oclusão nesse estágio de desenvolvimento.(AU)

Revised criteria for the assessment and interpretation of occlusal deviations in the deciduous dentition: a public health perspective

Secondary data from a randomized sample of Brazilian preschool children were analyzed to evaluate the prevalence of occlusal deviations in the deciduous dentition that can adversely affect the permanent dentition, using revised criteria. Overjet and overbite used cut-off points described in the literature to exclude mild malocclusion cases. Overjet > 3mm and overbite > 3mm were present in 16 percent and 7 percent of the children, respectively. On the sagittal plane, only bilateral deviations were considered: molar relationship in distal step (9.7 percent) and mesial step (6 percent) and canine relationship class 2 (11 percent) and class 3 (2.9 percent). Regarding other occlusal deviations, severity criteria were not reported in the literature. Crude prevalence rates of openbite (27.9 percent), posterior crossbite (11.3 percent), and crowding in the maxillary arch (7 percent) and mandibular arch (11.3 percent) were recorded. The assessment of malocclusion in the deciduous dentition should focus on the severity of occlusal deviations for the identification of cases and non-cases that are relevant to public health. Need for further consensus and improvement in the interpretation of epidemiological data on malocclusion related to this developmental stage is emphasized.

Dados secundários de uma amostra aleatória de pré-escolares brasileiros foram analisados com o objetivo de avaliar a prevalência de desvios oclusais na dentição decídua, que podem adversamente afetar a dentição permanente, com base em critérios revisados. Overjet e overbite apresentaram pontos de corte descritos na literatura para a remoção dos casos de má oclusão leve. Overjet > 3mm e overbite > 3mm afetaram 16 por cento e 7 por cento das crianças, respectivamente. No plano sagital foram consideradas apenas as taxas de desvios bilaterais: relação molar em degrau distal (9,7 por cento) e mesial (6,0 por cento); relação dos caninos Classe 2 (11,0 por cento) e Classe 3 (2,9 por cento). Para os demais desvios não foram relatados na literatura critérios de severidade. Valores brutos de mordida aberta anterior (27,9 por cento); mordida cruzada posterior (11,3 por cento); apinhamento dentário maxilar (7,0 por cento) e mandibular (11,3 por cento) foram registrados. A avaliação da má oclusão na dentição decídua deve considerar a severidade dos desvios para a identificação de casos e não-casos de relevância em saúde pública. Enfatiza-se a necessidade de maior consenso e melhora na interpretação de dados epidemiológicos sobre a má oclusão nesse estágio de desenvolvimento.

Pulpotomy in human deciduous teeth and bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) / Pulpotomia em dentes decíduos humanos e proteína morfogenética do osso (rh BMP-2)

OBJECTIVES: Recent studies of pulpotomy and direct pulp capping using bone morphogeneticprotein (BMP) in the teeth of animals have indicated a role for BMP in the induction and biologicalproduction of dentin. The aim of this study was to observe painful reactions and signs of clinicaland radiographic pathological alterations in human deciduous teeth, as well as to histologicallyexamine pulp tissue after the use of recombinant human BMP-2 in a collagen scaffold. MATERIALAND METHOD: Five deciduous teeth for which pulpotomy had been indicated were studied.rhBMP-2 was placed in the pulp chamber of the teeth, and they were then filled using compositeresin. In two teeth that exfoliated, histological examinations were performed. RESULTS: Aftertwelve months, we observed 100% clinical and radiographic success, with no detectableabnormalities. On the histological sections, areas of inflammation, pulp necrosis and internalreabsorption, as well as the formation of tissue resembling osteodentin in the radicular portion,were observed. CONCLUSIONS: It could be concluded that the absence of symptomatologyand clinical and radiographic alterations suggests that rhBMP-2 is a material with inductive propertiesthat should be further investigated for use as an alternative to pulpotomy treatment.

OBJETIVOS: A proposta deste estudo foi observar as reações álgicas, sinais de alteraçõespatológicas (clínica e radiográfica) e examinar histologicamente o tecido pulpar de molaresdecíduos humanos, após o uso de BMP-2 recombinante humano em arcabouço de colágeno.MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram utilizados cinco molares decíduos de crianças entre oito edez anos, com indicação de pulpotomia. Após execução da técnica, na câmara foi acomodadaa rhBMP-2 em colágeno e o dente restaurado com resina composta. Estes pacientes foramacompanhados durante doze meses, dois dentes que esfoliaram foram realizados exameshistológicos (H.E.). RESULTADOS: Após este período observou-se sucesso clínico eradiográfico de 100%, pois nenhuma anormalidade foi detectada. Foram observadas noscortes histológicos, áreas de inflamação, necrose pulpar e reabsorção interna, também formaçãode tecido semelhante a osteodentina. CONCLUSÕES: Pode-se concluir que as ausências desintomas e de alterações clínicas e radiográficas sugerem que as rhBMP-2 em arcabouço decolágeno são materiais com propriedades indutivas que devem ser melhor pesquisadas paraque se tornem alternativa para as pulpotomias.

Trajeto da lima endodôntica nos canais de molares decíduos versus reabsorção fisiológica / Route of endodontic file into root canal in deciduous molars versus physiological resorption

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi correlacionar a localização das reabsorções fisiológicas da face interna das raízes mais próximo as do germe do pré-molar de molares superiores decíduos e o comportamento de limas introduzidas nos condutos radiculares. Foram selecionados 37 molares decíduos superiores com sinais de reabsorção radicular nas regiões apical, mediana ou próxima à bifurcação. Dos molares selecionados, a maioria apresentava três raízes, nas quais cento e seis condutos radiculares estavam em condições para o estudo. Após abertura ampla da câmara pulpar, uma lima levemente curvada compatível com diâmetro do canal era introduzida até a região apical com o objetivo de verificar se esta saía pela reabsorção ou se acompanhava o trajeto original do conduto. Para avaliação estatística, aplicou-se o teste estatístico exato de Fisher (p=0,05). Os resultados demonstraram que quando a reabsorção radicular estava localizada próxima da região de furca, a frequência que a lima saia por esse orifício foi estatisticamente maior quando comparada as raizes em que a reabsorção se localizava nas regiões mediana ou apical Assim, pode-se recomendar que a instrumentação de molares decíduos em que a reabsorção radicular se localiza próxima a região de furca, deve ser muito bem avaliada, visto que há maior possibilidade da lima sair do conduto por esse orifício.

The aim of the present study was to correlate the localization of physiological resorption in root of maxillary deciduous molars and the behavior of the file introduced into root canal. A total of 37 maxillary deciduous molars with root resorption in different places apical, median or near to bifurcation were selected. Most of the teeth presented three roots and 106 root canal were in condition for this study. After accessing the pulpal cavity, the selected file was curved and gently introduced into root canal until the apical region. The main of this procedure was to observe if the file leaves the interior of the teeth by the resorption cavity or by the apical fora me. Fisher's exact test was used to analyze difference between groups (p=0,05). The results showed that when the resorption occurred near to the bifurcation the file tendency was leave the root canal by the resorption cavity when compared to the others groups resorption in median and apical regions. Although, the instrumentation on deciduous molars has to be very carefully analyzed when the physiological resorption occurs near to the bifurcation region. That is important because during this procedure, the file can leave the root canal by the resorption cavity.

Effects of a glass-ionomer cement on the remineralization of occlusal caries: an in situ study

Esta pesquisa avaliou a remineralização do esmalte de fóssulas e fissuras de terceiros molares humanos previamente desmineralizados e selados com um cimento de ionômero de vidro (Fuji IX, GC Corporation - Japão) ou com um selante de Bis-GMA (Delton-Dentsply). Dez voluntários participaram deste estudo in situ que consistiu de dois períodos de 30 dias com intervalo de 1 semana entre eles, usando dispositivos intra-orais. Quatro procedimentos de tratamento experimental e um controle foram aleatoriamente distribuídos entre os espécimes que foram usados pelos voluntários: Grupo I, sem qualquer tratamento, controle; Grupo II, processo de cárie artificial; Grupo III, igual ao Grupo II, porém selados com Delton (Dentsply); Grupo IV, igual ao Grupo II, porém selados com Fuji IX (GC Corporation - Japão); Grupo V, igual ao Grupo II, mas sem selamento. Os Grupos I e II não foram submetidos ao meio bucal e serviram de controle. Após um período de trinta dias no meio bucal, os espécimes foram removidos dos dispositivos, montados em resina acrílica, planificados e polidos. Realizaram-se então testes de Dureza Knoop com carga estática de 25 g por 15 segundos. As medidas foram realizadas desde a base da fissura até uma abertura de 600 µm, preestabelecida entre os planos inclinados das cúspides. A cada 100 µm, três penetrações foram realizadas: a primeira a 25 µm da superfície da fissura, a segunda a 75 µm, e a terceira a 125 µm (Micromet 2003). Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes "F" de Brieger e de Bonferroni. Concluiu-se que o selamento com o cimento de ionômero de vidro Fuji IX foi capaz de tornar o esmalte de sulcos e fissuras mais resistente pelo aumento do valor de dureza Knoop.

Avaliação in vitro da influência do polimento superficial de resina acrílica para aparelhos ortodônticos na adesão e remoção de Streptococcus mutans / In vitro evaluation of the influence of resin acrylic surface polishing for orthodontic appliances on adhesion and removal of Streptococcus mutans

No presente estudo, foi realizada análise microbiológica in vitro da superfície interna de placas para arcadas superiores, confeccionadas em resina acrílica utilizadas em aparelhos ortodônticos. Procurou-se avaliar se o fator polimento químico e polimento mecânico estavam associados à adesão microbiana de Streptococcus mutans. Também foi analisada a limpeza química e mecânica dos aparelhos. Na pesquisa, foram examinados 48 aparelhos, divididos em 3 grupos, sendo que cada grupo foi subdividido em 2 subgrupos, referente aos tipos distintos de polimento. O Grupo 1 serviu como controle; no Grupo 2 foi realizado a higienização mecânica das placas em resina acrílica, através da limpeza com escova para prótese total (Denture Brush, Kolynos) e no Grupo 3 realizou-se a higienização dos aparelhos através de 30 minutos de imersão em solução de perborato de sódio(Limpador Efervescente de Próteses e Aparelhos Ortodônticos, Farmácia Fórmula & Ação). Pelos resultados estatísticos, através de análise descritiva, conclui-se que o tipo de polimento realizado na face interna da resina acrílica não influencia a adesão de Streptococcus mutans. A análise inferencial, realizada através de compareções entre os grupos avaliados, indica que houve redução na remoção do biofilme formado pela contaminação por Streptococcus mutans nos grupos, sendo que a utilização do limpador químico foi mais eficiente do que a limpeza mecânica através da escovação. Não houve, entretanto, diferenças entre os subgrupos, o que confirma que o tipo de polimento (químico e mecânico) não interfere na adesão e remoção de Streptococcus mutans

Influência do modo de armazenamento na microinfiltraçäo de dentes decíduos restaurados com diferentes sistemas adesivos: estudo in vitro / Influence of the method of storage on the microleakage of primary teeth restored with different bonding systems: in vitro study

Foi avaliada, in vitro, a influência do modo de armazenamento e de dois tipos de adesivos dentinários sobre a microinfiltraçäo nas paredes axiais e cervicais de dentes decíduos restaurados com resina composta. As amostras foram divididas de acordo com o modo com que foram armazenadas e os grupos foram classificados em: Congelado, Hidratado e Desidratado. O grupo Congelado foi mantido no "freezer", em soluçäo fisiológica, o grupo Hidratado foi armazenado em soluçäo fisiológica em geladeira e o grupo Desidratado foi mantido seco. Foram realizados preparos tipo "slots" verticais: ocluso-mesial e ocluso-distal. Nos preparos ocluso-mesiais, utilizou-se o adesivo Scotchbond Multi-Uso e nos ocluso-distais o Prime & Bond 2.1, sendo todos restaurados com resina composta Solitaire. Após termociclagem, foram imersos em corante e os valores de microinfiltraçäo mensurados através de sistema de imagens digitalizadas e submetidos à análise de variância. Os resultados demonstraram que o modo de armazenamento näo apresentou influência estatisticamente significante na microinfiltraçäo das restauraçöes. A microinfiltraçäo na parede cervical foi significantemente maior que na parede axial, com segurança de 99,9 por cento. Os adesivos utilizados näo apresentaram influência significante na microinfiltraçäo, nas diferentes formas de armazenamento estudadas. Porém, houve diferença estatisticamente significante nas amostras do grupo Desidratado, com o adesivo Prime & Bond 2.1, considerando as margens da restauraçäo (axial e cervical)

Avaliação do selamento de lesões de cárie em dentina de dentes decíduos / Evaluation of sealant application on dentin caries lesion in deciduous teeth

A aplicação de selante sobre a lesão cariosa tem por objetivo a paralização ou alteração da sua progressão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e comparar duas condutas frente a lesões de cárie oclusais atingindo a metade externa de dentina. Depois da aprovação do comitê de ética da Uniararas (parecer 028-2006), foi realizado um estudo clínico randomizado envolvendo 23 molares decíduos de pacientes com idades entre cinco e nove anos. Esses dentes foram divididos, aleatoriamente, em dois grupos: GI - Aplicação de selante resinoso, sem prévia remoção do tecido cariado (n=12) e GII - Restauração convencional com resina composta, após remoção total do tecido cariado com uso de evidenciador de cárie (n=11). Os pacientes foram acompanhados clínica e radiograficamente por 12 meses, sendo observada a integridade clínica do material utilizado em cada grupo e o aumento ou não da área radiolúcida da lesão com auxílio de radiografia interproximais padronizadas. Somente um dos casos do G1 estava ausente no ato de reavaliação e todas as outras restaurações de ambos os grupos mostram-se íntegras durante 12 meses. Observou-se que em 100% dos casos não houve progressão da lesão radiograficamente tanto no G1 como no G2. Conclui-se que o selamento de lesões cariosas em metade externa de dentina pode ser utilizado como alternativa na prática odontopediátrica.

The sealant application on dentin caries lesion has for objective to paralyze or reduce the progression of this lesion. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare two techniques in outer dentine: no caries removal and sealing and the conventional filling after total removal of the caries dentin. After Uniararas Ethical committee approval (028-2006), a randomized controlled trial involving 23 decidous teeth of patients with age between 5 and 9 years old was carried out. These teeth had been split in 2 groups = Group I, sealing soft dentin with no caries removal in 12 teeth and Group II, where the conventional filling with composite resin in 11 teeth was made, after complete caries removal with aid of dye solution (Videocare). The patients had been followed by clinical and bite - wings x-ray for 12 months, evaluating the integrity of the material used in each group and the progression of the caries lesion. Only one if the sealants of group 1 wasn't present in the clinical appointment, but every others restorations of bough groups were perfect after 12 months. It was observed that in 100% of the cases in did not have progression of the caries lesion in bough groups, leading to belive that the sealants of soft dentine could be consider to use as routine.

Factores que pueden generar miedo al tratamiento estomatológico en niños de 2 a 4 años de edad / Factors that may generate fear to dental treatment in children aged 2-4

Se estudiaron los factores que más influyeron en la aparición del miedo al tratamiento estomatológico en niños de 2 a 4 años de edad, apoyados en las encuestas y en la primera visita al estomatólogo. Se encuestaron 50 niños cubanos con sus madres y 27 estomatólogos en relación con los factores que pueden generar miedo al tratamiento estomatológico. Como resultado se obtuvo que: los niños con buen estado de salud se comportaron mejor en la consulta que aquellos que se enferman con frecuencia; la separación de los padres como factor emocional influyó en el miedo al tratamiento dental; la mayoría de las madres se mostraron ansiosas en el momento de la consulta y ante la separación de los hijos; existían estomatólogos con pocos años de experiencia en el trabajo con niños y que no habían recibido cursos de superación en Psicología Infantil y Odontopediatría. El comportamiento del niño fue más difícil ante la separación materna, en lo que contribuyeron las características psicológicas propias de la edad y la ansiedad materna a la hora de la consulta. Se encontró que hubo muchos niños con reacción negativa a la separación de la madre y que a medida que aumentó la edad, el comportamiento del niño en el consultorio estomatológico, la ansiedad materna a la separación del hijo y la ansiedad del niño a la separación de la mamá, disminuyeron(AU)

The factors influencing the most on the appearance of fear to dental treatment in children aged 2-4 were studied based on the surveys and on the first visit to the stomatologist. 50 Cuban children with their mothers and 27 stomatologists were surveyed about the factors that may provoke this fear. It was observed that children in good health behaved better at the stomatologist's office than those getting sick frequently. The parents' separation influenced as an emotional factor on fear to dental treatment. Most of the mothers felt anxious at the time of consultation and on being separated from their children. There were stomatologists with a few years of experience and that had not received upgrading courses of Child Psychology and Odontopediatrics. The child's behavior was more difficult when he was separated from the mother. The characteristics inherent to the age and the mother's anxiety at the time of consultation contributed to it. It was found that many children had a negative reaction to the separation from their mothers and that as the age increases the mother and the child's anxiety to be separated from each other decreased(AU)