Identification of two cassava receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase genes related to disease resistance via genome-wide and functional analysis.

Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) play important roles in various developmental processes and stress responses in plants. Whereas, the detailed information of this family in cassava has not clear yet. In this study, A total of 322 MeRLCK genes were identified in the cassava genome, and they could be divided into twelve clades (Clades I-XII) according to their phylogenetic relationships. Most RLCK members in the same clade have similar characteristics and motif compositions. Over half of the RLCKs possess cis-elements in their promoters that respond to ABA, MeJA, defense reactions, and stress. Under Xpm11 infection, the expression levels of four genes show significant changes, suggesting their involvement in Xpm11 resistance. Two RLCK (MeRLCK11 and MeRLCK84) genes potentially involved in resistance to cassava bacterial blight were identified through VIGS experiments. This work laid the foundation for studying the function of the cassava RLCK genes, especially the genes related to pathogen resistance.

Effect of temperature and water potential on the germination of seeds from three different populations of Bidens pilosa as a potential Cd hyperaccumulator.

BACKGROUND: Bidens pilosa L., an annual herb, has recently been shown to be a potential Cd-hyperaccumulating plant. The germination characteristics of B. pilosa have been documented, while the difference among populations remains unclear. Understanding variability in seed germination among populations is crucial for determining which populations to use for soil remediation programs. RESULTS: Present study was conducted to compare the requirements of temperature and water potential for germination of B. pilosa cypselae (the central type, hereafter seeds) from three populations using the thermal time, hydrotime, and hydrothermal time models. Seeds of three populations were incubated at seven constant temperatures (8, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C) and at each of four water potentials (0, -0.3, -0.6, and -0.9 MPa). The results showed that germination percentage and rate of B. pilosa seeds were significantly by population, temperature, water potential and their interaction except for the interaction of population and water potential. Seeds from Danzhou population displayed a higher base temperature (Tb) for germination than those from Guilin and Baoshan population, however the ceiling temperature (Tc) had no consistent level among the populations but varied according to the water potential. In addition, the median base water potential [ψb(50)] for germination of seeds from Danzhou population was higher than that for seeds from Baoshan and Guilin population at low temperatures (< 25 °C), which was opposite at high temperatures (≥ 25 °C). CONCLUSION: Seed germination requirements of B. pilosa on temperature and water differed significantly among populations. Differences in seed germination among populations may be complicated, which could not be simply explained by the temperature and rainfall conditions where the seeds were produced as previously reported. The results suggested that programme management should consider variation in seed germination traits when select which population could be applied to what kind of target remediation sites.

[The clinical treatment of laryngotracheal rupture injury].

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of laryngotracheal rupture injury and management of related complications. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 10 patients with laryngotracheal rupture injury caused by trauma, admitted between October 2014 and October 2022. Results:Anti-shock treatment, local debridement, tracheal-cricoid cartilage or tracheal-tracheal anastomosis, laryngeal cartilage reduction and fixation, local transposition flaps repair and phase-Ⅱ airway reconstruction were performed respectively on 10 patients. Nine patients underwent operations of tracheal-cricoid cartilage or tracheal-tracheal anastomosis, with five of these were performed by cartilage broken reduction and fixation, placed with intraluminal stents of iodoform gauze fingerstalls for （8.2±1.6） days. Tracheal reconstruction surgery was performed on 2 cases during phase-Ⅱ and both were placed with T-shaped silicone tube to support for 3 months. Two cases required tracheoesophageal fistula surgical repair, and vocal cord suturing was conducted for three vocal fold injuries. Anti-shock treatment was given to one emergency case and closed thoracic drainage treatment was given to another one. We removed the tracheal cannula from 10 patients after surgery and one case was diagnosed with Ⅰ-level swallowing function of sub-water test. All cases recovered to take food per-orally. Conclusion:Maintenance of circulation and respiration functions is the major target during early treatment of laryngotracheal rupture. It should strive to complete the reconstruction of airway structure on phase-Ⅰ, among which end-to-end anastomosis to reconstruct airway and broken laryngeal cartilage reduction and fixation are the vital methods for airway structure reconstruction to achieve good results. It is suggested that the reconstruction of trachea and esophagus structures should be performed simultaneously to patients with tracheoesophageal fistula.

Genome-wide identification and expression of TIFY family in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz).

Plant-specific TIFY [TIF(F/Y)XG] proteins serve important roles in the regulation of plant stress responses. This family encodes four subfamilies of proteins, JAZ (JASMONATE ZIM-domain), PPD (PEAPOD), ZML (Zinc-finger Inflorescence-like), and TIFY. In this work, a total of 16 JAZ, 3 PPD, 7 ZML, and 2 TIFY genes were found in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) at the genome-wide level. The phylogenetics, exon-intron structure, motif organization, and conserved domains of these genes were analyzed to characterize the members of the JAZ, PPD, and ZML subfamilies. Chromosome location and synteny analyses revealed that 26 JAZ, PPD, and ZML genes were irregularly distributed across 14 of the 18 chromosomes, and 18 gene pairs were implicated in large-scale interchromosomal segmental duplication events. In addition, JAZ, PPD, and ZML gene synteny comparisons between cassava and three other plant species (Arabidopsis, Populus trichocarpa, and rice) uncovered vital information about their likely evolution. The prediction of protein interaction network and cis-acting elements reveal the function of JAZ, PPD, and ZML genes. Subsequently, expression patterns of JAZ, PPD, and ZML genes were validated by qRT-PCR as being expressed in response to osmotic, salt, and cadmium stress. Moreover, almost all JAZ subfamily genes were responsive to jasmonic acid (JA) treatment. In particular, MeJAZ1, MeJAZ13, and MeJAZ14, were highly up-regulated by three treatments, and these genes may deserve further study. This comprehensive study lays the groundwork for future research into TIFY family genes in cassava and may be valuable for genetic improvement of cassava and other related species.