Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 36
Filtrar
1.
Science ; 191(4231): 1052-3, 1976 Mar 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1251215

RESUMO

Ciliary ovum transport through the oviductal ampulla was investigated, in vivo, by blocking smooth muscle activity. Isoproterenol eliminated rapid muscle-induced egg movements, yet the egg and its surrounding cells reached the site of fertilization within normal time limits. The role of cilia in ovum transport thus seems more important than that of the smooth muscle.


Assuntos
Tubas Uterinas/fisiologia , Transporte do Óvulo , Animais , Cílios/fisiologia , Estrogênios/farmacologia , Feminino , Isoproterenol/farmacologia , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Coelhos
2.
Obstet Gynecol ; 73(4): 622-30, 1989 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2927857

RESUMO

We examined two groups of infertile women who underwent microsurgical repair of their fallopian tube(s) for distal tubal obstruction, one with a history of salpingitis (overt pelvic inflammatory disease) (N = 34) and one without (silent pelvic inflammatory disease) (N = 25). Nine women with normal tubes undergoing hysterectomy and salpingectomy served as controls. Tubal biopsy specimens were studied by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy to assess tubal damage. Morphologic damage was scored 0-9, with 0 representing normal tubal architecture and 9 assigned to severe tubal damage. The mean score (+/- SEM) in women with overt pelvic inflammatory disease was 4.2 +/- 0.4; in women with silent pelvic inflammatory disease, 4.3 +/- 0.4; and in the control group, 0.76 +/- 0.2 (P less than .001). Fallopian tube abnormalities seen in women with overt and silent pelvic inflammatory disease included flattened mucosal folds, extensive deciliation, and degeneration of secretory epithelial cells, morphologic changes that are similar to the cellular changes observed in our experimental Chlamydia trachomatis infections in monkeys. Laser light-scattering spectroscopy was used to measure the ciliary activity of the epithelial cells. Ciliary beat frequency was significantly reduced in women with overt pelvic inflammatory disease (N = 13; f = 6.4 +/- 1.2 Hz) and in women with silent pelvic inflammatory disease (N = 11; f = 7.2 +/- 1.2 Hz) as compared with the controls (N = 5; f = 23.4 +/- 1.5 Hz) (P less than .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Assuntos
Tubas Uterinas/ultraestrutura , Infertilidade Feminina/etiologia , Salpingite/complicações , Adulto , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Biópsia , Infecções por Chlamydia/patologia , Chlamydia trachomatis/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Mucosa/patologia , Salpingite/patologia
3.
Fertil Steril ; 26(3): 248-56, 1975 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1167834

RESUMO

We investigated the influence of estrogen on the contractile activity of smooth muscle in the nonpregnant female reproductive tract, using as a model isolated strips of mesotubarium superius (MTS) removed from the rabbit oviduct. We studied four physiologic states in which muscular activity was influenced to varying degrees by endogenous estrogen. Normal estrous (estrogen dominated) rabbits were used as controls. We observed decreased activity in MTS from rabbits chronically deprived of estrogen (60) days postovariectomy). However, a dramatic increase in activity occurred in response to acute withdrawal of ovarian function (12 hours postovariectomy). An increase in activity also occurred at the time of ovulation. We concluded that acute withdrawal of endogenous estrogen is a potent stimulus to reproductive smooth muscle in the female rabbit and that it might contribute to increased muscular activity at ovulation.


Assuntos
Estrogênios/fisiologia , Tubas Uterinas/fisiologia , Animais , Castração , Gonadotropina Coriônica/farmacologia , Estradiol/farmacologia , Estro , Feminino , Técnicas In Vitro , Injeções Intravenosas , Contração Muscular , Músculo Liso/fisiologia , Ovário/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovulação , Gravidez , Coelhos , Tetrodotoxina/administração & dosagem , Tetrodotoxina/farmacologia , Fatores de Tempo
4.
Fertil Steril ; 36(6): 808-13, 1981 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7308526

RESUMO

Long-term hydrosalpinges were mechanically induced in rabbits by ligation of the fimbriated end of the oviduct. The structure and function of these model hydrosalpinges were studied 28 to 52 weeks following ligation. This procedure caused a nonpurulent, clear serous fluid to accumulate within the lumen of the ampulla, which resulted in dilatation of the ampulla and thinning of the tubal wall. The intraluminal mucosal folds were attenuated in the expanded regions; however, normal ciliation was predominant throughout the endosalpinx. Two rabbits, one with a single distal tubal ligation and the other with double ampullary ligation, showed abnormal epithelium with distinct patches of flattened polygon-shaped, nonciliated cells. In vivo and in vitro observations of luminal transport of surrogate ova in cumulus showed that ciliary transport was not affected by the long-term gross distension of the ampullae. The authors conclude that long-term tubal dilatation by itself does not alter tubal morphology sufficiently to impair ovum transport function in the oviductal ampulla.


Assuntos
Cílios/fisiologia , Doenças das Tubas Uterinas/fisiopatologia , Animais , Transporte Biológico , Dilatação Patológica/fisiopatologia , Doenças das Tubas Uterinas/patologia , Tubas Uterinas/fisiopatologia , Tubas Uterinas/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Ligadura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Coelhos , Fatores de Tempo
5.
Fertil Steril ; 35(3): 355-8, 1981 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7202763

RESUMO

Experiments were conducted in nine New Zealand White rabbits to determine the functional capacity of that part of the oviduct consisting of only the isthmus and proximal ampulla. The left fimbria and at least one-half of the adjoining ampulla were excised microsurgically and the remaining portion of the proximal ampulla was subjected to a cuff salpingostomy. Following a convalescence of 4 to 8 weeks and gonadotropin-induced ovulation, direct observations in vivo showed tht the modified oviduct was ineffective in transporting surrogate cumulus masses into the tubal lumen. Those surrogates that were accepted were in some cases regurgitated by contractions of the residual proximal ampulla. A subsequent in vitro search for ova proved that the modified oviducts were unsuccessful in retrieving ipsilaterally ovulated ova, whereas the contralateral control oviducts apprehended an average of 72% of those available. Scanning electron microscopy showed the everted mucosa of the proximal ampulla to be less richly endowed with cilia than that of the normal fimbria. This ovum capture appeared to be prevented by deficiencies in both the ciliary mechanism of the neofimbria and the ability of the remaining ampulla to retain the egg. This evidence indicates that the proximal ampulla is unsuitable for reconstruction of a functional fallopian tube.


Assuntos
Tubas Uterinas/cirurgia , Animais , Constrição , Tubas Uterinas/fisiopatologia , Tubas Uterinas/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Transporte do Óvulo , Coelhos , Fatores de Tempo
6.
Fertil Steril ; 35(1): 69-73, 1981 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7461156

RESUMO

Ligation of the ovarian end of the oviduct was used to induce hydrosalpinges in rabbits and monkeys. This procedure resulted in an accumulation of clear serous fluid within the lumen and distention of the ampullary wall. The ampullary endosalpinx responded with a general flattening of the surface architecture, especially a decrease in the prominence of the longitudinal mucosal folds. However, this flattened epithelial surface showed normal ciliation. Two to five months after ligation, direct observations were made in vivo of luminal transport of cumulus egg masses and surrogates. These observations were followed by study in vitro of ciliary currents on the exposed luminal surface. The results demonstrated conclusively that tubal dilatation had no adverse effect on cilia-mediated ovum transport within the ampulla. The implication of these results in terms of tubal infertility is discussed.


Assuntos
Doenças das Tubas Uterinas/fisiopatologia , Tubas Uterinas/ultraestrutura , Transporte do Óvulo , Animais , Cílios/fisiologia , Dilatação Patológica , Doenças das Tubas Uterinas/etiologia , Feminino , Macaca fascicularis , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Coelhos
7.
Fertil Steril ; 32(6): 687-90, 1979 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-510570

RESUMO

Surgical alteration of rabbit oviducts was employed to investigate the mechanisms of ovum transport. Resection of a 5- to 10-mm segment of midampulla was followed by microsurgical end-to-end anastomosis. One to two months later, direct observations were made, in situ, of ampullary egg transport. Stained cumulus masses were transported normally to the site of anastomosis: two-thirds of those studied were delayed at that point for an average of 2 1/2 minutes. Normal transport then resumed and continued to the ampullo-isthmic junction. In all but one instance, blockage of muscular activity with isoproterenol prevented transport beyond the anastomosis site, demonstrating the presence of an obstacle to ciliary transport. These studies reveal an important facilitative role for muscle in improving the reliability of ampullary egg transport. Considering species differences in egg transport mechanisms, it is suggested that ampullary-ampullary anastomosis in women might have a poor prognosis for re-establishing fertility.


Assuntos
Tubas Uterinas/fisiologia , Transporte do Óvulo , Animais , Tubas Uterinas/cirurgia , Feminino , Isoproterenol/farmacologia , Transporte do Óvulo/efeitos dos fármacos , Coelhos
8.
Fertil Steril ; 32(6): 691-6, 1979 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-510571

RESUMO

The endosalpinx of both normal and microsurgically reconstructed ampullae in rabbit oviducts was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy following ovum transport studies. Tall, longitudinal mucusal folds ran continuously throughout the lumina of normal ampullae and were clearly interrupted at the incision site in the reconstructed oviducts. In both normal and surgically repaired tubes the endosalpinx was covered with long, slender cilia and bulbous processes of secretory cells with microvillous surfaces. Intracellular examination of these epithelial cells suggested no abnormal structure or function. These observations indicate that the epithelium on the severed ends of the endosalpinx healed completely within 1 month following ampullary anastomosis. Since no luminal obstruction was observed, the interruption and misalignment of the mucosal folds appear to be the cause of the impaired ciliary transport of cumulus masses observed in these oviducts. When species differences in tubal structure and function are considered, it appears likely that ampullary-ampullary anastomosis could hinder egg transport and fertility in women.


PIP: Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the endosalpinx of both normal and microsurgically reconstructed ampullae in rabbit oviducts; the ampullae examined had been used in ovum transport studies. The lumina of normal ampullae showed tall longitudinal mucosal folds which ran continuously throughout the organ; these mucosal folds were clearly interrupted at the site of incision in reconstructed specimens. In both normal and surgically repaired tubes, long slender cilia and bulbous processes of secretory cells with microvillous surfaces covered the endosalpinx. These epithelial cells showed no abnormal structure or function upon intracellular examination. Therefore, it seems that the epithelium on the severed ends of the endosalpinx healed completely within 1 month of ampullary reanastomosis. The interruption and resulting misalignment of the mucosal folds seem responsible for the impaired ciliary transport of cumulus masses through oviducts since no luminal obstruction was observed. Though these experiments were performed in rabbit oviducts, it seems likely that ampullary-ampullary anastomosis in women could hinder ovum transport and fertility.


Assuntos
Tubas Uterinas/ultraestrutura , Transporte do Óvulo , Animais , Cílios , Tubas Uterinas/cirurgia , Feminino , Coelhos
9.
Fertil Steril ; 36(5): 669-77, 1981 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7308509

RESUMO

The effect of total deletion of the isthmus, including the ampullary-isthmic junction and the uteroisthmic junction, upon reproduction was determined in 21 rabbits. None became pregnant on the side lacking isthmus, whereas all became pregnant on the intact control side. Eight does were studied using in vivo and in vitro techniques at 18 to 20, 64 to 65, and 136 to 137 hours after mating. Spermatozoa fertilized the ova, with evidence of polyspermy. However, the modified oviduct did not transport fertilized ova into the uterus at the normal time. Furthermore, degeneration was noted from the morula stage onwards. We conclude that the rabbit ova can neither develop normally past the morula stage nor enter the uterus at the normal time in a recognizable form in the total absence of isthmus, and infertility results.


Assuntos
Tubas Uterinas/fisiologia , Reprodução , Animais , Tubas Uterinas/cirurgia , Feminino , Fertilidade , Fertilização , Fístula , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Óvulo/fisiologia , Transporte do Óvulo , Gravidez , Coelhos , Útero/anatomia & histologia
10.
Fertil Steril ; 34(4): 386-90, 1980 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7418893

RESUMO

Pregnancy following reversal of an ampullary segment in the rabbit oviduct has occurred only sporadically, and then usually after repeated mating. To explain this phenomenon it has been postulated that the direction of ciliary beat in the reversed ampullary segment must revert to the normal pro-uterine direction. To test this hypothesis a segment of the ampulla was reversed by microsurgery in 10 rabbits. These were then bred repeatedly for as long as 28 weeks. A single pregnancy, at 10 weeks, ensued. Observation of ampullary transport in vivo showed that muscular activity in the reversed ampullary segment may occasionally overcome the adverse, pro-ovarian ciliary currents that were found to persist in subsequent in vitro examinations. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed normal ciliation in the reversed segment. These observations may explain the occasional transport of an ovum across the reversed ampullary segment and an isolated pregnancy in the mated rabbit.


Assuntos
Cílios/fisiologia , Tubas Uterinas/fisiologia , Fertilidade , Animais , Tubas Uterinas/cirurgia , Tubas Uterinas/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Contração Muscular , Transporte do Óvulo , Gravidez , Coelhos
11.
Fertil Steril ; 36(5): 653-8, 1981 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7308508

RESUMO

Microsurgical transection and anastomosis of the left isthmus in 7 rabbits caused fertility to be reduced 40%. Following rebreeding artificial eggs were introduced into the anastomosed and control oviducts. Sixty-three to 65 hours after mating, direct in vivo observations disclosed varied forms of motion of the artificial eggs within the isthmus, including both small oscillations and occasionally, large precipitous excursions covering more than 1 cm. Subsequent clearing of the genital tracts revealed that the anastomosis in the isthmus had detained most of the natural and artificial eggs, whereas both forms of ova were predominantly past the equivalent site on the control side; yet all anastomosed oviducts were fully patent. We conclude that the decreased fertility after isthmic anastomosis is due not to a physical obstacle but to an inability of the isthmus near the anastomosis to dilate as do other regions of the tube.


Assuntos
Tubas Uterinas/fisiologia , Fertilidade , Transporte do Óvulo , Animais , Tubas Uterinas/anatomia & histologia , Tubas Uterinas/cirurgia , Feminino , Fístula , Microesferas , Coelhos
12.
Fertil Steril ; 35(3): 349-54, 1981 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7202762

RESUMO

The fimbria has long been considered an indispensable portion of the fallopian tube. To test this hypothesis, the fimbria and up to one-half of the adjoining ampulla of the left oviduct were resected by microsurgery in 13 New Zealand White does. The remaining distal ampulla was subjected to a cuff salpingostomy. Following a convalescence of 4 to 8 weeks and induced ovulation, 6 of the 11 resected oviducts apprehended ova and 29% of the total number ovulated ipsilaterally, whereas the right control oviducts retrieved 77% of the corresponding ova. Direct observation in vivo showed that the ova adhered to the neofimbria and that subsequent transport across the everted, hypertrophied ampullary mucosal folds into the tubal lumen took place readily. Scanning electron microscopy of the "neofimbria" and adjoining distal ampulla demonstrated populations of ciliated and secretory cells that were similar to those of the contralateral intact fimbria. This information challenges the concept of fimbrial indispensability and depicts the fimbriated ostium of a distal ampullary cuff salpingostomy as having an adequate function, albeit less efficient than normal


Assuntos
Tubas Uterinas/cirurgia , Animais , Tubas Uterinas/fisiopatologia , Tubas Uterinas/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Hipertrofia/fisiopatologia , Ovulação , Óvulo/fisiopatologia , Coelhos , Aderências Teciduais
13.
Fertil Steril ; 37(5): 691-700, 1982 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7075802

RESUMO

Experimental salpingitis was studied by the introduction of Chlamydia trachomatis, immunotype D, directly into the oviducts of New Zealand White rabbits. Some rabbits were rechallenged with immunotype F to elicit a second infection. Both experiments produced self-limited acute salpingitis. Light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed an extensive polymorphonuclear leukocytic infiltration in the submucosa and mucosa. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed various alterations of the endosalpingeal surface, including deciliation and flattening of the epithelial cells. These morphologic changes were more pronounced following rechallenge. High and long-lasting serum antibody titers were observed in those rabbits receiving intratubal inoculation of live infectious organisms; no response was evident when inactivated organisms were used. These results indicate that the rabbit is useful in the study of the effects of infection on oviductal function.


Assuntos
Infecções por Chlamydia/complicações , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Salpingite/etiologia , Animais , Biópsia , Chlamydia trachomatis , Tubas Uterinas/patologia , Feminino , Microscopia Eletrônica , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Coelhos
14.
Fertil Steril ; 47(2): 329-33, 1987 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3545912

RESUMO

For assessment of the use of the argon laser for tubal anastomosis, the uterine horns of 12 Sprague-Dawley rats were surgically divided and then anastomosed, 6 by argon laser photocoagulation and 6 by the conventional technique of microsurgery. After a 4- to 6-week postsurgical period subjects were reexamined. All microsutured anastomoses were fully patent and continuous, with no apparent fibrosis. Four of six laser subjects had complete occlusion; the other two exhibited patencies between 10% and 20% of normal luminal area. Although initially producing satisfactory union, argon laser photocoagulation proved highly tissue traumatic, resulting in poor regeneration of the anastomotic site.


Assuntos
Terapia a Laser/métodos , Microcirurgia/métodos , Útero/cirurgia , Animais , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Seguimentos , Fotocoagulação , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Técnicas de Sutura
15.
Fertil Steril ; 40(6): 829-40, 1983 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6653802

RESUMO

Experimental acute salpingitis was produced in four pig-tailed monkeys, Macaca nemestrina, by intratubal inoculation with Chlamydia trachomatis (serotypes E or F). The organisms were reisolated from both the endosalpinx and endocervix as early as 1 week after the original inoculation. Endosalpinx cellular responses to the infection were examined by light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy. A moderate lymphocyte infiltration was detected in the submucosa on day 7. By days 14 and 21 the lymphocytic infiltration was heavy and extended into both the submucosa and the mucosa; the infiltration subsided by day 35. Epithelial cell degeneration occurred in close approximation to lymphocytes, suggesting the immunologic basis of tissue destruction. Scanning electron microscopy revealed extensive deciliation and increased plasmalemmal alterations of nonciliated cells. The presence of C. trachomatis in frozen and deparaffinized tissues was demonstrated by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal antibody to C. trachomatis. Only secretory cells contained chlamydial inclusions. A humoral immune response to C. trachomatis was demonstrated by microimmunofluorescence. No histologic or immunologic evidence of infection was present in two control monkeys inoculated with HeLa cell material. The histopathologic and immunologic findings of this study establish the pig-tailed monkey as a useful model for further studies of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of chlamydial salpingitis.


Assuntos
Infecções por Chlamydia/patologia , Salpingite/patologia , Doença Aguda , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Infecções por Chlamydia/imunologia , Chlamydia trachomatis/imunologia , Feminino , Macaca nemestrina , Microscopia Eletrônica , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Salpingite/imunologia
16.
Fertil Steril ; 42(3): 466-73, 1984 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6468678

RESUMO

Experiments were conducted in rabbits to test the effect of commonly used hysterosalpingographic media on tubal structure and function. A model of hydrosalpinx was created by ligating both ends of the oviduct, and the lumen was filled with test solutions. Three groups of animals were studied. Group 1 rabbits (operated controls) received Hanks' balanced salt solution or no solution. In the second group (unoperated controls), no solution or occlusive ligature was applied. Group 3 received either Ethiodol (Savage Laboratories, Missouri City, TX), an oil-soluble contrast medium (OSCM), or Sinografin (E.R. Squibb & Sons, Princeton, NJ), a water-soluble contrast medium (WSCM). Histopathologic changes in the endosalpinx were moderate in the doubly ligated oviducts, and no difference was found between the effects of OSCM and WSCM in group 3 or between groups 1 and 3. Ciliary transport rate on the ampullary endosalpinx of group 1 was 0.05 mm/second, i.e., half the normal rate in the unoperated controls (P less than 0.001) and OSCM-filled oviducts (P less than 0.01). The rate in WSCM oviducts was 0.01 mm/second, significantly slower than in the OSCM-filled oviducts (P less than 0.05).


Assuntos
Meios de Contraste/toxicidade , Doenças das Tubas Uterinas/diagnóstico por imagem , Histerossalpingografia/métodos , Oviductos/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Doenças das Tubas Uterinas/patologia , Feminino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Mucosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa/ultraestrutura , Oviductos/diagnóstico por imagem , Oviductos/ultraestrutura , Coelhos
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA